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![Page 1: Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Turbines Presented by KHALED ALGHADHBAN Chalmers University of Technology School.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b6b7f8b9ab0599b35d5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Investigating the Impact of Removing the Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Undervoltage Protection for Wind
TurbinesTurbinesPresented byPresented by
KHALED ALGHADHBANKHALED ALGHADHBAN
Chalmers University of TechnologyChalmers University of Technology
School of Electric Power EngineeringSchool of Electric Power Engineering
GGööteborg, Sweden 2003teborg, Sweden 2003
NORPIE 2004NORPIE 2004
Trondheim, NorwayTrondheim, Norway
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OUTLINEOUTLINE
ConclusionConclusion
Case StudiesCase Studies
IntroductionIntroduction
Generator Protection OverviewGenerator Protection Overview
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IntroductionIntroductionbackgroundbackground
The standard size has increased from 20 kW to 2 The standard size has increased from 20 kW to 2 MW. MW. The production cost: wind =coal based on The production cost: wind =coal based on condensationcondensation
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IntroductionIntroductionbackgroundbackground
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 19990
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Dan
ish
KK
/kW
h
Year
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IntroductionIntroductionbackgroundbackground
24 GW of wind turbines in Europe make utilities 24 GW of wind turbines in Europe make utilities concerned about voltage dipsconcerned about voltage dips
It is required and essential to disconnect the wind It is required and essential to disconnect the wind turbine for serious grid faultsturbine for serious grid faults
whenever possible, the turbine should stay onlinewhenever possible, the turbine should stay online
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IntroductionIntroductionbackgroundbackground
The wind turbine undervoltage setting up to now in The wind turbine undervoltage setting up to now in Sweden is 85% for 0.5 seconds.Sweden is 85% for 0.5 seconds.
ok for few turbines, serious if 100 MW of wind ok for few turbines, serious if 100 MW of wind production is lost, then could lead to voltage collapse.production is lost, then could lead to voltage collapse.
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IntroductionIntroductionPurpose of PaperPurpose of Paper
Not tripping for undervoltage does not damage the Not tripping for undervoltage does not damage the wind turbine generator in itself, an idea is to trip only wind turbine generator in itself, an idea is to trip only for overcurrent and overspeed.for overcurrent and overspeed. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact on a The purpose of this paper is to study the impact on a small grid as well as for the wind turbines if the small grid as well as for the wind turbines if the undervoltage protection is removed and the protection undervoltage protection is removed and the protection function is taken over by overspeed and overcurrent function is taken over by overspeed and overcurrent protections.protections.
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Generator Protection Overview
Protection FunctionProtection Function Trip Value (setting)Trip Value (setting)
FrequencyFrequency Low= 47.5 HzLow= 47.5 HzHigh= 51 HzHigh= 51 Hz
OvervoltageOvervoltage High1= 110%High1= 110%High2= 125%High2= 125%
OverspeedOverspeed @ 110% of nominal speed@ 110% of nominal speed
UndervoltageUndervoltage Low1= 360 V @ 60 seconds Low1= 360 V @ 60 seconds delaydelayLow2= 337 V @ 0.5 seconds Low2= 337 V @ 0.5 seconds delaydelay
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Generator Protection OverviewGenerator Protection Overview Overcurrent (Inverse time)Overcurrent (Inverse time)
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Case Studies using SIMPOW®Case Studies using SIMPOW®
First CaseFirst Case: 70% Voltage Dip : 70% Voltage Dip on Utility Bus with 600ms on Utility Bus with 600ms DurationDuration
Second CaseSecond Case: Different : Different Voltage Dips with Different Voltage Dips with Different DurationsDurations
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Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (Voltage Dip at Utility bus)First Case (Voltage Dip at Utility bus)
G GG G
UTILITYSWING BUS
B
B
B
B
SMALL TRANSMISSION LINE
30.0 KV
10.8 KV
10.8 KV10.8 KV
B B
0.69 KV 0.69 KV 0.69 KV0.69 KV
TRANBUS
DISBUS
LOAD1LOAD2
G1BUSG2BUSG3BUSG4BUS
Voltage Dip Here
MeasurementsMeasurements
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Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (High Wind)First Case (High Wind)
Existing Settings (with undervoltage protection)Existing Settings (with undervoltage protection)
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Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (High Wind)First Case (High Wind)
Existing Settings (with undervoltage protection)Existing Settings (with undervoltage protection)
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Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (High Wind)First Case (High Wind)
Existing Settings (with undervoltage protection)Existing Settings (with undervoltage protection)
![Page 15: Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Turbines Presented by KHALED ALGHADHBAN Chalmers University of Technology School.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b6b7f8b9ab0599b35d5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (High Wind)First Case (High Wind)
Existing Settings (with undervoltage protection)Existing Settings (with undervoltage protection)
![Page 16: Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Turbines Presented by KHALED ALGHADHBAN Chalmers University of Technology School.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b6b7f8b9ab0599b35d5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (High Wind)First Case (High Wind)
New Settings (Without Undervoltage protection)New Settings (Without Undervoltage protection)
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Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (High Wind)First Case (High Wind)
New Settings (Without Undervoltage protection)New Settings (Without Undervoltage protection)
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Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (High Wind)First Case (High Wind)
New Settings (Without Undervoltage protection)New Settings (Without Undervoltage protection)
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Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (High Wind)First Case (High Wind)
New Settings (Without Undervoltage protection)New Settings (Without Undervoltage protection)
![Page 20: Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Turbines Presented by KHALED ALGHADHBAN Chalmers University of Technology School.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b6b7f8b9ab0599b35d5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (Low Wind)First Case (Low Wind)
Existing Settings (with Undervoltage Protection)Existing Settings (with Undervoltage Protection)
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Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (Low Wind)First Case (Low Wind)
Existing Settings (with Undervoltage Protection)Existing Settings (with Undervoltage Protection)
![Page 22: Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Turbines Presented by KHALED ALGHADHBAN Chalmers University of Technology School.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b6b7f8b9ab0599b35d5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (Low Wind)First Case (Low Wind)
Existing Settings (with Undervoltage Protection)Existing Settings (with Undervoltage Protection)
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Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (Low Wind)First Case (Low Wind)
Existing Settings (with Undervoltage Protection)Existing Settings (with Undervoltage Protection)
![Page 24: Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Turbines Presented by KHALED ALGHADHBAN Chalmers University of Technology School.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b6b7f8b9ab0599b35d5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (Low Wind)First Case (Low Wind)
New Settings (without Undervoltage Protection)New Settings (without Undervoltage Protection)
![Page 25: Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Turbines Presented by KHALED ALGHADHBAN Chalmers University of Technology School.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b6b7f8b9ab0599b35d5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (Low Wind)First Case (Low Wind)
New Settings (without Undervoltage Protection)New Settings (without Undervoltage Protection)
![Page 26: Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Turbines Presented by KHALED ALGHADHBAN Chalmers University of Technology School.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b6b7f8b9ab0599b35d5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (Low Wind)First Case (Low Wind)
New Settings (without Undervoltage Protection)New Settings (without Undervoltage Protection)
![Page 27: Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Turbines Presented by KHALED ALGHADHBAN Chalmers University of Technology School.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b6b7f8b9ab0599b35d5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Case StudiesCase StudiesFirst Case (Low Wind)First Case (Low Wind)
New Settings (without Undervoltage Protection)New Settings (without Undervoltage Protection)
![Page 28: Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Turbines Presented by KHALED ALGHADHBAN Chalmers University of Technology School.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b6b7f8b9ab0599b35d5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Case StudiesCase StudiesSecond CaseSecond Case
Different Voltage Dips with Different Voltage Dips with Different Durations Different Durations
High Wind SpeedHigh Wind SpeedLow Wind SpeedLow Wind Speed
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Case StudiesCase StudiesSecond Case (High Wind)Second Case (High Wind)
0.10.1 0.20.2 0.30.3 0.40.4 0.50.5 0.60.6 0.70.7 0.80.8 0.850.85
600ms600msTRIPPTRIPP YY YY YY YY NN NN NN NN NN
Peak QPeak Q w=1.05w=1.05 2.432.43 2.132.13 1.701.70 1.271.27 1.071.07
800ms800msTRIPPTRIPP YY YY YY YY YY NN NN NN NN
Peak QPeak Q W=1.06W=1.06 2.272.27 1.791.79 1.311.31 1.091.09
1000ms1000msTRIPPTRIPP YY YY YY YY YY NN NN NN NN
Peak QPeak Q W=1.13W=1.13 2.352.35 1.841.84 1.311.31 1.091.09
1500ms1500msTRIPPTRIPP YY YY YY YY YY YY NN NN NN
Peak QPeak Q W=1.08W=1.08 1.891.89 1.311.31 1.081.08
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Case StudiesCase StudiesSecond Case (High Wind)Second Case (High Wind)
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Case StudiesCase StudiesSecond Case (Low Wind)Second Case (Low Wind)
0.10.1 0.20.2 0.30.3 0.40.4 0.50.5 0.60.6 0.70.7 0.80.8 0.850.85
600ms600ms
TRIPPTRIPP NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN
Peak QPeak Q 2.662.66 2.492.49 2.292.29 2.092.09 1.881.88 1.621.62 1.311.31 0.990.99 0.820.82
Max PMax P 0.620.62 0.570.57 0.560.56 0.540.54 0.530.53 0.450.45 0.290.29 0.270.27 0.250.25
800ms800ms
TRIPPTRIPP NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN
Peak QPeak Q 2.682.68 2.532.53 2.322.32 2.122.12 1.891.89 1.621.62 1.331.33 1.001.00 0.820.82
Max PMax P 0.620.62 0.620.62 0.490.49 0.530.53 0.560.56 0.390.39 0.360.36 0.280.28 0.220.22
1000ms1000ms
TRIPPTRIPP NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN
Peak QPeak Q 2.682.68 2.542.54 2.332.33 2.132.13 1.891.89 1.621.62 1.331.33 0.990.99 0.820.82
Max PMax P 0.690.69 0.730.73 0.580.58 0.620.62 0.540.54 0.430.43 0.330.33 0.280.28 0.240.24
1500ms1500ms
TRIPPTRIPP NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN NN
Peak QPeak Q 2.692.69 2.542.54 2.372.37 2.122.12 1.891.89 1.621.62 1.321.32 1.001.00 0.820.82
Max PMax P 0.820.82 0.660.66 0.750.75 0.550.55 0.520.52 0.430.43 0.320.32 0.280.28 0.230.23
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ConclusionConclusion Tripping for undervoltage for a wind turbine can be safely Tripping for undervoltage for a wind turbine can be safely
avoided and thus unnecessary loss of wind power production avoided and thus unnecessary loss of wind power production can be avoided.can be avoided.
Overcurrent and overspeed protection can take over the Overcurrent and overspeed protection can take over the undervoltage function.undervoltage function.
At low wind speeds hardly any dips caused the turbine to At low wind speeds hardly any dips caused the turbine to trip if the undervoltage protection was removed. For high trip if the undervoltage protection was removed. For high wind speeds, the overcurrent protection tripped the turbine wind speeds, the overcurrent protection tripped the turbine for dips lower than 40-60% depending on the dip magnitude. for dips lower than 40-60% depending on the dip magnitude. Using a 10% overspeed limit, generally made the overcurrent Using a 10% overspeed limit, generally made the overcurrent to trip before the overspeed.to trip before the overspeed.
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QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
Presented byPresented byKHALED ALGHADHBANKHALED ALGHADHBAN
Investigating the Impact of Removing the Investigating the Impact of Removing the Undervoltage Protection for Wind Undervoltage Protection for Wind
TurbinesTurbines