INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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Transcript of INTRODUCTORY PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
Weather: Highly variable from location to location, time period to time period,week to week, day to day, hour to hour. Very erratic and very hard to forecast accurately any more than a day or two ahead
http://www.intellicast.com/National/Surface/Current.aspx
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Weather: Highly variable from location to location, time period to time period,week to week, day to day, hour to hour. Very erratic and very hard to forecast accurately any more than a day or two ahead
http://www.intellicast.com/Storm/Hurricane/Active.aspx?storm=3&type=trackhttp://www.intellicast.com/Local/Weather.aspx
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WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
Climate: Weather aggregated over many years
Day of Year
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
T max
(°F)
60
70
80
90
60
70
80
90
Daily Mean Tmax
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Aug Sep OctJul Nov Dec
Average Daily MaximumTemperatures.Lake City, Florida, 1893-2010
Why is it hot is June –August and cool December- February?
Why do max. temps appear to “plateau” in summer, but not in winter?
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WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
Climate: Weather aggregated over many years
Average Daily MaximumTemperatures, and measureof variability.Lake City, Florida, 1893-2010
Day of Year
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
T max
(°F)
50
60
70
80
90
50
60
70
80
90
Daily Mean Tmax
Mean - 1St. devMean + 1 St. dev
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Aug Sep OctJul Nov DecWhy is the range of likely maximum daily temperatures so much larger in winter than in summer?
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WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
Climate: Weather aggregated over many years
Day of Year
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
T max
(°F)
50
60
70
80
90
50
60
70
80
90
Daily Mean Tmax
Mean - 1St. devMean + 1 St. dev97oF
P(T
max
>97°
F)
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15Computed Daily Prob.11-day running mean
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Aug Sep OctJul Nov Dec
97°F
Average Daily MaximumTemperatures, and measureof variability.AND risks of temperatures greater than 97°F!Lake City, Florida, 1893-2010
Why do the risks of exceeding 97°F peak in June, then plateau through July and August, before declining in the Fall?
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WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
Climate: Weather aggregated over many years
Average maximum annual temperature, °F 1949 - 2000
VARIATIONS IN SPACE TOO!TIME AND SPACE!
• Why are the highest annual maxima found in North Florida?
• Why are maximum temperatures greater inland compared to the coast?
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1 0
1 3
1 5
1 8
2 0
2 3
2 5
2 8
3 0
3 5
5 0 0
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
5 0 0
PERCENTAGE OF MEAN ANNUALPRECIPITATION OCCURRING
IN WINTER.1949 - 2000
TIME SCALES - Seasonal
• Why does NW Florida receive a higher % of its annual precip. in winter?
• Why does S Florida experience such a low % in winter?
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-88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -8025
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-88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -8025
26
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-88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -8025
26
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COLD PHASE ENSO – La Niña
NEUTRAL PHASE ENSO
WARM PHASE ENSO – El Niño
Proportion of annual precipitation duringwinter under variousENSO phases.
TIME SCALES – Interannual – globalConnections.
Why does a change in sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific impact the precip. in Florida?
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-88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -8025
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Differences in Proportionof annual precipitation
During winterWarm phase - Cold phases.
TIME SCALES – Interannual
Why areas of Florida can anticipate the greatest changes in rainfall dependent upon the equatorial Pacific?
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TIME SCALES – InterdecadalNumber of Heat Waves Per Year
Lake City Florida, 1905-1994.
Number of Heat Waves (98°F+) per Year0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Pro
porti
on o
f Yea
rs
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1905-25 (average = 1.5) Cold AMO1926-64 (average = 2.2) Warm AMO1964-94 (average = 1.1) Cold AMO
How do the risks of the number of heat waves annually change with long-term changes in the temperature of the Atlantic Ocean?
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WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
“Climate is what you expect,……..”
Includes average, variability and extremes
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WHAT IS GLOBAL CLIMATE AND ITS STUDY, GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY?
“Climate is what you expect,……..”
Includes average, variability and extremes
“………. Weather is what you get!”
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HOW ARE WE GOING TO STUDY IT?
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HOW ARE WE GOING TO STUDY IT?
Flows of Energy and Mass.
Movements of Energy and Mass within the Earth’s Atmospheric System
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WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
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WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
Source of Energy:SUN
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WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
Source of Energy:SUN
Target Planet of Interest:
EARTH
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WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
Source of Energy:SUN
Target Planet of Interest:
EARTH
1. About 92.6 million miles (150 million Km)
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WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
Source of Energy:SUN
Target Planet of Interest:
EARTH
1. About 92.6 million miles (150 million Km)
2. Target rotating anti-clockwise
around own axis once every 24
hrs.
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WHAT’S THE BASIC PROBLEM?
Source of Energy:SUN
Target Planet of Interest:
EARTH
1. About 92.6 million miles (150 million Km)
2. Target rotating anti-clockwise
around own axis once every 24 hr.
3. Target revolving around
source once every 365.25 dy