Investigating changes along the East-West Economic...
Transcript of Investigating changes along the East-West Economic...
Investigating land-use/cover changes along the East-West Economic Corridor
in Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand
Stephen Leisz, PI (Colorado State University)
Ngo The An, Co-I (Hanoi University of Agriculture) Andreas Heinimann, Co-I (Bern University)
A. Terry Rambo, Collaborator
Acknowledgements
University of Bern: Cornelia Hett, Kaspar Hurni
Khon Kaen University: Pat Phumchantuck
Funding: NASA Land-Cover / Land-Use Change Program
Objective
• Research question: what, if any, is the impact of improved transportation routes on land-use/land-cover change. – Has land-use/cover change taken place within the
corridor?
– Has urbanization taken place? What is the nature of urbanization (extension of already urban areas or rural urbanization)?
– Are cross-border “teleconnections” evident in the corridor?
Study Area: The East West Economic Corridor from Khon
Kaen, Thailand to Da Nang, Vietnam
• Initiated in 1992
• Objective: improve the regions connectivity and key sectors of the economy through improving the transportation infrastructure
• Funded by ADB, Japan, local countries
Khon Kaen
Dong Ha, Quang Tri
Hue
Da Nang
Sanannakhet
Upgrades and extension of the EWEC
Background
• Central Vietnam – Poorest region of the
country
– Two historical urban areas • Hue – ancient capitol
• Da Nang – 3rd largest city
– Deep water port
– Dynamic city government
– New urban area:
Dong Ha, Quang Tri Province
• Southern Laos:
– One of poorest regions of Laos
– Largest urban area Savannakhet
– Lacking infrastructure and connectivity to other parts of SE Asia
• Northeast Thailand:
– Poorest region of Thailand
– Poor agriculture potential
– Not well connected to Bangkok
– Largest urban area: Khon Kaen
Methods • Land-use/cover change
analysis – Hypertemporal analysis of
MODIS EVI 16 day composite data from 2002 to 2014 to identify areas of recent change
– Landsat TM and ETM+ multi-date analysis to explore: • Details of recent changes • Longer change trends (1980s
to present)
– High resolution image analysis • Ground truth for medium
resolution data • Evidence to support changes
“Hypertemporal” MODIS EVI data July 2002 to February 2014 – 262 scenes
(100 km buffer around EWEC)
Methods cont’d
• Fieldwork
– Ground truth data collection
– Interviews with province and district officials
• Impact of EWEC
• Recent changes – drivers of those changes
– Village/commune level research
• Livelihood systems
• EWEC
• Recent changes
Results
• EWEC Impacts to date – Transportation
infrastructure upgraded
– Increased tourism from Thailand to Laos and Vietnam
– Slight increase in exports (reported 4% to 5% increase from Thailand, little from Laos)
Indications of Land-Cover Change
• Hypertemporal analysis – Identified areas of
change
– Evidence of urban expansion from 2006
– Evidence of rural urbanization since 2006 (especially along transportation routes)
Examples of Hypertemporal EVI Analysis
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Areas of no change
Indications of recent change
Indications of change in last 7 years
Changes in Urban Areas
• Da Nang
– Expansion of residential areas
– Infilling of urban areas
– New industrial zones
– Expansion of tourism infrastructure
– Only 2 rural districts left (out of 7)
• Hue – Urban growth in last
decade – Infilling of urban areas – Expansion of city – Tourism driven – Industrial zones not as
successful as in Da Nang
Thue-Tien Hue Province
• Dong Ha, Quang Tri Province
– Quang Tri town expanded
– Dong Ha newly constructed in last decade
– Evidence of rural urbanization within Quang Tri
Rural Urbanization
• Areas in special economic zone between Laos and Vietnam and village areas along major highways in corridor showing evidence of urban like growth (infrastructure development, change in the orientation of livelihood activities)
Southern, Laos
• Savannakhet has grown – evidence it is further expanding
• Profited from ‘Friendship bridge’
• Increased tourism
• New university
Northeast Thailand
– Undergoing rapid changes from rural focus to urban
– Regions land-use staying the same; land-cover transitioning to greater tree cover
– People focusing on ‘urban type’ livelihoods
– Most recently some FDI industries relocating from Bangkok
Conclusion • Indications of LCLUC in the
corridor
• Indications of urban growth
• Indications of rural urbanization
• EWEC has increased connectivity between countries
• Further LCLUC analysis informed by fieldwork will help clarify these initial conclusions
Driving on the EWEC
Appendix
• Hypertemporal analysis – Unsupervised clustering (K-means) of the image into
59 clusters
– Harmonic analysis; looking for clusters where significant decrease in EVI from one year to next
– These are areas of change
– Compared these areas to high resolution imagery
– Busted apart these clusters and reclassified them
– Final output shows areas in urban and rural areas where EVI decreased or stayed the same or increased