Manila Cathedral School287 Tayuman, St. Tondo, Manila

An Investigatory ProjectTo be submitted to the Science Department

In partial fulfilment of theCourse Requirement in Biology

Submitted toMrs. Agnes Cruz

Bernabe, Nicole CzerenaDesierto, Germeign AnnMaliclic, Chelsea AnneManglangit, Treb MiguelMarasigan, Austin

Second Year - Maximillian Kolbe

February 2013

CITRUS FRUITS AS A BACTERIAL HAND SANITIZER

ABSTRACTThe researchers main purpose in conducting this study is to help create a product which is cheaper and could use the same quality as the one through the use of oranges. This study aims to help people who do not have enough money to buy expensive hand sanitizer. It also helps the researchers determine the similarities and differences of the two products have by comparing their qualities. The procedure in making this product is simple. First, scrape the gel inside the Aloe Vera leaves. After scraping the gel, the group put it a plastic container and added 1 cup of Ethyl alcohol and 2 teaspoons of Glycerin. Next, grate the orange to get the zest and add it to the mixture, then, mix till well blended. Lastly, the group recycled a small bottle that was used as a container for the mixture. The researchers concluded that the Aloe Vera gel can be used to make the hand sanitizer more jelly and the zest of the orange more hydrating to the skin. It is easy to make since the materials used are found in stores and have the cheapest price. The group is confident that the product is effective because of the Ethyl alcohol. The researchers advised to use more Aloe Vera for the product to be more jelly.

iACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe researchers would like to give their heartfelt gratitude to the people who helped in making and considering this study and for the success of the researchers. First, the parents who gave their time to help and support their child in conducting this study. Second, the researchers teacher who was always there when the researchers have questions or problems that needs to be solved. And last but not the least, to our dear God who guided the researchers in the right path and for all the blessings that the researchers have received.

iiTABLE OF CONTENTSAbstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iAcknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiChapter I: The Problem and its BackgroundIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Scope and Limitations of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Chapter II: Review of Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Chapter III: Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 6Chapter IV: Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Chapter V: Conclusion and Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8AppendixBibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Curriculum Vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUNDIntroductionEarlier, whenever the peoples hands used to get dirty, people used to go insearch of a good soap and water. This used to become a great inconvenienceespecially when travelling. Water spills and soap not getting rinsed properly andof course, water wastage, all these factors contributed to the discovery ofsomething called as hand sanitizer.

Background of the StudyThe researchers chose the citrus fruits to make it into a Citrus Hand Sanitizerbecause the season today is where most citrus fruits bloom. Another factor whythe researchers chose this study because of the protein of Vitamin C most citrusfruits have from common illnesses like colds, cough, etc. Third, Citrus fruits areeasy to find and are cheap. Fourth, you can easily find them from local grocerystores and/or markets per kilo, sliced, peeled, mixed with other fruits, canned,and/or juiced.

Statement of the ProblemThe researchers need to solve the following problems:1. How cheap will it be compared to other hand sanitizer?2. How effective is the citric hand sanitizer compared with other products?3. Does it have side effects?4. Does the Citrus Hand Sanitizer can make hands dry?2Significance of the StudyThe people who will benefit from the hand sanitizer are students, frompre-school to college. People who live in squatters area, condominium units,small and big houses. People who work as part-time or full-time. People whowork on hospitals like odctors, nurses, janitors, and even patients. Bankemployees, security guards, salesman or women, police officers, etc. Evenpeople who dont have jobs and senior citizens!

The Citrus Hand Sanitizer can be significant by helping our hands to be clean and germfree. Instead of using soap and water, we can use this hand sanitizer intravelling, in school, in malls, etc. whenever, wherever.

Scope and Limitations of the StudyThe study covers how citrus fruits can be used as a hand sanitizer and to know the health benefits when it is used to be a hand sanitizer, the side effects arise when using the hand sanitizer. Other than that, the study will not cover topics beyond the scope of the research.

3CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURECitrus is a common term and genus of flowering plants in the rue family, Rutaceae. These plants are large shrubs or small trees, reaching 5-15 m tall, with spiny shoots and alternately arranged evergreen leaves with an entire margin. The flowers are solitary or in small corymbs, each flower 2-4 cm diameter, with five (rarely four) white petals and numerous stamens; they are often very strongly scented.Citrus fruits are notable for their fragrance. The juice contains a high quality of citric acid giving them their characteristic sharp flavour. The genus is commercially important as many species are cultivated for their fruit, which is eaten fresh, pressed for juice, or preserved in marmalades and pickles.The invention of hand sanitizer was from Lupe Hernandez of Bakersfield, CA. In1996, he called an invention hotline off of the TV, and ordered a package for anidea he had on how he would create system in hospitals, to where all sinks wouldhave an alcohol solutions, at the bottom of the sink connected to the pipe,outgoing water reaching our hands with cleaning solution and a sanitizer gelmaking it easier for hospital staff and quicker to get patients. This idea came tomind because he was attending school to become a RN.

4CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGYIn this chapter, the group will be making a hand sanitizer out of materials that can be found in homes and that are cheap to buy.The group found out that Citrus fruits are cheap and easy to buy especially when it is in season. Citrus fruits also have a high quantity of Vitamin C that make the skin healthy and prevent it from drying thats why the researches chose this as their primary ingredient for their product home-made Citrus hand sanitizer.Alcohols that have 70%-up solution are mostly found on homes and are cheap in the market. The researchers chose this ingredient because of its cleaning properties when it comes to germs and bacteria that can cause sickness in people.The group did was, first, researched the materials needed and the procedures on making a hand sanitizer. Second, the group bought the materials needed to be able to make a hand sanitizer.The group will be making a hand sanitizer out of the following materials: cup of Aloe Vera gel, 2 teaspoons of Glycerin, 1 cup of Ethyl alcohol, zest of a 1 whole orange.The researchers did was, first, scrape the gel inside the Aloe Vera leaves. After scraping the gel, the group put it a plastic container and added 1 cup of Ethyl alcohol and 2 teaspoons of Glycerin. Next, grate the orange to get the zest and add it to the mixture, then, mix till well blended. Lastly, the group recycled a small bottle that was used as a container for the mixture.5

6CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 FindingsThe researchers conducted a list of findings on the productFeaturesCitric Hand SanitizerCommercial Hand Sanitizer

Colourbrownish-yellowish colorclear color

Fragranceorange-yfruity

Texturestickysmooth

This table showed the results of the survey. 5 different people tested the Citric Hand Sanitizer in each trial.CriteriaCitric Hand SanitizerCommercial Hand Sanitizer

Affordable/////-

Fragrance/////

Effectivity/////

4.2 ResultsIn Criteria #1, 5 different people agreed that the groups product was affordable.In Criteria #2, 5 people tested the product by smelling. 3 out of 5 agreed that the fragrance was not harsh on the nose when its being smelled.In Criteria #3, 2 out of 5 people agreed that the product was effective to use.

7CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 ConclusionsThe researchers therefore conclude that the citrus hand sanitizer was confidently a success because of the presence of Ethyl alcohol that made it more disinfectant and the ingredients used to make the hand sanitizer were readily available and easily accessible in the market.5.2 RecommendationsIn the findings the group have conducted, the researchers respectfully recommend some instructions for better results.1. It is optional to put essential oil for the sake of your nose not to be irritated with the smellof the original essence.2. You should put more Aloe Vera gel than the ethyl alcohol to make the hand sanitizer jelly.

8APPENDIXBIBLIOGRAPHYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_sanitizerhttp://biology.about.com/od/microbiology/a/handsanitizers.htmhttp://www.humantouchofchemistry.com/how-hand-sanitizers-made-their-debut.htmhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_is_the_first_person_to_formulate_hand_sanitizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus

9CURRICULUM VITAEName: BERNABE, Nicole Czerena D.Age: 13Educational AttainmentPrimary: South Crest SchoolSecondary: Manila Cathedral SchoolHonors/Awards received:Elementary 2nd honorHighschool Top 3 on English (subject proficiency)Organization: Biotechnicians Club

10Name: DESIERTO, Germeign Ann S.Age: 14Educational AttainmentPrimary: EMD Carmelite SchoolSecondary: Manila Cathedral SchoolHonors/Awards received:Nursery 1st HonorKinder 2nd Honor Best in Music Most CooperativeOrganization: Hiyas Ng Sining Club

11Name: MALICLIC, Chelsea Anne J.Age: 14Educational AttainmentPrimary: Manila Cathedral SchoolSecondary: Manila Cathedral SchoolHonors/Awards received:Grade 2 Top 72nd Year Top 6 on Science (subject proficiency)Organization: Biotechnicians Club

12Name: MANGLANGIT, Treb Miguel V.Age: 13Educational AttainmentPrimary: Shilloh Christian AcademySecondary: Manila Cathedral SchoolHonors/Awards received: --Organization: Biotechnicians Club

13Name: MARASIGAN, April Austin C.Age: 14Educational AttainmentPrimary: St. Anne De Beaupre School

Secondary: Manila Cathedral SchoolHonors/Awards received: 1st to 3rd Grade Champion in Elocution TestOrganization: Earth Savers Club

14