Investigating short term effects of elevated Carbon dioxide on … · 2019-02-12 · Total...
Transcript of Investigating short term effects of elevated Carbon dioxide on … · 2019-02-12 · Total...
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Investigating the effects of elevated Carbon dioxide on forest arthropods: One year of data from BIFoR FACE.
@Liam_M_Crowley@BIFoRUoB
Liam M. Crowley1, Jeremy Pritchard1, Jon P. Sadler2 and Scott A. L. Hayward1.
1 - School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.2 – School of Geography, Earth and Environmental sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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Insects and CO2
Insects are key players in ecosystem functioning.
Unclear how insects will respond to eCO2.
Insect responses could feedback and completely change forest performance – (Pugh et al., 2017).
Likely to be first responders.
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Are insects key drivers of change in woodland systems under climate change?
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SamplingCharacterisation of abundance, diversity and phenology
Spatial and temporal replication
Comprehensive, sensitive and robust
Minimising impact
Opportunity to compare and contrast method efficacy
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Pitfalltrapping
Malaisetrapping
Pan trapping
Understory beating
Canopy beating
Layer Ground layer Field layer Field layer Understory Canopy
Sampling period 1 week 24 hours 24 hours 30 seconds 30 second
Sampling interval
1 month 1 month 1 month 1 month 1 month
Number per array
2 1 1 x 3 1 1
The sampling programme
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Meteorological data
Sampling method Start time End time Window length
Pitfall 00:00 Day 1 23:59 Day 7 168 hours
Pan and malaise 00:00 Day 1 23:59 Day 2 48 hours
Beating 00:00 Day 1 23:59 Day 1 24 hours
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Results
Total arthropods sampled: 22,568.
24 Orders in Phylum: Arthropoda. 10869
2795
2643
1627
1020
847
737
574
488 291 290 135 78 49 29 16 9
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Pitfall 7 day
0
200
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800
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1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Tota
l nu
mb
er o
f ar
thro
po
ds
sam
ple
d
Month
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
Thro
ugh
fall
(mm
)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
)Month
*Mean temp -> p=0.0031
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Malaise and pan trap 48 hour
0
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1000
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2000
2500
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Tota
l nu
mb
er o
f ar
thro
po
ds
sam
ple
d
Month
Pan Malaise
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
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6.00
7.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
Thro
ugh
fall
(mm
)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
)Month
*Mean temp -> p=0.000745
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0
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April May June July August September October
Tota
l nu
mb
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f ar
thro
po
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sam
ple
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Month
Canopy Understory
Beating
0.00
1.00
2.00
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4.00
5.00
6.00
0.00
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April May June July August September October
Thro
ugh
fall
(mm
)
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
)Month
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Sample composition
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Diptera
Hymenoptera
Collembola
Lepidoptera
Hemiptera
Coleoptera
Araneae
Pscoptera
Opiliones
Other
Total individuals sampled
Malaise
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Araneae
Hemiptera
Hymenoptera
Pscoptera
Diptera
Opiliones
Collembola
Coleoptera
Lepidoptera
Other
Total individuals sampled
Beating
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Diptera
Coleoptera
Acari
Collembola
Opiliones
Diplopoda
Araneae
Isopoda
Hymenoptera
Other
Total individuals sampled
Pitfall
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
DipteraHymenoptera
HempiteraCollembolaColeoptera
AraneaeLepidoptera
OpilionesThysanoptera
Other
Total individuals sampled
Pan
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Treatment vs control (Malaise)
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April June July August September October November December January
Mea
n n
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of
arth
rop
od
sTreatment Control
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Layer comparison
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April May June July August September October
Mea
n n
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ber
of
arth
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od
s
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Canopy vs Understory Canopy Understory
t = 3.87, p = 0.0083
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Layer comparison
0
0.5
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1.5
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4
4.5
5
April May June July August September October
Sim
pso
ns
ind
ex
Month
Simpson's index
Canopy Understory
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
April May June July August September October
Shan
no
n-W
ien
er in
dex
Month
Shannon-Wiener index
Canopy Understory-
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-
-
-
-
t = 1.8494, p = 0.1139 t = -2.2157, p = 0.0686
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Phenology is key
Temp>rain
Certain Orders dominate.
Mature forest takes time to change.
Canopy is important!
Conclusions
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Thanks for listening!
Any questions?
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0
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March April May June July August September October November December January
Mea
n n
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Month
Kruskal Wallis -> χ2 = 6.3765, p = 0.04124
Dunn post hoc test -> Blue-White – p = 0.2970
Pan trap colour