Intuitive Interaction in Children
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Transcript of Intuitive Interaction in Children
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Intuitive Interaction in Children
Shital Desai
Assoc. Prof. Alethea Blackler : Principal SupervisorProf. Vesna Popovic : Associate Supervisor
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Outline
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Research Problem
• Research Design
• Contributions and Outcomes
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Introduction
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Introduction
• For a product and an interface to be intuitive to use, it should adapt to the
context of use (Moran et al., 2001).
• Intuitive-ness is a human quality developed over time (Dane et al., 2012) .
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Introduction
• Intuitive-use is an unconscious application of one’s prior knowledge (Mohs et al., 2006).
• People use knowledge gained from their experiences using other products and features in order to intuitively interact with interfaces (Blackler et al., 2007).
• Intuitive-ness is an attribute of an object (Norman, 2002).
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Introduction
• Physical materials can assist in building existing intuitions in children (Clement., 1994).
• Intuitional foundations will develop if the objects are familiar to children.
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Literature ReviewEmbodied
Intuitive Use
Intuitive Interaction
Embodied Cognition
Infant Psychology
Dynamic Systems
Neuroscience RoboticsSituated
Cognition
Distributed Cognition
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Literature ReviewEmbodied
Intuitive Use
Intuitive Interaction
Embodied Cognition
Cognition Intuition
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Decision Making
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Intuitive Interaction
• Prior Knowledge.
• Familiarity.
• Image Schemas.
• Diversity in prior knowledge with age.
• Diversity in familiarity with age.
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Intuitive Interaction
• Prior Knowledge
• Prior experience with similar products andfeatures enables intuitive use of features.
• Familiarity
• Make function, location and appearance familiar for known features.
• Use familiar things to demonstrate function, appearance and location of less known features.
• Consistency and Redundancy.
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Intuitive Interaction
• Image Schemas-
• Derived from sensori-motor knowledge
from every day experiences (Hurtienne et al., 2007).
Basic
Space
Container
Identity
Multiplicity
Scale
Process
Force
Attribute
Container
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Intuitive Interaction
• Diversity in familiarity with respect to age. (Lawry et. al, 2011)
• Older adults are familiar with products that they own.
• Younger adults demonstrate higher levels of familiarity with the current interaction paradigm as compared to older adults.
• Diversity in prior knowledge with respect to age. (Brandenburg et al., 2012)
• Children were slower than adults with no prior knowledge who were slower than adults with prior knowledge.
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Intuitive Interaction
Continuum of knowledge in Intuitive Use adapted from Israel et al., (2009)
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Culture
Tools
Expertise
Sensorimotor
Innate
Enco
din
g R
etri
eval
Deg
ree
of
Spec
ialis
atio
n
Max
Max
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Embodied Cognition
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Embodied Cognition
Real World
Real Time
Evolutionary
Clark (2013)
Lungarella (2003)
Thelen (2010
Brooks (1999)
Eelen et al., (2013)
Kirsh (2013)
Turner (2013)
Hayles (2013)
Anderson (2005)
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Embodied Cognition
Practical
Environmental
Kirsh (2013)
Papert (1994)
Kuniyoshi et al. (2004)
Corr (2008)
Bassilli (2013)
Nathan (2008)
Social
Hutchins (2000)
Saloman (1997)
Cole et al., (1980)
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Design Aspects of Embodiment
Social
Real World
Real Time
Evolutionary
Practical
Environmental
Familiarity and Experiential Knowledge
Scaffolds
Affordance
Emergence
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Familiarity and Experiential Knowledge
• Tangible interfaces are devices that give physical form to digital information (Ishii, 2008).
• Natural mappings provide familiarity with the natural world (Klemmer et al., 2006).
• Use of familiar objects in physical manipulations (Resnick, 1998).
• Familiarity and experiential knowledge results in intuitive use of products.
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Affordances
• Property of the world that enables organisms to control their actions (Gibson, 1996).
• Properties of objects and actors in the world(Snapp-childs et al., 2013).
• Affordances of the familiar objects allow re-purposeful use of objects (De Valk et al, 2013).
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Emergence
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Scaffolds
Galaxy S3 Tutorial
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Research Problem
• Embodiment provides natural and intuitive
form of interaction (Ishii, 2008).
• The term embodiment has been increasingly used in interaction design to mean bodily action and physicality.
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Research Problem
• Use of physical body movements as the basis for interactional metaphors that relate to abstract representations which in turn facilitate intuitive use (Antle et al., 2013) .
• Aspects contributing to intuitive embodied mappings?
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Research Questions
• Main Research Question:
• What is the role of embodiment in intuitive
use in children?
• Sub-questions:
• What are the aspects of embodiment that
contribute to intuitive use in children?
• How can these aspects facilitate interaction in
children?
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Research Design
Literature Review
Experiment 1
• Pilot Study
• Data Collection
• Data Analysis
Experiment 2
• Pilot Study
• Data Collection
• Data Analysis
Findings and Conclusions
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Data Collection Methods
•Mixed Method Approach
Observations with verbal protocols
Interviews
Questionnaires
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Data Collection Methods
• Pairing children in constructive interaction
• Trans-generational pairing.
• Acquaintance based pairing.
• Same gender pairing.
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Overview of Experiments
Experiment 1Investigate aspects of embodiment that contribute to intuitive use in children.
Experiment 2Investigate the ways in which the
aspects of embodiment can facilitate interaction in children.
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Experiment 1
Investigate aspects of embodiment that contribute to intuitive use in children.
Pre-experiment Experiment Post-experiment
Location home QUT People and Systems Lab and local state schools
Participants 80-100 children (40-50 pairs) from local state schools (prep-grade 5)
Duration 10 minutes 30 minutes 10-20 minutes
Data Collection Technique
Questionnaire Observations Semi-structuredretrospective Interview
Data Analysis Tool Excel, SPSS Observer XT, SPSS Atlas.Ti, SPSS
Toy Selected Jenga
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Experiment 2Investigate the ways in which the aspects of embodiment identified in experiment 1 can facilitate interaction in children.
Pre-experiment Experiment Post-experiment
Location home QUT People and Systems Lab and local state schools
Participants 80-100 children (40-50 pairs) from local state schools (prep-grade 5)
Duration 10 minutes 30 minutes 10-20 minutes
Data Collection Technique
Questionnaire Observations Semi-structuredretrospective Interview
Data Analysis Tool Excel, SPSS Observer XT, SPSS Atlas.Ti, SPSS
Toy Selected Will be decided based on Experiment 1 outcomes. Examples are Cubelets, Mackey Mackey
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Looking ForwardYEAR 1
LITERATURE REVIEWLOW RISK ETHICS APPROVAL ( approval no.: 1300000826)
EDUCATION QLD APPROVAL (approval no.: 550/27/1392PARTICIPANT RECRUITMENT
YEAR 2
EXPERIMENT 1
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENT 2
PARTICIPANT RECRUITMENT
YEAR 3
EXPERIMENT 2
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
THESIS WRITEUP
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PUBLISHING
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Research Contributions
• New theory of embodied intuitive interaction.
• Better understanding of how children interact with products.
• New research and design methods.
• Knowledge that is transferrable to other areas.
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Research Outcomes
•Design framework to develop intuitive products for children.
• Children will be able to use their inherent intuitions and subsequently build upon them while interacting with products and features.
• This will result in less cognitive load.
• Children will not give up on products designed for them.
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Thank You
Questions?
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Sample Size Estimation
k = 2
n = 63.76561
f = 0.25
sig.level = 0.05
power = 0.8
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Sample Size Estimation
n = 50.1508
d = 0.5
sig.level = 0.05
power = 0.8
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Sample Size Estimation
Method Effect SizeSignificanc
e (p) Power
Sample Size/grou
p
One Way ANOVA 0.25 0.05 0.8 63.76561One tailed t-test 0.5 0.05 0.8 50.1508Correlation 0.3 0.05 0.8
84.74891
Chi-Square 0.3 0.05 0.8 87.20955
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