Investigating the practical relationship between GIS and BIM; then relating that to a 3D

cadastre.

J. Gabriel van Wyk, Johan Nel

• So exactly what is BIM?

• Available BIM offerings in the market

• Traditional CAD / GIS

• How does BIM relate to CAD

• How does BIM relate to GIS

• Does it replace them xxx

• What does it do for spatial practitioners?

• 3D scanners -> BIM & GIS

• 3D Photography

• Should BIM tools also become a standard part of the repertoire of tools used by the Spatial Practitioners?

• Finally can we leverage a combination of these tools to deliver a better service and understanding of 3D cadastres?

– BIM better for 3D cadastre…

Overview

• Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. A building information model is a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition.

BIM a definition the

The National Building Information Model Standard Project Committee

These are the people who develop the standards for BIM

Standards for BIM-Geospatial integration

• Several standardization initiatives are ongoing – ISO BIM-GIS Ad Hoc Group – OGC-buildingSMART alliance partnership – InfraBIM project to extend Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for

infrastructure • Roads / Railways / Bridges / Tunnels / Dams

– There is a joint project to develop conceptual schema of alignments of InfraGML and IFC

– There is also an initiative to generate CityGML and IndoorGML from IFC. – The V-Con project is designed to enable Dutch and Swedish traffic

authorities to use BIM for the whole life cycle of roads and railways.

Building Information Management (BIM)

Planning

Conceptual Design

Detailed Design

Logistics & Fabrication

Construction

Operation & Maintenance

Renovation

Analysis

Reporting &

Documentation

Some History

1974 1994 1995 1997 1999 1980

• Early Concepts in scientific discussions • Autodesk invites USA industry players to discuss ‘integration classes’ to improve

software interoperability • Formation of Industry Alliance for Interoperability with open membership • Alliance changed its name to the International Alliance for Interoperability • Publication of Industry Foundation Classes IFC 1.0 & 1.5 • Publication of IFC 2.0

1986

• First time the term Building Information Model (BIM) appears in a publication • Formation of STEP (Standards for the Exchange of Product Model Data) Effort

driven by ISO to facilitate cross industry interoperability

More History

2006 2007 2013

Release of IFC2x2 Addendum 1 Release of IFC2x3 Release of ifcXML2x3 • Release of IFC4

2005

The International Alliance for Interoperability changes its name to buildingSMART.

2004

BIM <-> GIS relationship

BIM GIS

Accessible Object Attribution Accessible Object Attribution

Attributes relate to Model Attributes relate to real world

Default 3D Views Default 2D Views

Inflexible Data Model Highly flexible Data Model

Standards Body: buildingSMART Standards Body: OGC

Narrowly Focused (Buildings) Generic Spatial Focus

SILO centric Centralised Database

Full 3D Geometry Data 2D or 2.5 D Geometry Data

BIM Interoperability BIM is about Interoperability

Project Management

Ind

ust

ry F

ou

nd

atio

n C

lass

es

City Models

Asset Management Systems

Facilities Management Systems

Generic Visualisation

Specialisation Tools

Virtual Analysis

Generic Design GIS

BIM in Practice

• More about PROCESS than MODEL • Modular Software

– Generic Design – Best of Breed Modules

• Focus on Contained Models / Groups of models / Highly Detailed

• IFC out more common than round-trip integration

• Allows Integrated models (X-Ref) • “Integrated” Silo models 1 Model = 1 Data

schema

IFC

?

• “BIM is a process, uses technology

– BIM starts with design, drives construction and then facilitates maintenance

– BIM includes graphics, because appearance is important.

– BIM incorporates building objects containing geometry and properties in the form of structured information.

– There are different types of objects describing buildings including functional (doors and windows), physical (beams), logical (90 degree angles), and abstract objects (rooms).

– BIM also includes objects describing process including schedules, resources, costs, quality assurance, tasks, work, approvals, RFI's and submittals.

• Perhaps the simplest way to summarize BIM is that it is about sharing.

• BIM is open, structured, semantic, and standard information. ”

• http://geospatial.blogs.com/geospatial/2014/06/standards-for-the-convergence-of-bim-3d-and-geospatial.html

Standards for the convergence of BIM, 3D and geospatial GEOFF ZEISS

Where is the “Single Source of Truth”

• Most available BIM software is Database centric. However, also Project centric – each model is a Silo of data.

– Object ID’s are unique within models

– NOT across different BIM models

Where is the “Single Source of Truth”

• Need to provide wider contextual identification

• FM or GIS offers

– possibilities to take absolute control of the “Single Source of Truth”.

– Soften the discord with an “Integrated Silo” model.

BIM and the Geospatial Practitioner

• BIM allows Geospatial Practitioner to include more tools seamlessly into their repertoire

• Some examples

BIM and Work-as-Executed

• Some of the BIGGEST examples of wasted effort in the Geo-Spatial industry: – BIM models are created with minute detail – After construction As-Built drawings are updated and generally submitted to

councils or other authorities as paper or PDF – GIS operators then interprets and recaptures the data – in GIS centric format /

structures

• BIM advantage – Update the BIM models, then update GIS using controlled automation. (Depends

on two-way integration) – No Double handling – Less Operator error

Working with Point Clouds

• Untapped Point Cloud potential

• Few traditional GIS platforms can truly handle point clouds with billions of points

• Some BIM compliant tools offer advanced classification and model automation. Integration with BIM enables transfer of salient data.

IFC

Specialisation Tools GIS

3D Photography

• Photo Models – Stitching photos together and generating small models – These can be linked into the BIM or GIS

• Identify Details of Assets, & Asset attribution • Model Confined spaces

– Link in GIS – Review before sending humans in

• Confined Spaces • Concreted Spaces • Source: YouTube ID = nbmZLrPR4lU

3D Cadastres

3D Cadastres

• BIM is NOT for a seamless cadastre. (Remember Database centric Silos…)

• BIM can be a useful tool for

– Strata plan designs

– Strata plan clash detection

• Cadastral data best handled in a Spatial Database

– With Dimensioning or not

– Resource for Cadastral Surveyors

3D Cadastres

• 3D cadastral elements requires accuracy relative to boundaries

• Easy visualisation of

– Common Property Strata Plan

– Subterranean Strata Lots

– Lots for future upwards expansion

– Vertical easements

Conclusion

• BIM is an important tool for Geospatial professionals

• BIM will not replace GIS

– (Not Yet)

• The Industry Foundation Classes enables practical integration

Credits

• Ian Harper – Geodata Australia • Peter Swan – Spatial Information Group • http://pointclouds.org/ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbmZLrPR4lU • http://autodesk.com • http://trimble.com • Http://Bentley.com • http://www.safe.com/webinar/bim-and-gis-integration/ • http://www.rtvtools.com/product/rtv-xporter-pro/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBie