InvestigationofSouthernGreatPlainsAtmosphericMoistureBudge ... · 0 4 8 1 2 2006P 2006PE/PvsE P E /...
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0 4 8 12 2006 P 2006 P E /P vs E P E /P (mm d -1 ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 05/02 05/11 05/16 05/21 05/26 05/31 06/05 06/10 06/15 06/20 06/25 06/30 05/06 0 3 6 9 12 E mm d -1 2006 P E /P vs IF/A 0 12 24 36 48 IF/A mm d -1 SWATS Volumetric Soil Water at 5cm - Lamont, OK x m 3 m -3 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.36 05/02 05/11 05/16 05/21 05/26 05/31 06/05 06/10 06/15 06/20 06/25 06/30 05/06 05/02 05/11 05/16 05/21 05/26 05/31 06/05 06/10 06/15 06/20 06/25 06/30 05/06 05/02 05/11 05/16 05/21 05/26 05/31 06/05 06/10 06/15 06/20 06/25 06/30 05/06 mm d -1 P E /P (mm d -1 ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.0 4.0 8.0 P E /P P E /P E IF/A Variation of P, Recycling and Soil Moisture on a Daily Timescale Source: Climate Prediction Center Gridded Rain Gauge Analysis Investigation of Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Moisture Budget for CLASIC 1 Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, 2 School of Meteorology, The University of Oklahoma, 3 Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel CLASIC Campaign Summary Motivations Record Breaking Rainfall during CLASIC SM > 60 cm 40 cm < SM < 50 cm 30 cm < SM < 40 cm 20 cm < SM < 30 cm SM < 20 cm 50 cm < SM < 60 cm 5/02 5/20 5/30 6/10 6/20 6/30 5/10 0 100 200 300 May-June 2006 mm 0 100 200 300 5/02 5/20 5/30 6/10 6/20 6/30 5/10 mm May-June 2007 Cumulative Precipitation Soil Moisture June 2007 June 2006 CLASIC ACRF SGP Region Moisture Budget Study Region MJ MJ MJ MJ 8267 - 4 - 20 2 4 6 E 1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean mm d -1 MJ MJ MJ MJ 8267 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 P 1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean MJ MJ MJ MJ 8267 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 E-P 1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean mm d -1 mm d -1 MJ MJ MJ MJ 8267 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 HA 1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean MJ MJ MJ MJ 8267 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 HD 1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean MJ MJ MJ MJ 8267 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 MFD 1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean mm d -1 mm d -1 mm d -1 MJ MJ MJ MJ 8267 0 10 20 30 IF/A 1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean mm d -1 MJ MJ MJ MJ 8267 0.0 0.10 0.20 P E /P 1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean MJ MJ MJ MJ 8267 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 E 1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean mm d -1 Monthly Mean Moisture Budget May-June 1998, 2002, 2006, 2007 Characteristics of Daily Recycling within Precipitation Categories Outflow (OF/A) E P Inflow (IF/A) P P E = A IF E E + P local + advective P local = where E is the local source of moisture IF/A is the advective source of moisture Based on this Tank Model, our recycling ratio is: dPW A IF A OF P E + - = - Bulk formula for the moisture budget has 4 bound- ary fluxes (E, P, OF/A and IF/A): Recycling on a Monthly Timescale Conventional Form of the Moisture Budget Equation: E-P = MFD +dPW= HA + HD +dPW where E is evapotranspiration, P is precipitation, MFD is Moisture Flux Divergence with its compo- nents HA (horizontal moisture advection) and HD (horizontal velocity divergence in the presence of moisture), dPW is atmospheric moisture storage (which is negligible on a monthly timescale). Using the conventional form of the Moisture Budget Equation, one might assume that if E-P ~0 (or MFD ~0), then most of the precipitation (P) originates from evapotranspiration (E). Over the SGP, E-P ~0 (except for the extremely wet May- June 2007 and the very dry May 1998). However, using the bulk form of the Moisture Budget above, the ratio of precipitation originating from evapotranspiration to the total precipitation (P E /P) is much less than 1.0. 2<P<4 mm d -1 0.6<P<2 mm d -1 P< 0.6 mm d -1 4<P<8 mm d -1 P>8 mm d -1 2<P<4 mm d -1 0.6<P<2 mm d -1 P< 0.6 mm d -1 4<P<8 mm d -1 P>8 mm d -1 0 E 2.84 3.21 3.73 3.80 4.16 0 IF/A 19.12 20.82 22.10 23.22 24.85 0 P E /P 0.152 0.155 0.187 0.163 0.150 0 SR 30.93 29.54 27.95 26.61 24.75 0.0 P E 0.03 0.18 0.54 0.93 1.78 0 # Cases 84 43 38 49 26 P P Daily Mean Recycling and Related Variables May-June 1998, 2002, 2006, 2007 where E is the local source of moisture (mm d -1 ); IF/A is the advective source of moisture (mm d -1 ) P E /P is the recycling ratio ; SR is the solar radiation (MJ m -2 d -1 );P E is the recycled precipitation (mm d -1 ) * Recycling ratio is maximized in the 2-4 mm d -1 P Category. * Both E and IF/A increase with increasing P. * Variation among the recycling related components on a daily timescale is shown below for the dry year of 2006. The red box indicates a period of very high recycling rates when advected moisture was low but there was still soil moisture available for evapotranspiration. The Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign was conducted over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) ARM Climate Research Facility during June 2007. One of CLASIC’s primary goals is to “improve understanding of the physics of the early stages of cumulus cloud con- vection as it relates to land surface conditions”. Our moisture budget analysis, conducted over an expanded region surrounding the SGP for CLASIC and three other con- trasting May-June periods, provides a bulk approach for relating cloud properties to larger-scale atmospheric conditions. Moisture budget analysis is an important tool for studying land-atmosphere interactions, since the linkages among atmospheric dynamics, water vapor, surface conditions, and precipitation are constrained by the moisture continuity equation. Over the SGP, E (Evapotranspiration) = ~P (Precipitation) for many monthly means. However, this does not imply that E is the main moisture source for monthly P. On a daily timescale, the recycling ratio (P E /P) is maxi- mized in the 2-4 mm d -1 P range. This is the P range of most interest for CLASIC clouds. Recycling Method Peter J. Lamb 1,2 , Diane H. Portis 1 , Avraham Zangvil 3 Source: Climate Prediction Center CPC Leaky Bucket Model
Transcript of InvestigationofSouthernGreatPlainsAtmosphericMoistureBudge ... · 0 4 8 1 2 2006P 2006PE/PvsE P E /...
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2006 P
2006 PE/P vs E
P E/P
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d-1)
0.0
0.2
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mm
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2006 PE/P vs IF/A
012
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48IF
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SWATS Volumetric Soil Water at 5cm - Lamont, OK
x
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m-3
0.24
0.28
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05/02 05/11 05/16 05/21 05/26 05/31 06/05 06/10 06/15 06/20 06/25 06/3005/06
05/02 05/11 05/16 05/21 05/26 05/31 06/05 06/10 06/15 06/20 06/25 06/3005/06
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Variation of P, Recycling and Soil Moisture on a Daily Timescale
Source:Climate Prediction CenterGridded Rain Gauge Analysis
Investigation of Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Moisture Budget for CLASIC
1Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, 2School of Meteorology, The University of Oklahoma,3Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
CLASIC Campaign SummaryMotivations
Record Breaking Rainfall during CLASIC
SM > 60 cm
40 cm < SM < 50 cm
30 cm < SM < 40 cm
20 cm < SM < 30 cm
SM < 20 cm
50 cm < SM < 60 cm
5/02 5/20 5/30 6/10 6/20 6/305/10
010
020
030
0 May-June 2006
mm
010
020
030
0
5/02 5/20 5/30 6/10 6/20 6/305/10
mm
May-June 2007
Cumulative Precipitation
Soil Moisture
June 2007 June 2006
CLASICACRF SGP Region
Moisture BudgetStudy Region
MJ MJ MJ MJ 8 2 6 7-4-2
02
46
E1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean
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d-1
MJ MJ MJ MJ 8 2 6 7-4-2
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P1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean
MJ MJ MJ MJ 8 2 6 7-4-2
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E-P1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean
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MJ MJ MJ MJ 8 2 6 7
-4-2
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HA1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean
MJ MJ MJ MJ 8 2 6 7-4-2
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HD1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean
MJ MJ MJ MJ 8 2 6 7-4-2
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MFD1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean
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PE/P1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean
MJ MJ MJ MJ 8 2 6 7-4-2
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E1998 2002 2006 2007 Mean
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Monthly Mean Moisture BudgetMay-June 1998, 2002, 2006, 2007
Characteristics of Daily Recyclingwithin Precipitation Categories
Outflow(OF/A)
E P Inflow(IF/A)
PPE =
AIF
E
E
+Plocal + advective
Plocal =
whereE is the local source of moistureIF/A is the advective source of moisture
Based on this Tank Model, our recycling ratio is:
dPWA
IF
A
OFPE +-=-
Bulk formula for the moisture budget has 4 bound-ary fluxes (E, P, OF/A and IF/A):
Recycling on a Monthly Timescale
Conventional Form of the Moisture Budget Equation:E-P = MFD +dPW= HA + HD +dPW
where E is evapotranspiration, P is precipitation, MFD is Moisture Flux Divergence with its compo-nents HA (horizontal moisture advection) and HD (horizontal velocity divergence in the presenceof moisture), dPW is atmospheric moisture storage (which is negligible on a monthly timescale).
Using the conventional form of the Moisture Budget Equation,one might assume that if E-P ~0 (or MFD ~0), then most of theprecipitation (P) originates from evapotranspiration (E).
Over the SGP, E-P ~0 (except for the extremely wet May-June 2007 and the very dry May 1998).
However, using the bulk form of the Moisture Budget above,the ratio of precipitation originating from evapotranspirationto the total precipitation (PE/P) is much less than 1.0.
2<P<4 mm d-1
0.6<P<2 mm d-1
P< 0.6 mm d-1
4<P<8 mm d-1
P>8 mm d-1
2<P<4 mm d-1
0.6<P<2 mm d-1
P< 0.6 mm d-1
4<P<8 mm d-1
P>8 mm d-1
0
E
2.84
3.21
3.73
3.80
4.16
0
IF/A
19.12
20.82
22.10
23.22
24.85
0
PE/P
0.152
0.155
0.187
0.163
0.150
0
SR
30.93
29.54
27.95
26.61
24.75
0.0
PE
0.03
0.18
0.54
0.93
1.78
0
# Cases
84
43
38
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P
P
Daily Mean Recycling and Related VariablesMay-June 1998, 2002, 2006, 2007
whereE is the local source of moisture (mm d-1); IF/A is the advective source of moisture (mm d-1)PE/P is the recycling ratio ; SR is the solar radiation (MJ m-2 d-1);PE is the recycled precipitation (mm d-1)
* Recycling ratio is maximized in the 2-4 mm d-1 P Category.
* Both E and IF/A increase with increasing P.
* Variation among the recycling related components on a dailytimescale is shown below for the dry year of 2006. The red boxindicates a period of very high recycling rates when advectedmoisture was low but there was still soil moisture available forevapotranspiration.
The Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign wasconducted over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) ARMClimate Research Facility during June 2007. One ofCLASIC’s primary goals is to “improve understandingof the physics of the early stages of cumulus cloud con-vection as it relates to land surface conditions”.
Our moisture budget analysis, conducted over an expandedregion surrounding the SGP for CLASIC and three other con-trasting May-June periods, provides a bulk approach for relatingcloud properties to larger-scale atmospheric conditions. Moisturebudget analysis is an important tool for studying land-atmosphereinteractions, since the linkages among atmospheric dynamics,water vapor, surface conditions, and precipitation are constrainedby the moisture continuity equation.
O ver t he SG P , E ( E v apo t r a n s p i r a t i o n ) = ~P(Precipitation) for many monthly means. However, thisdoes not imply that E is the main moisture source formonthly P.On a daily timescale, the recycling ratio (PE/P) is maxi-
mized in the 2-4 mm d-1 P range. This is the P range ofmost interest for CLASIC clouds.
Recycling Method
Peter J. Lamb1,2, Diane H. Portis1, Avraham Zangvil3
Source:Climate Prediction CenterCPC Leaky Bucket Model
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