INVENTORY OF FIXTURESOF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT

IN COTE D’IVOIREBy Mrs. AFFOLABY Sawadogo Saana

Technical Advisor in charge of the environmental infrastructures

SUMMARYSUMMARY

PART I- GENERAL

I.1 INTRODUCTION

I.2 BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION

PART II- DIAGNOSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION

II.1- INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATIONAL ASPECTS

II.2- TECHNICAL ASPECTS

II.3- FINANCIAL ASPECTS

CONCLUSION

WEST AFRICA

COTE D’IVOIRE

COTE D’IVOIRECote d’Ivoire - Surface: 322 462 km² * Population: 20 579 429 * Density: 63.94 inhabitants/km2

Abidjan - Surface: 2119 km² (0.6%) * Population : 5 878 609 (28.6%) * Density: 95.7 inhabitants/km2

•1960 (independence) to 1999: one of Africa's most stable and prosperous countries.

•1999: General Robert Guei led a military coup that overthrew the government of Henri Konan Bedié.

•2000: Laurent Gbagbo win the presidential election.

•September 2002: a full-scale rebellion cut the country in two part, north and south.

•January 2003: creation of a new government of national reconciliation with power shared between northern-based rebels and the southern government leadership.

•Since 2005: Presidential elections have been repeatedly delayed.

•Agriculture: the base of the Ivorian economy

•An economy easily accessible to foreign investors

•Transport: Privatization underway

•The Industrial sector

•Economic Infrastructures, assets for sustainable development

•Mines and Energy, the second mainstay of the economy

•Maintain the growth rate around 6%

•Promotion of foreign investment

•One million tourists in 2005

PART I- GENERALPART I- GENERAL

I.1- INTRODUCTION

• The sustainable management of urban waste remains at the heart of the concerns of the Ivorian political authorities with regard to health and environmental impacts on the lives of people.

• On a point of seen systemic, the waste management concerns several players that can be categorized into five categories: consumers, local authorities, economic operators, professionals in the waste sector and the State.

• In a context where wastes are increasingly considered as exploitable resources, pure and simple evacuation as exclusive mode disposal deserves to be questioned or reviewed.

PART I- GENERALPART I- GENERAL

I.2- BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION

• The Ivorian constitution stipulates in article 19: "Every citizen the right to a healthy environment".

• Since February 2010, Ministry of Youth and Sports and Urban Sanitary (MJSSU) have in charge the management of all types of waste urban.

• This transfer of skills, in socio-political crisis, did not give the desired results. Thus the unhealthy condition has increased in all the cities in the country with an average waste removal rate barely exceeding 40%.

PART II- DIAGNOSTIC OF THE PRESENT SITUATION

II.1- INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATIONAL ASPECTS 

II.1.1-Institutional framework

 Urban solid waste management involves several administrative structures.

a. Ministry of Youth, Sports and Urban Sanitary (MJSSU)It is urban sanitary missions:

• The project ownership, the approval and the follow-up of the realization of the infrastructures of elimination of household waste, industrial waste in urban and suburban zones;

• The supervision and the follow-up of the management of household waste;

PART II- DIAGNOSTIC OF THE PRESENT SITUATION • The regulations and the control of the urban sanitary, in particular

in prevention of risks connected to the household and industrial waste;

• The participation in the elaboration of the regulations in public road networks and in the purification in urban zones;

• The prevention and the alerts in urban pollutions;

• The fight against the nuisances and the urban pollutions;

• The promotion of the cleanliness and the civic spirit in healthiness and in comfort of life in city;

• The creation and the follow-up of the management of a fund of support and a support for the programs of urban development and urban sanitary;

• The supervision of the economic actors of the sector;

• The exchange of experiences .

The MJSSU accomplishes this mission health through two structures:  

①.General Authority for Sanitary and Living Environment (DGSCV):

•Conceive master plans translating the vision of the Ministry in management of the urban healthiness; Start viable policies of sustainable development;

•Create the in particular abstract potential in term of forward-looking reflection to imagine mechanisms of management of the healthiness in our cities for the long term with the cooperation of technical services outer the Ministry;

•Coordinate the activities of the central Directions (Direction of the Operations of Urban Sanitary and Direction of the Prevention and the Living environment).

②.  National Agency of Urban Sanitary (ANASUR)

Public establishment to character industrial and commercial •The planning, the extension and the equipment of the infrastructures of US.;

•The project ownership delegated by any works of interview and of rehabilitation of said infrastructures;

•The assistance to communities, and the control of the companies working in sanitary sector, according to the reference terms such as defined by the exercise books of responsibilities;

•The execution of the urgent matters; the control of the Technical Capacities of the Operators of the Sector; the promotion and the Control of the U. S.;

•The control of the zones of discharge and the follow-up of the good conformity with the technical standards promulgated by nature and by destination and watch that they respect the sanitary standards;

•The management of the Fund of Financing of the Programs of U. S. (FFPSU).

b.Ministry of Environment, Waters and Forestrys

• The elaboration of laws and regulations in environment and in nature conservation, and followed by their application;

• The Follow-up of the management of the projects financed by the Global Environment Facility in contact with the other Ministries among which the Ministry of the Youth, Sports and the Urban Healthiness;

• The Control of the installations classified for the environmental protection;

• The Coordination of the risk management natural adults;

• The Intensification of the means and followed by the control of the industrial waste;

• The Supervision and followed by the management of the industrial, agricultural, toxic or dangerous waste, in contact with the concerned ministries.

①.  National Agency of Environment (ANDE)The ANDE is the gateway to the environmental assessment of the development projects in Côte d'Ivoire.②.  Antipollution Ivorian Center (CIAPOL)The CIAPOL controls and surveillance of the pollution of the aquatic and atmospheric circles. 

c.Ministry of Health and Public Heath (MSHP)The MSHP ensures implementation and monitoring of the Government of health and public health policy development include:• Preparation and follow-up of public hygiene regulations;

•The proposal and implementation  of incentive measures, encouragement or sanctions for populations, managers of local communities in the implementation of the operations of public health.

d. Others Ministries•Ministries of Construction, Urbanism and Housing environment (MCUH)•Ministry of Industry and Private Sector Promotion (MIPSP) •Ministry of Transportation•Ministry of the Interior

II.1.2-Regulatory framework

Statutory instruments in waste management consist of several conventions, laws and decrees:

•Convention of Basel;

•Convention of Bamako;

•Law n°96-766 of October 3rd, 1996 wearing Code of the Environment. This law in its Articles 26, 27, 28 and 60 defines the conditions of collection, treatment and elimination of the waste.

•Law N 2003-208 of July 07th, 2003: transfer the responsibility of the management of the urban waste is then a competence recognized by local authorities.

•Authorize N 2007-586 of October 04th, 2007. This prescription repeals the previous measures and confers to the National Agency of U. S. ( ANASUR) the management of the sector waste.

•II.2- TECHNICAL ASPECTS

II.2.1- Data on household waste

Republic of Côte d'Ivoire has to this day over 712 cities and towns

Table 1 : Wastes production per inhabitantTypes of locality Population Specific production

(g/capita/day)Abidjan 5 878 609 1,000Major cities 100,000 <>3,000,000 800Medium-sized cities 40,000 100,000 <> 750Small towns 10,000 40,000 <> 500Villages 2,000 10,000 <> 350Camps < 2 000 200

Characteristics of waste produced are reported in table 2.

Table 2 : waste composition

COMPONENT Abidjan Other communes

Organic 66,45 % 69,45 %

Plastic 6,99 % 5,49 %

Papers 6,66 % 5,16 %

Textiles 2,65 % 2,15 %

Metals 1,03 % 0,53 %

Glass 0,71 % 0,21 %

Inert material 15,51 % 17,01 %

Total 100 % 100 %

II.2.2- Household waste management in Abidjan

PRE-COLLECTION

COLLECTION AND

TRANSPORT VALUATION PROCESSING

Not built or poorly exploited grouping station

Informal structures and actors status

Equipment of fortune, inadequate to the needs and constraints of cities

Bad articulation between the pre - collection and other sequences in the sector

Circuits non - optimized

Removal rates 46.11 % (recommended rate: 90%)

Bounding box and allocation of evil collection areas made

Collecting non - controlled circuits

Improper removal rate

Little load appropriate and functional breakpoints

Materials used outdated, inadequate, generating high maintenance costs

Non - operated or informal

Non - formal intermediaries are different recycling eco

Step of genuine PEC or controlled landfill

Almost non-existent because burial is the only method of processing

Discharge of AKOUEDO evil operated collection non - controlled circuits

II.2.3- Household waste management in other cities

PRE-COLLECTION

COLLECTION AND

TRANSPORT VALUATION PROCESSING

Not grouping station

Informal structures and actors status

Makeshift equipment see nonexistent

Low rate tax household

Removal and disposal of waste within the exclusive of Commons

Licensed in some cities to private sector management

Non - operated or informal

No real controlled discharge

There is a wild landfills

Exists in Yamoussoukro a well controlled non - discharge as equipped a toggle bridge

II.2.4- Other waste types

WASTE TYPES COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT

TREATMENT AND RECOVERY

BULKY WASTE

Carcass’ car No systematic collection Wild on unoccupied land deposits

Sorting usable parts made on the premises of deposits

Carcasses are used largely for second-hand parts

Tires No collection They are thrown into the streets

Tires recovered by people are burned

Appliances There is no organization There is no organization

WASTE GREENS AND AGROPASTORAUX WASTE

Green waste Insufficiently organized in Abidjan Do not exist in the rest of the country

Nonexistent

Agro pastoral’ waste

There is no organization Nonexistent

Manure and manure are directly led to the discharge

Used agricultural plastic films (dangerous non-), packaging empty product phytosanitary (hazardous waste) and unused pesticides are directly led to discharge

There is no organization

SANITARY WASTE

Sanitary waste management remains very empirical

There are no health risks related to their handling control mechanism

They are mixed with other waste municipal at the time of the abduction

Basically principal (sorting, collection et treatment selective) are rarely applicated

Wastes are stored within the hospital in septic excavated on the ground and are periodically burnt

A few rare medical institutions have functional type De Montfort incinerators

INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Hazardous industrial waste are stored in storage areas, and mixed with other municipal waste at the time of removal

Within the country, this removal is paid by the municipal technical services

Untreated industrial wastes are sent to the municipal dump

Some industrial waste is recovered and recycled despite their dangerousness for health and the environment

II.3- FINANCIAL ASPECTS

II.3.1- Financing in Abidjan

•Between 2003 and 2007, the monthly costs of the financing of the collection and the transport in the District of Abidjan were CFAF 507,731,194 ($940,243).

•For period 2003-2007 the monthly amounts paid to the persons receiving providers were 207,418,396 FCFA ($384,108 ) is a gap of 300,312,798 FCFA ($556,134 ).

•Today with the advent of the MJSSU the financing of the sector (collection, transport and dumping) is within the competence of the National Agency of the U.S. through the FFPSU.

For year 2008 the budget expected was a budget of 16 billions ($29,629,630) for the financing of all the performances of U.S on the national territory.

II.3.2- Financing in the others cities

•The law no 81-1129 of December 30th, 1981, wearing financial regime of all the municipalities of Ivory Coast, imposes on the municipalities to allocate resources to the removal of household waste and to the cleaning of cities.

•The study of the administrative accounts of the municipalities indicates that 5 in 7 % a year of the operating budget are assigned to the removal of household waste whereas the small municipalities allocate only 1 % ; and 7 % in the cleaning and in the maintenance of the public road network.

•In the quasi-totality of cities, the budget planned for the management of the garbage is reduced to a subsidy by running intended for punctual operations. Sometimes, these operations have no report with the management of the waste.

•The recipes which should allow to have a consequent total budget are not generally planned.

CONCLUSIONThe management of waste in Abidjan and in other cities has the

following weaknesses:

• The pre-collection, recovery and recovery of solids, are not sufficiently taken into account;

• Used heavy equipment is often not suitable for the road of our cities which deteriorate prematurely;

• Commons technical capabilities are generally insufficient to manage their waste;

• Opportunities in the area of recovery and the recovery of waste are not exploited;

• Planning and implementation of actions to be carried out at national level is not taken into account because of the lack of legislative and regulatory texts relevant along with incentives.

Financing the sector faces the following main challenges:

•The heavy loads of investment and operation;

•The inadequacy of the resources on the prices of various benefits including the pre-collection, the collection, landfill, scanning and the cleaning of the gutters truth ;

•Lack of mobilization of additional resources, including's producer-paying and polluter pays principles.

Thus, the participation of the private sector is not effective due to a lack of appropriate contribution’s mechanism.

CONCLUSION

The MJSSU working to find solutions of all these problems:

1- The implementation of the national plan of urban sanitary

2- The stake in conformity of the laws and the regulations with the plan

3- In Abidjan, the waste management was granted to a joint company, capital of 1,000,000,000 CFA francs ($ 1,851,852); this company, which must enter into service during the year 2010, should be the solution to the problems of unhealthy condition of Abidjan.

4- The concession of the exploitation of a sanitary landfill

5- The rehabilitation of the former landfill with the treatment of the lixiviat and the electricity production by the exploitation of the biogas

6- The launch of international call for tender for the waste treatment to reach the threshold of zero burying

CONCLUSION