InventionInvention

By: Jason MarkowskiBy: Jason Markowski

The WheelThe Wheel

The Wheel is one of the most important The Wheel is one of the most important inventions ever.inventions ever.

The Wheel was invented in Mesopotamia about The Wheel was invented in Mesopotamia about 5,000 years ago.5,000 years ago.

At first the wheel was used to help make pottery At first the wheel was used to help make pottery easier and faster to make.easier and faster to make.

Before the wheel, early builders used rollers Before the wheel, early builders used rollers made from tree trunks to push huge objects.made from tree trunks to push huge objects.

The first wheels were solid, cut from section of The first wheels were solid, cut from section of wooden that were fastened together.wooden that were fastened together.

Potato ChipsPotato Chips

Potato chips are Americas favorite snack food. We spend Potato chips are Americas favorite snack food. We spend almost 4 billion dollars on the every year. But they were almost 4 billion dollars on the every year. But they were actually invented on accident!actually invented on accident!

A chef named George Crum worked in a restaurant in A chef named George Crum worked in a restaurant in Saratoga Springs, New York. One day in 1853 a customer Saratoga Springs, New York. One day in 1853 a customer kept sending his plate of fried potatoes back into their kept sending his plate of fried potatoes back into their kitchen asking for them to be sliced thinner and fried kitchen asking for them to be sliced thinner and fried longer. After a couple times George Crum lost his temper longer. After a couple times George Crum lost his temper and he wanted to get even with the customer. He sliced and he wanted to get even with the customer. He sliced the potatoes very thin, fried them till they were curly the potatoes very thin, fried them till they were curly crisps and salted them. He was positive the customer crisps and salted them. He was positive the customer would hate them so he delivered the potatoes to the would hate them so he delivered the potatoes to the diner’s table. To everyone’s surprise the diner enjoyed diner’s table. To everyone’s surprise the diner enjoyed them and asked for more.them and asked for more.

Telephone/TelegraphTelephone/Telegraph

The telegraph was invented in 1793 by Claude The telegraph was invented in 1793 by Claude Chappe. (Upper left)Chappe. (Upper left)

The telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander The telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell enabling speech to be sent through Graham Bell enabling speech to be sent through wires for the first time. (Top right)wires for the first time. (Top right)

The first telephones consisted of a piece you hold The first telephones consisted of a piece you hold up to your ear so you can hear what the person up to your ear so you can hear what the person on the other side of the line is saying. You hold on the other side of the line is saying. You hold another piece up to your mouth so you can talk to another piece up to your mouth so you can talk to people on the other side of the line. (bottom)people on the other side of the line. (bottom)

Post-it NotesPost-it Notes Post-it notes are great for lots of things. You can stick them on the Post-it notes are great for lots of things. You can stick them on the

wall, whiteboard, desk, Calender to remind you of stuff. And it was wall, whiteboard, desk, Calender to remind you of stuff. And it was invented on accident!invented on accident!

Spencer Silver was working in a 3M research laboratory in 1970 Spencer Silver was working in a 3M research laboratory in 1970 trying to find a strong adhesive, but this was much weaker than trying to find a strong adhesive, but this was much weaker than what 3M already had. It stuck to object but lifted off very easily. It what 3M already had. It stuck to object but lifted off very easily. It was super weak when 3M wanted an adhesive that was super strong.was super weak when 3M wanted an adhesive that was super strong.

On a Sunday four years later another 3M scientist who’s name was On a Sunday four years later another 3M scientist who’s name was Arthur Fry was singing in his church choir book used markers to keep Arthur Fry was singing in his church choir book used markers to keep his place in the hymnal, but the markers kept falling off. He his place in the hymnal, but the markers kept falling off. He remembered Silver’s invention and tried to see if they would hold remembered Silver’s invention and tried to see if they would hold the markers in place. Even though the adhesive was weak it held the markers in place. Even though the adhesive was weak it held the markers in place and lifted off without damaging the pages.the markers in place and lifted off without damaging the pages.

3M began distributing post-it notes in 1980, ten years after Silver 3M began distributing post-it notes in 1980, ten years after Silver developed the super weak adhesive. They are now one of the most developed the super weak adhesive. They are now one of the most popular office products available.popular office products available.

RadioRadio

The radio was invented in 1894 by The radio was invented in 1894 by Gugleilmo Marconi in his parents’ attic near Gugleilmo Marconi in his parents’ attic near Bologna, Italy.Bologna, Italy.

Within 8 years Marconi was sending radio Within 8 years Marconi was sending radio signals 3,000 miles over the Atlantic Ocean.signals 3,000 miles over the Atlantic Ocean.

The first Radio stations started The first Radio stations started broadcasting in the 1920’s.broadcasting in the 1920’s.

Early radio sets ran off big powerful Early radio sets ran off big powerful batteries. That means that the radio batteries. That means that the radio receiver was big and heavy.receiver was big and heavy.

VelcroVelcro

George de Mestral invented Velcro from 1948-1956 on George de Mestral invented Velcro from 1948-1956 on accident!accident!

One day he returned from a walk one day and noticed One day he returned from a walk one day and noticed some cockleburs that were clinging to his jacket. A some cockleburs that were clinging to his jacket. A cocklebur is a maze of thin strands with burrs (hooks) on cocklebur is a maze of thin strands with burrs (hooks) on the ends that cling on fabrics or animal fur. George de the ends that cling on fabrics or animal fur. George de Mestral knew this was a potential for a new fastener. Mestral knew this was a potential for a new fastener. After eight years of experimenting and developing the After eight years of experimenting and developing the perfect invention. It consisted of two strips of nylon perfect invention. It consisted of two strips of nylon fabric. One strip had thousands of tiny hooks. The other fabric. One strip had thousands of tiny hooks. The other had small loops. When they are pressed together they had small loops. When they are pressed together they form a very strong bond. form a very strong bond.

Velcro can be used on a bunch of things like clothing, Velcro can be used on a bunch of things like clothing, shoes, coats, and backpacks.shoes, coats, and backpacks.

The ComputerThe Computer

The first modern computer was The first modern computer was invented in 1941 by Konrad Zuse, invented in 1941 by Konrad Zuse, (Bottom Middle) a German engineer.(Bottom Middle) a German engineer.

Windows was invented on November, Windows was invented on November, 25, 1985 by Bill Gates.25, 1985 by Bill Gates.

The Computer started off as a simple The Computer started off as a simple calculator.calculator.

Chocolate Chip CookiesChocolate Chip Cookies The chocolate chip cookie was invented by Ruth Wakefield in The chocolate chip cookie was invented by Ruth Wakefield in

1930 on accident!1930 on accident! Ruth Wakefield had run out of baker’s chocolate. So she Ruth Wakefield had run out of baker’s chocolate. So she

broke some semi-sweetened chocolate into tiny bits. She had broke some semi-sweetened chocolate into tiny bits. She had expected the chocolate chips to melt and the dough to expected the chocolate chips to melt and the dough to absorb them. When she removed the pan from the oven, she absorb them. When she removed the pan from the oven, she was surprised. The chocolate hadn’t melted into the dough was surprised. The chocolate hadn’t melted into the dough like she’d expected. Instead they melted and stayed atop the like she’d expected. Instead they melted and stayed atop the cookie producing chocolate chip cookies. Ruth Wakefield had cookie producing chocolate chip cookies. Ruth Wakefield had just accidentally invented the chocolate chip cookie.just accidentally invented the chocolate chip cookie.

To date an average of roughly 7,000,000,000 chocolate chip To date an average of roughly 7,000,000,000 chocolate chip cookies are consumed annually.cookies are consumed annually.

After a couple Canadian diplomats assisted 6 Americans After a couple Canadian diplomats assisted 6 Americans hostages escape from Iran, we (The Americans) sent hostages escape from Iran, we (The Americans) sent chocolate chip cookies to them as our way of saying “Thanks”chocolate chip cookies to them as our way of saying “Thanks”

The chocolate chip cookies have provided full-time jobs for The chocolate chip cookies have provided full-time jobs for some people. Some vendor sell nothing by chocolate chip some people. Some vendor sell nothing by chocolate chip cookies.cookies.

X-RaysX-Rays X-Rays are in nearly every single hospital, dentist’s office, and X-Rays are in nearly every single hospital, dentist’s office, and

every clinic in America.every clinic in America. Professor Wilhelm C. Roentburg invented the X-Ray machine in Professor Wilhelm C. Roentburg invented the X-Ray machine in

1895.1895. One day he was working in his lab at the University of Wurzburg, One day he was working in his lab at the University of Wurzburg,

Germany. He was working with a Crookes tube (A vacuum which Germany. He was working with a Crookes tube (A vacuum which produced weak electron called cathode rays.produced weak electron called cathode rays.

When he was experimenting in a darkened room he noticed that a When he was experimenting in a darkened room he noticed that a fluorescent screen three to four feet away was glowing. Roentburg fluorescent screen three to four feet away was glowing. Roentburg was surprised when the black paper that surrounded the Crookes was surprised when the black paper that surrounded the Crookes tube that prevented regular light from getting out.tube that prevented regular light from getting out.

A popular story says he discovered the rays’ power when he A popular story says he discovered the rays’ power when he figured out that he had not knowingly photographed a key which figured out that he had not knowingly photographed a key which was inside one of his books.was inside one of his books.

Wilhelm C. Roentburg won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1901 for Wilhelm C. Roentburg won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1901 for his discovery of the X-Ray.his discovery of the X-Ray.

Light Bulb

The light bulb was invented in 1879 by Thomas Edison

When Thomas Edison invented his first light bulb after tons of tries the bulb burned up after 40 hours.

Edison improved the 40 hours to up to 1500 hours of light!

Edison experimented with over 1,000 different filaments.

BibliographyBibliography

Bender, Lionel. Invention. London, England, DK Bender, Lionel. Invention. London, England, DK Publishing Inc. 1991Publishing Inc. 1991

Jones,Charlotte,F.MistakesThatWorked.NewYorkJones,Charlotte,F.MistakesThatWorked.NewYorkCityNewYork.DoubleDayPublishingInc.1991CityNewYork.DoubleDayPublishingInc.1991

www.wikipedia.org www.googleimages.org