Lance Corporal James O’Hare Page 1 Cabaret Rouge B. C. 9.E.4

INVESTIGATIVE REPORT: This report pertains to an investigation of the identification of the burial location of a member of the Commonwealth Forces, during the Great War 1914-1921.

SUBMITTED TO: CWGC Commemorations Section Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2 Marlow Road Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 7DX United Kingdom Email: commemorations@cwgc.org

Report Date: 11 October 2019 Reason for Submission: (“X” means purpose of the report)

Casualty Identification: Burial Information:

Confirmed Identity x Burial Location Identified x

Most Probable Identity Grave Stone Correction x

Questionable Identity Grave Records Correction x

Incorrect Identity Request for CWGC Details

Prior Non-commemoration x Other

Supporting Documents: (# refers to attachment number; “I” information provided)

Casualty Identification: Burial Information: O’Hare, James i Cabaret Rouge B.C. link

25th Northumberland Fusiliers i Pas de Calais France i

Lance Corporal # 30/257 i Plot 9 Row E Grave 4 i

Date of Death: 30 July 1916 link Date of Burial / Exhumation i

Graves Registration Report 1a,b War Diary Extract(s) 7a-e

Concentration of Grave 2 Casualty Card

Exhumation Report - Grave Stone Photograph

Headstone Register 3 Grave Stone Inscription

Area Map(s) 4 Memorial Investigation 8

Trench Map(s) 5 Reporting and Review 9

Possible Candidates List 6 Related Correction Report 10

Summary of Findings: The Graves Registration Report form for Plot 9 Row E Grave 4 lists an Unknown British soldier, believed to be a Lance Corporal of the 25th Northumberland Fusiliers, buried in July 1916. He was a CWGC non-commemoration case until 25 June 1996. At that time his name was added to the Arras Memorial for the missing. The historical evidence is clear that the original supposition that the man was identifiable was correct. There is only one (1) candidate that meets all the criteria as written, that being Lance Corporal James O’Hare #30/257. He served with the 25th Battalion of the Northumberland Fusiliers of the 103rd Brigade. The brigade was serving in a temporary capacity with the 37th Division in the Carency sector, west of Souchez. This limited engagement took place between July 20th and August 25th 1916.

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Details of Findings: The findings are based on the following:

1. The Graves Registration Report Form (GRRF) reports that the grave in Plot 9 Row E Grave 4 of the Cabaret Rouge British Cemetery contains an “Unknown British Soldier”, who was believed to be a “L/Cpl. of 25th North’d Fus. Buried July 1916” (Attachment #1a). At some point later, the description of the soldier was crossed out, leaving only the term “Unknown British Soldier”. Prior to being concentrated into this cemetery, the remains had been in Grave A.4 of the Carency Military Cemetery (Attachment #1b). The GRRF for that cemetery recorded the same description as the previous; however in that case the reference to the “Unknown British Soldier” had been crossed out, leaving only the reference to the Lance Corporal of the 25th Northumberland Fusiliers, buried in July 1916. The Carency GRRF was found with the records of Private W. Burr #5387 and Private J. W. S. Earl #2882, both of the 1/22 Battalion London Regiment. These men were in the next two graves beside the Lance Corporal. The 25th Northumberland Fusiliers of the 103rd Brigade, temporarily with the 37th Division, had taken over the trenches occupied by the 1/22nd London Regiment of the 142nd Brigade, 47th (2nd London) Division. This places all the men in the same area during the battle and in the same cemetery after their death.

2. The Concentration of Graves (Exhumations and Reburials Burial Return (COG-BR) for the Cabaret Rouge British Cemetery contains the same description as previously described for the GRRF documents (Attachment #2). It is noted that the means of identification was by way of the cross on the exhumed grave at Carency. The remains were recovered at the Carency Military Cemetery 44b.X.21.a.4.7 and moved to the Cabaret Rouge British Cemetery 44a.S.13.d.5.3. There were no alterations to the identification of the remains recorded on the COG-BR. As noted previously, two (2) of the men on that COG-BR (Earl and Burr) were with the 1/22 London Regiment (The Queen's) in the 142nd Brigade, 47th (2nd London) Division. They were killed by shellfire on 26 July 1916 while in a working party proceeding along Cabaret Road to Cabaret Rouge (war diary page 163 of 818). The 142nd Brigade was relieved the next day by 102nd/103rd composite brigade, which included the 25th Northumberland Fusiliers. That information provides confirmation that some of the men killed in action at the front line trenches were buried in the Carency Military Cemetery.

3. The Comprehensive Report of (A) Headstone Inscriptions (HD-SCHD) reports that the grave in Plot 9 Row E Grave 4 was to be inscribed as “A Soldier of the Great War”, thus any reference to this soldier being a Lance Corporal or a man of the 25th Northumberland Fusiliers had been dropped (Attachment #3). At the time (1996) that it was discovered that Lance Corporal James O’Hare had not been

Lance Corporal James O’Hare Page 3 Cabaret Rouge B. C. 9.E.4

commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, there was no marking in the Cabaret Rouge British Cemetery to indicate that grave 9.E.4 was that on an Unknown Lance Corporal or a soldier of the Northumberland Fusiliers.

4. An Area Map has been prepared using Google Earth, to provide a general reference of the location where the remains were recovered from the Carency Military Cemetery (Attachment #4). This map is marked to show the Somme sector to the south (i.e. Albert) versus the Pas de Calais sector (i.e. Arras) to the north. Different battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers were operational in both sectors in July 1916.

5. Two Trench Maps are provided to depict the area of the front lines between Souchez and Givenchy in July 1916 (Attachment #5a) and the rear area near Carency where the medical facilities and the local cemeteries were located (Attachment #5b). Both of these areas are in the Pas de Calais sector, approximately 12 kilometres northwest of Arras. The main medical facilities for that period are at Hospital Corner 36b.X.16.d.9.5. That places it just south of Bois du Carency on the road between Carency and Cabaret Rouge. We know from COG-BR 2112833 that the cemetery was at 36b.X.21.a.4.7, both of which are clearly marked on the detailed map.

6. The Possible Candidates for the Unknown Lance Corporal were derived from the CWGC database (Attachment #6). There were two hundred and eleven (211) Lance Corporals lost in France in July 1916 (CWGC Link). Of these there are one hundred and sixty eight (168) named on the Thiepval Memorial, for actions in the Somme sector, and only one (1) on the Arras Memorial, for actions in the Pas de Calais sector. The sole Lance Corporal of the Northumberland Fusiliers on the Arras Memorial is James O’Hare #30/257 (added to Addenda Panel June 1996). Of the twelve (12) Lance Corporals lost in the later period of July 1916 (July 20th-31st), only two (2) have a known burial location. These two (2), plus the other nine (9) on the Thiepval Memorial, are all in the Somme sector. Lance Corporal O’Hare is the only one (1) in the Pas de Calais sector, known or unknown. The only other Lance Corporal of the Northumberland Fusiliers on the Arras Memorial for all of 1916, was Lance Corporal William Ramshaw #10244 of the 14th Battalion (21st Divisional Troops). He was lost on 14 August 1916 when the enemy sprang a mine at Clarence Crater (51b.G.12.b) 2,800 yards northeast of Arras (war diary page 153 of 844). Lance Corporal O'Hare was exhumed from the Carency Military Cemetery at 44b.X.21.a.4.7, approximately 11 kilometres to the northwest of Clarence Crater. There are three (3) Lance Corporals listed by the CWGC who died in France that have a “Secondary Regiment” affiliation to the Northumberland Fusiliers (CWGC Link). All were casualties in the Somme sector in 1916 (known grave) and 1918 (Pozieres Memorial), thus are no candidates for the Unknown Lance Corporal found in the Pas de Calais sector.

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7. A number of War Diary Extracts are referenced by war diary links; to account for

the movement of the Northumberland Fusilier battalions in July 1916. Specific pages dealing directly with the location of the action and recovery of remains in late July 1916 are included (Attachment #7). On July 1, 1916 the 25th Northumberland Fusiliers (103rd Brigade, 34th Division) was in the Somme sector of France (war diary page 42 of 931). The battalion was ordered to attack the German positions in the vicinity of Albert and La Boiselle (57d.X.14.c). Loses in all of the Northumberland Fusilier battalions in the 102nd (20th, 21st, 22nd and 23rd battalions) and 103rd Brigade (24th, 25th, 26th and 27th) were significant. In the 103rd Brigade alone loses amount to 611 men (CWGC Link). The end result was that composite battalions of the 103rd Brigade were formed as the 24th/27th and 25th/26th, each of which was attached to the 37th Division operating in the Pas de Calais sector. The 103rd Infantry Brigade moved to Henencourt Wood (57d.V.26.b) on the 5th and left by bus to Humber Camps on the 7th, where they underwent reorganization (war diary page 44 of 931). They were on the move again by the 14th to Orlencourt (36b.T.6), Rebreuve and Hermin, where they remained until the 25th. The next day they marched to Gouy-Servins (36b.Q.35.d). This now places the brigade in the Pas de Calais sector. The result of this amalgamation and reorganization is that there is a clear separation between the brigade’s location when the thirteen (13) other Lance Corporals were lost in the Somme sector in early July 1916 (CWGC Link). Lance Corporal O’Hare was the only Lance Corporal lost in the Pas de Calais sector in late July 1916. Reference to the 103rd Infantry Brigade HQ (war diary page 233 of 764) tells us that they were still in Fresincourt on 19 July 1916 (Attachment #7a) On the 20th, the 25th Northumberland Fusiliers moved to Hermin 36b.P.22.d. The 102nd and 103rd Brigades were temporarily amalgamated, with the 25th/26th NF amalgamated under Lieutenant-Colonel Coulson. They took over the Carency 36b.X.15.d sector on the 27th/28th from the 142nd Infantry Brigade. The movement is recorded in Operation Order No. 38 (war diary page 254 of 764), showing the battalion leaving Orlencourt for Hermin. The next page of the 103rd Infantry Brigade HQ (war diary page 234 of 764) reports on casualties that occurred during this period, showing why there was uncertainty as to the identity of the 25th Battalion Lance Corporal (Attachment #7b). Here it is reported that there were two (2) wounded in the 25th Battalion and one (1) wounded in each of the 26th and 27th Battalions. Only one (1) man is reported killed in the 26th Battalion. There were no reported casualties for the 24th Battalion, the unit that was temporarily amalgamated with the 27th Battalion.

Lance Corporal James O’Hare Page 5 Cabaret Rouge B. C. 9.E.4

Since June of 1996 the CWGC records show the one man killed in the 25th Battalion was Lance Corporal O’Hare, who had no known grave at that time. There are no recorded deaths in the 26th Battalion. The one (1) man killed in the 27th Battalion was Private J. T. Bell #27/31, who has a known grave in the Lapugnoy Military Cemetery. From that we know that Private Bell was the man of the 27th Battalion that was wounded. A check of the CWGC records at the time of the preparation of this report in early October 2019 did not provide any reference to the one (1) man of the 26th Battalion reported killed. Upon investigation of the conflicting evidence (CWGC Records versus 103rd Brigade War Diary), it became clear that the CWGC record for Private Thomas Walkington #26/1323 was incorrect. There was also an error in the record for Serjeant Lawrence Parnell Donnely of the 24th Battalion, as there were no reported casualties in the war diary. A correction report was submitted to the CWGC on 14 October 2019, the main components of which are:

Soldier Regimental # Correction

Date of Death Correction

Memorial Correction

Walkington 26

th Bn.

26/323 to 26/1323

21/07/1916 to 31/07/1916

Thiepval Memorial changes to Arras Memorial

Donnely 24

th Bn.

24/470 is correct 31/07/1916 to 01/07/1916

Change of date results in the Thiepval Memorial being correct

With these corrections there will be agreement in the records between the war diary and the CWGC. This is important, as that removes any confusion as to the records for Lance Corporal O’Hare. Lance Corporal O’Hare was not killed in action at the front lines, as the war diary shows that had to have been one of the two wounded, who later died. A wounded soldier would have been taken to the 49th Field Ambulance, as the 25th/26th amalgamated battalion was temporarily attached to the 37th Division. On 26 July 1916 the 49th Field Ambulance took over the Advanced Dressing Station at Cabaret Rouge (Attachment #7c). The 49th Field Ambulance for 24 July 1916 references the visit to the Advanced Dressing Station at Cabaret Rouge and the Collecting Station at Carency (Attachment #7d). Another reference is made to "Hospital Corner" on 31 July 1916 (Attachment #7e).

8. The Memorial Inscription for Lance Corporal O’Hare is recorded on Panel 2 of the Addenda Panels for 20 April 2001(Attachment #8). That is reported to be based on the addition of 25 June 1996. A check of the original names and addenda panels for the other major memorials did not reveal his name, suggesting that this was not the same change as now required for Private Walkington #26/1323 (Thiepval Memorial to Arras Memorial). On 14 October 2019 the CWGC was contacted regarding this case. Confirmation was received that he was indeed a non-commemoration case in 1996 and that there was no investigation into his possible burial location. This provides clear evidence that Lance Corporal O’Hare was lost in the commemoration process after the armistice.

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The historical evidence tells us that it was known that Lance Corporal O’Hare was first buried in the Carency Military Cemetery and later concentrated into the Cabaret Rouge British Cemetery. The history tells us that the GRU or IWGC would not have been able to name the Unknown Lance Corporal of the 25h Northumberland Fusiliers in March of 1920, given that there was no record that such a deceased person existed. The only knowledge that was available was the report in the war diary that two (2) men had been wounded. All the other men of the 25th Battalion had known burial locations: BROWN J G 18/07/1916 Private 25/779 ST. SEVER CEMETERY, ROUEN

(Hospital Centre)

CHARLESWORTH T S 10/7/1916 Second Lieutenant GORDON DUMP CEMETERY, OVILLERS-LA BOISSELLE (Somme sector)

HENRY J 20/07/1916 Private ST. SEVER CEMETERY, ROUEN (Hospital Centre)

LAMBERT J H 9/8/1916 Captain BARLIN COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION (Pas de Calais Sector)

MULLARKEY M 15/07/1916 Private 25/395 ABBEVILLE COMMUNAL CEMETERY (Somme Sector)

O'HARE J 30/07/1916 Lance Corporal 30/257 ARRAS MEMORIAL 1996

Action Required: The “Investigative Report” has been prepared in accordance with the procedures and criteria set out by the CWGC, should they wish to make any changes to the commemoration details (Attachment #9). The records should be amended to show that Lance Corporal James O’Hare # 30/257 was serving with the 25th Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers when he died on 31 July 1916. He was initially buried in Grave A.4 of the Carency Military Cemetery and later concentrated into Plot 9 Row E Grave 4 of the Cabaret Rouge British Cemetery. The records for Serjeant Donnely and Private Walkington should also be corrected so there is agreement between all files. To establish the linkage between these cases, a copy of the e-mail correction report of 14 October 2019 is provided with this report (Attachment #10).

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ATTACHMENT #1a

Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Graves Registration Report Form.

https://archive.cloud.cwgc.org/archive/doc/doc1976193.JPG

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ATTACHMENT #1b

Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Graves Registration Report Form. https://archive.cloud.cwgc.org/archive/doc/doc2253551.JPG

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ATTACHMENT #2

Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Concentration of Graves (Exhumations and Reburials) Burial

Return. https://archive.cloud.cwgc.org/archive/doc/doc2112833.JPG

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ATTACHMENT #3

Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Comprehensive Report (A) of Headstone Inscriptions. https://archive.cloud.cwgc.org/archive/doc/doc2081509.JPG

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ATTACHMENT #4

Area Map on Google Earth – marked to differentiate where the remains were recovered at Carency in the

Pas de Calais sector versus the Somme sector.

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ATTACHMENT #5a

The National Archives British Trench Map Atlas.36bSE4 & 36cSW3 Givenchy Edition 7A(S) Map

wo297_1156 Trenches Corrected 8/4/1916. Naval and Military Press, Uckfield, West Sussex, United

Kingdom.

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ATTACHMENT #5b

The National Archives British Trench Map Atlas36bSW4 Carency Edition 7(S) Map wo297_1152

Trenches Corrected 1/9/1916. Naval and Military Press, Uckfield, West Sussex, United Kingdom.

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ATTACHMENT #6

Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Casualty Record: Commonwealth Forces.

CWGC Database Records (Northumberland Fusilier Lance Corporals 20th to 31

st July 1916)

surname forename death bn # cemetery or memorial

DIXON JOHN 23/07/1916 1st Bn. '3/8318' THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

DRYDEN T 23/07/1916 12th Bn. '10061' HEILLY STATION CEMETERY

FRASER WALTER CHARLES 27/07/1916 10th Bn. '13781' THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

GRAVES CHARLES HENRY 23/07/1916 1st Bn. '22658' THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

HEDLEY WILLIAM 27/07/1916 10th Bn. '6614' THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

HOOD ALBERT OWEN 23/07/1916 1st Bn. '21254' DIVE COPSE BRITISH CEMETERY

HUMPHRIES JOHN 23/07/1916 1st Bn. '8549' THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

JACKSON HENRY HODGES 23/07/1916 1st Bn. '16880' THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

KIRBY JOHN GEORGE 30/07/1916 11th Bn. '16792' THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

O'HARE JAMES 30/07/1916 25th Bn. '30/257' ARRAS MEMORIAL

PRESTON THOMAS 23/07/1916 1st Bn. '14605' THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

SANDERSON JAMES 23/07/1916 1st Bn. '8327' THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

Lance Corporal James O’Hare Page 15 Cabaret Rouge B. C. 9.E.4

ATTACHMENT #7a UK, WWI War Diaries (France, Belgium and Germany), 1914-1920 Various (Infantry Brigades, 34th Division) 34th Division Piece 2464/1-6: 103 Infantry Brigade: Headquarters (1916 Jan-1917 Aug)

Lance Corporal James O’Hare Page 16 Cabaret Rouge B. C. 9.E.4

ATTACHMENT #7b UK, WWI War Diaries (France, Belgium and Germany), 1914-1920 Various (Infantry Brigades, 34th Division) 34th Division Piece 2464/1-6: 103 Infantry Brigade: Headquarters (1916 Jan-1917 Aug)

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ATTACHMENT #7c UK, WWI War Diaries (France, Belgium and Germany), 1914-1920 Royal Army Medical Corps 37th Division Piece 2518/1-5: Headquarters Branches and Services: Asst Dir Medical Services (1915 Jul - 1919 Mar)

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ATTACHMENT #7d UK, WWI War Diaries (France, Belgium and Germany), 1914-1920 Royal Army Medical Corps 37th Division Piece 2525/2: 49 Field Ambulance (1915 Jun - 1919 Apr)

Lance Corporal James O’Hare Page 19 Cabaret Rouge B. C. 9.E.4

ATTACHMENT #7e UK, WWI War Diaries (France, Belgium and Germany), 1914-1920 Royal Army Medical Corps 37th Division Piece 2525/2: 49 Field Ambulance (1915 Jun - 1919 Apr)

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ATTACHMENT #8

Commonwealth War Graves Commission, Arras Memorial Addenda Panels

https://archive.cloud.cwgc.org/archive/doc/doc2195523.JPG

https://archive.cloud.cwgc.org/archive/doc/doc2195546.JPG

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ATTACHMENT #9

This “Reporting and Review” attachment is provided to assist all parties in the submission of an investigative report related to the identification of the burial location, or headstone markings, of a member of the Commonwealth Forces during the Great War 1914-1921.The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) receives a copy of this report in the event they wish to make changes to the commemoration details. In order to alter the records, the CWGC has set out their criteria for the procedure and submission of cases for review, as detailed below. The CWGC is under no obligation to make changes based on a report.

We have modified the requirement information noted below to include CWGC criteria from their source material:

Guideline Criteria for Submission:

Cases need to present clear and convincing evidence to prove the identity of a casualty and must not be based on assumption or speculation. The Commission's Commemoration Team will also consider whether the findings of a better informed contemporary investigation are being revisited and if there is any new evidence to consider. By way of example, it is unlikely that the Commission would support a revision of the arrangements for the commemoration where it is apparent that no new evidence is being presented and, a better informed previous decision is being revisited some 100 years later.

Evidence and Source Material:

Un-cited resources cannot be accepted as official evidence. Research conducted on the internet will only be accepted if supplied by a recognised authority such as the CWGC, National Archives etc. Any primary (contemporary) sources e.g. the National Archives, CWGC, and Genealogical website original documentation etc. must be copied and submitted with the case. The relevant pages of any secondary material e.g. published reference books and articles; website material etc. should also be copied and submitted. All sources must be correctly referenced as footnotes throughout the submission as well as cited in a complete bibliography of consulted sources Referencing is essential to any historical research and should contain some uniform elements.

The following have participated in the preparation, review and submission of this report on a voluntary basis. Those noted below have read the investigative report and compared it to the criteria set out by the CWGC, as a guiding principle, and have agreed to have their name included as part of the review team. The CWGC may contact any of the reviewers at the e-mail address provided below.

Name Affiliation E-mail Contribution Richard Laughton Canada

Private Researcher LMC Great War Research Company

rlaughton@laughton.ca Investigator & Report Author

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ATTACHMENT #10

E-mail Correction Report of 14 October 2019 for Private Walkington and Serjeant Donnely

From: Richard Laughton [mailto:rlaughton@laughton.ca] Sent: Monday, October 14, 2019 3:19 PM To: CWGC Enquiry Support Team (enquiries@cwgc.org) Cc: david.avery@cwgc.org Subject: (1) Private Thomas Walkington #26/1323, 26th Northumberland Fusiliers (2) Serjeant Lawrence Parnell Donnely #24/470 Dear CWGC: During the detailed investigation of Lance Corporal O’Hare #30/257 (report to CWGC follows), it was discovered that there were errors in the record of Private Thomas Walkington #26/1323, 26th Northumberland Fusiliers. I suspect the record errors may have been related to transcription errors, as the following is noted:

the correct date of death is 31 July 1916 not 21 July 1916

the correct regimental number is 26/1323 not 26/323 as currently reported It is possible that the errors were in the original database and not transcription errors, as he is also listed on the Thiepval Memorial whereas he should be on the Arras Memorial. I have attached and linked the following:

the war diary of the 103rd

Infantry for 31 July 1916 where there is a record of one (1) man killed, that being Private Walkington (attached and this link)

the “UK Soldiers Died in the Great War” gives his number as 26/1323 and his date of death as 31 July 1916 (attached and this link)

same for the “Soldier’s Effects” (attached and this link)

same for “Medal Index Card” (attached and this link) At the time of his death Private Walkington and all of the men of the 26

th Northumberland Fusiliers were with the

103rd

Infantry Brigade which was temporarily attached to the 37th

Division in the Pas de Calais, Carency sector. The remainder of the 34

th Division was still in the Somme sector.

The transcription errors are easily confirmed and should not require further detail. If the CWGC requires a detailed report on the matter of the correct memorial, I can provide that in the near future. The report on Lance Corporal O’Hare contains all that information and should clarify any questions. David Avery is aware of the case of Lance Corporal O’Hare and can confirm that he is currently listed on the Arras Memorial for being in the Carency sector at the time of his death. The case of Serjeant Lawrence Parnell Donnely appears just to be a transcription error - https://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/754549/donnely,-lawrence-parnell/. His date of death was 1 July 1916, so he is on the correct memorial. Had it been 31 July 1916 then he too would had to be moved to the Arras Memorial. The documents are attached as well. Best regards from Canada, Richard