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Liceo de Apodaca

Miguel Leon Tavizn

Electricity

December 18th 2012

7A Italy #11

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INDEX

Electricity

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Types of electrical activities.2

Electrical phenomena..3

History4

Conclusion..5

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ELECTRICITY

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow ofelectriccharge. Electricity gives a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, staticelectricity, electromagnetic induction and the flow ofelectrical current. In addition,electricity permits the creation and reception ofelectromagnetic radiation such as radiowaves.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_inductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_inductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge

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TYPES OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITIES

electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines theirelectromagnetic interactions. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, andproduces, electromagnetic fields.

electric current: a movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typicallymeasured in amperes.

electric field: an especially simple type of electromagnetic field produced by anelectric charge even when it is not moving. The electric field produces a force onother charges in its vicinity. Moving charges additionally produce a magneticfield.

electric potential: the capacity of an electric field to do work on an electriccharge, typically measured in volts.

electromagnets: electrical currents generate magnetic fields, and changing

magnetic fields generate electrical currentsIn electrical engineering, electricity is used for: electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical

components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits,and associated passive interconnection technologies.

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ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA

Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though advances in the

science were not made until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Practical

applications for electricity however remained few, and it would not be until the late

nineteenth century that engineers were able to put it to industrial and residential

use. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry

and society. Electricity's extraordinary versatility as a means of providing energy

means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which includetransport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation.

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HISTORY

Long before any knowledge of electricity existed people were aware of shocks from electricfish.Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BC referred to these fish as the "Thundererof the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish wereagain reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman andArabic naturalists andphysicians.[2] Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elderand Scribonius Largus,attested to the numbing effect ofelectric shocks delivered by catfish and torpedo rays, andknew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects.[3] Patients suffering fromailments such as gout orheadache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the

powerful jolt might cure them.

[4] Possibly the earliest and nearest approach to thediscovery of the identity oflightning, and electricity from any other source, is to beattributed to the Arabs, who before the 15th century had theArabic word for lightning(raad) applied to the electric ray.[5]

Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods ofamber,could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletos made aseries of observations on static electricity around 600 BC, from which he believed thatfriction rendered ambermagnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed

no rubbing.[6][7] Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magneticeffect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. Accordingto a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge ofelectroplating, basedon the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though itis uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature.[8]

Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research on electricity in the 18th century, asdocumented by Joseph Priestley (1767) History and Present Status of Electricity, withwhom Franklin carried on extended correspondence.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2750_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_geographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliny_the_Elderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribonius_Largushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_shockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_catfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thales_of_Miletoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroplatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Priestleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Priestleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Batteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroplatinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thales_of_Miletoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thales_of_Miletoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_catfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_shockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribonius_Largushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribonius_Largushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribonius_Largushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliny_the_Elderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_geographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2750_BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_fish

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Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when theEnglish scientist William Gilbert made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishingthe lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber.[6] He coined the New Latinword electricus("of amber" or "like amber", from [elektron], the Greek word for"amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed.[9] This associationgave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance inprint in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemicaof 1646.[10]

Further work was conducted by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Inthe 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling hispossessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to thebottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky.[11] A succession ofsparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electricalin nature.[12] He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jaras a devicefor storing large amounts of electrical charge.

Michael Faraday formed the foundation of electric motor technology

In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery ofbioelectricity, demonstrating that electricity was themedium by which nerve cells passed signals to the muscles.[13]Alessandro Volta's battery, orvoltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with amore reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used.[13] Therecognition ofelectromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to HansChristian rsted and Andr-Marie Ampre in 1819-1820; Michael Faraday invented the electricmotorin 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricityand magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his"On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862.

While it had been the early 19th century that had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late19th centurywould see the greatest progress inelectrical engineering. Through such people asNikola Tesla, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Thomas Edison, Ott Blthy, nyos Jedlik, SirCharles Parsons, Joseph Swan, George Westinghouse, Ernst Werner von Siemens, AlexanderGraham Bell and Lord Kelvin, electricity was turned from a scientific curiosity into an essentialtool for modern life, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gilbert_(astronomer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodestonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Brownehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudodoxia_Epidemicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Guerickehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Boylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gray_(scientist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._F._du_Fayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyden_jarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faradayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Galvanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Voltahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaic_pilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faradayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Teslahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Ferrarishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Heavisidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ott%C3%B3_Bl%C3%A1thyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ott%C3%B3_Bl%C3%A1thyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Teslahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Ferrarishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Heavisidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ott%C3%B3_Bl%C3%A1thyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ott%C3%B3_Bl%C3%A1thyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ott%C3%B3_Bl%C3%A1thyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ott%C3%B3_Bl%C3%A1thyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Heavisidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Ferrarishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Teslahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faradayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaic_pilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Voltahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Galvanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faradayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyden_jarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._F._du_Fayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gray_(scientist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Boylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Guerickehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudodoxia_Epidemicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudodoxia_Epidemicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudodoxia_Epidemicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Brownehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodestonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gilbert_(astronomer)

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CONCLUSION

Electricity is useful in your life. Thanks toBenjamin Franklin ,our life is to much better.There are many types of electrical activities

that we can use for our life. One thing thatelectricity give to us is light.

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