Introductory Brochure - King Abdullah University of Science and … UQ Brochure... ·...

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Introductory Brochure

Transcript of Introductory Brochure - King Abdullah University of Science and … UQ Brochure... ·...

Page 1: Introductory Brochure - King Abdullah University of Science and … UQ Brochure... · 2020-03-11 · 2 “ Our primary mission is to develop state oftheart Uncertainty Quantification,

Introductory Brochure 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS   Our mission, goals, and focus areas    2 The core UQ thrust   5 Reactive Computational Fluid Dynamics thrust    7 Large Scale Computational Research Electromagnetics thrust    9 Green Wireless Communications Research thrust  11 Low-rank Approximation   13 Reservoir Modeling   14 UQ in Numerical Aerodynamics   15 Bayesian Inverse Problems   16 Multiscale Modeling of Wear Degradation in Cylinder Liners  19 Assessment of the fatigue reliability of industrial components  21 Bayesian Experimental Design  23 Numerical methods in option pricing  25 UQ and Optimization of Energy Generation Systems  27 Tutorials and publications  29 Partners   31 Thrust Leaders  33 Advisory Board Members  34   

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“ Our primary mission is to develop state of­the­art Uncertainty Quantification, Verification & Validation Methods, 

Algorithms and Software.

” Broad, multi­partner, multi­disciplinary research will advance the Kingdom, the Region and the World priorities such as water, food, energy, environment, health and transportation. 

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A unified Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) framework to address three important research applications  Aligned with KAUST’s primary goals: Food, Water, Energy and Environment.   The SRI UQ Center focuses on high impact applications in: 

● Green wireless communications ● Complex multi­scale electromagnetic systems ● Reactive computational fluid dynamics ● Public good provisioning ● Transportation science ● Energy markets ● Crowd safety ● Epidemic prevention ● Mobile advertising ● Oil production enhancement

“ The KAUST SRI Center for Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Science and Engineering activities connect disciplines and bring together students and 

 researchers around research focusing on UQ  

    ­Advisory Board Report, April 2013 

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 Key Methodology of UQ 

The efforts of UQ center will be coupled with a rigorous mathematical                       approach to provide new tools for decision­makers, designers and operators                   to make inter­connected social networks more resilient in the face of                     unexpected disruptions, such as those caused by natural disasters, physical                   phenomena or epidemic spread.   

“An international research center” 

Computational and data­driven certification and design 

The novel UQ methodologies developed in the Center are relevant to systems for which testing is expensive or difficult and that operate outside their normal range.  

Research driven education and training  

UQ Center has a curriculum of courses and research mentorship on                     Uncertainty Quantification ­ Verification & Validation (UQ­VV), with direct                 impact on the KAUST CEMSE Master and PhD programs and on other                       KAUST programs and divisions.        

 

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The Core UQ Thrust  

Uncertainty Quantification is the science of quantitative characterization and                 reduction of uncertainties in a given quantity of interest. 

  

The Core UQ Activities are concerned with the systematic                 quantification and reduction of uncertainties that originate from               tolerance­based design and fabrication, noisy experimental measurements,             error­prone simulations, limited model predictability. 

  

 

 

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Discretization and computational errors  

 Computational Science predicts the behavior of biological, physical and social phenomena by using discretized (approximate) versions of a mathematical theory that can be processed by computers. Mathematical models are often corrupted as we create the computational models that render them amenable to solution via computer, and this corruption introduces more errors. 

 Decision­making under uncertainty

 Strategic decision­making under incomplete information, bounded memory and limited computational capabilities.  

Verification and Validation 

1. Are we solving our equations correctly? 2. Are we solving the right equations? 

 

Thrust Leaders  

KAUST : Raul Tempone & Omar Knio 

            External: Serge Prudhomme, Olivier Le Maitre & Marco Scavino 

 

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 The Reactive Computational Fluid 

 Dynamics research thrust  

● Assist the design of internal combustion engines, industrial burners, stationary power and aircraft engine turbine 

 ● Establish framework for inference and validation 

Clean energy to sustain a growing  population and economy 

 Counterflow burner applied to electric field. 

 

 

 

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UQ is increasingly recognized as essential for design and planning of experiments 

 ● The Center is currently addressing how uncertainties in the ion 

chemistry parameters affect ion concentrations and flame dynamics.   

Thrust Leaders  

KAUST: Prof. Fabrizio Bisetti  & Prof. Omar Knio  

  

 

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 The Large Scale Computational Electromagnetics 

research thrust consists of:  

● Development of high­order accurate, robust, and efficient simulators ● Rigorous characterization of uncertainties in the simulator’s input and 

output parameters  

  

Uncertainty quantification in  large scale electromagnetics 

   

 

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Stochastic characterization of voltages induced on  terminations of cables located inside a cockpit. 

 Sources of Uncertainty 

In the analysis of EM wave interactions on a car include, for example: ● Installation ambiguities in the routing of the cable harness ● Locations of the tire ● Pressure sensor ● GPS and radio antennas ● Values of the parasitic elements of the electronic components ● The direction of an impinging plane­wave representing external fields 

 Thrust Leader 

 KAUST: Prof. Hakan Bagci 

  

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The Green Wireless Communications  research thrust consists of: 

 ● Development and Performance Analysis of new wireless channel 

estimation ● Transceiver design optimization under uncertainty ● Technology transfer 

   

       

Sources of Uncertainty  

● Channel uncertainty ● Measurement noise ● Feedback noise ● Imperfect detection ● Mobility of users ● Battery uncertainty ● Queue data uncertainty 

 

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Lowering energy consumption of future wireless radio systems 

 

 BS sleeping strategy applied to 4G­LTE mobile network powered by multiple energy 

providers existing in the smart electrical grid. 

 Thrust Leader 

 KAUST: Prof. Mohamed Slim Alouini 

 

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 Uncertainty quantification, inverse problems via Bayesian update and low­rank approximation 

Goals: Approximate the whole computational process and the output in low­rank data formats.

 

 

 Different sparse block matrices for increasing level of  approximation (polynomial order p=1,2,4,5). Each blue 

point is a large stiffness matrix. (github.com/ezander/sglib) 

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 Reservoir modeling under uncertainties 

 Inverse UQ/ Data Assimilation: Use available measurements to reduce input uncertainty. Optimal Design of Experiments: Which measurements will reduce at most the uncertainty  Optimization under uncertainty: Minimize a given cost functional w.r.t. uncertainty in the input parameters.  

Effective approaches and solution techniques for conditioning, robust design and control in the subsurface: 

 

Full spectrum of tasks: ● Conditional simulation ● Experimental design ● Robust design ● Robust predictive control ● Risk assessment and prediction of extreme events 

 

Percentage   of   a   certain   mineral   ore   in   the   rock,   4000 measurements,  

25000^3 nodes (together with W. Nowak, Uni Stuttgart) 

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UQ in Numerical Aerodynamics  Goals: Identification, classification, modeling and minimization of uncertainties in aerodynamics. Pressure and shock are uncertain and depend on uncertain input parameters:  

  

Benefits for industry partner:  

➔ Better prediction accuracy ➔ More accurate use of data ➔ Robust engineering design ➔ Better risk management ➔ More reliable decision ➔ Support for sustainable management of environmental resources 

      

Senior Research Scientist Alexander Litvinenko, KAUST 

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Bayesian Inverse Problems  

Static Inverse Problem: Smoothing ● MAP approximations  ● Gradient­free stochastic optimization (enkf­based), ● Dimension­independent, likelihood­informed MCMC. 

 Samplers 

  

Dimension­independent(DI), likelihood­informed(LI) MCMC samplers (blue and red) vs. standard DI pCN(pink).  Posterior contours are shown in black. 

 

 Application of DI MCMC sampler pCN to evaluate standard Gaussian approximations in 

subsurface application. 

  

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 Sequential Inverse Problem:Filtering 

 ● Analyze accuracy and stability of existing algorithms,from classical and 

Bayesian perspectives.  

 

  

● Development of novel new algorithms 

 

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● Planck filter distributions  

 

 Pullback attractor for continuous­time 3DVAR for Navier­Stokes.  

Top panels and bottom left illustrate by individual d.o.f.s ensembles  of estimators converging to the truth for progressively earlier initial conditions. 

 Bottom right is relative error of an ensemble.  

 

 Senior Research Scientist Kody Law, KAUST 

 

  

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Multiscale Modeling of Wear Degradation in Cylinder Liners  

 Every mechanical system is naturally subjected to some kind of wear process                       that, at some point, will cause failure in the system if no monitoring or                           treatment process is applied. Since failures often lead to high economical                     costs, it is essential both to predict and  to avoid them. To achieve this, a monitoring system of the wear level should be implemented                         to decrease the risk of failure.  In this work, we take a first step into the development of a multiscale indirect                             inference methodology for state­dependent Markovian pure jump processes.               This allows us to model the evolution of the wear level and to identify when                             the system reaches some critical level that triggers a maintenance response.                     Since the likelihood function of a discretely observed pure jump process does                       not have an expression that is simple enough for standard non sampling                       optimization methods, we approximate this likelihood by expressions from                 upscaled models of the data. We use the Master Equation (ME) to assess the                           goodness­of­fit and to compute the distribution of the hitting time to the critical                         level. 

  

    

Level sets of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator       

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   Data and 90% confidente intervals corresponding to the models fitted         

       Time evolution of the Master Equation      

 KAUST: Prof. Raul Tempone,  

Postdoctoral Fellows Alvaro Moraes & Pedro Vilanova  

    

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 Assessment of the fatigue reliability of  

industrial components  

Reliability engineering is aimed to assess uncertainty and risk of failure of                       industrial components. The prediction of the fatigue life of a specimen is of                         utmost importance. We have developed an integrated set of computational tools: 

 ● To update the prior information upon the physical fatigue properties of a 

specimen with the available experimental results ● To handle the several sources of uncertainty that may affect the fatigue 

life prediction by calibrating competing models ● To rank the proposed alternative models on the basis of objective 

information and predictive criteria ● To provide a robust set of evidence supporting preventive maintenance 

goals and safety engineering 

  

Calibration of a random fatigue­limit model to fatigue data (in the presence of run­outs) obtained from 85 experiments on unnotched sheet specimens of 75S­T6 aluminum alloys. 

 

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 A comparison between the prior uncertainty (red line) and the posterior uncertainty (blueline) after conducting 85 fatigue experiments on unnotched sheet specimens of 75S­T6 aluminum alloys, in terms of the probability density functions of the six parameters that characterize the 

random fatigue­limit model.  

 

      Uncertainty assessment in terms of contour lines of the bivariate probability density functions of the six parameters that characterize the random fatigue­limit model.  

  

KAUST: Prof. Raul Tempone,Prof. Marco Scavino &  PhD Student  Zaid Sawlan 

   

  

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 Bayesian Experimental Design 

 Quality engineering to fit consistently to the customer expectations, the                   achievement of improved performances, and cost reduction are amongst the                   main goals pursued from the discipline of the design of experiments.  Our group has developed the computational and methodological expertise for                   the application of an inductive framework, which blends the prior information                     and mathematical modelling for observable data, in order to detect the optimal                       experimental setup to conduct a designed experiment. 

 Such framework, commonly known as Bayesian approach for the uncertainty                   quantification, requires the deployment of algorithms solving high­dimensional               numerical integrations and optimization problems, whose choice is strictly                 linked to the problem under investigation.  

 Our approach incorporates the utility function chosen by the user and makes                       use of the most modern numerical and simulation techniques for the fast and                         efficient computation of measures of the information gain, that are quantitative                     summaries of the performance achievable through modelling and               experimentation. The estimation of these measures allows the user to be                     proficient in the allocation of resources to assess the degree of uncertainty of                         the quantities of interest motivating the experiment for industrial and scientific                     purposes.  

 Successful applications include electrical       impedance tomography, non­linear problems in         seismology, and the design of shock tube             experiments in combustion chemistry.   The iso­surface of the expected information gain with respect to three temperatures. 

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 A shock­tube combustion method was used to demonstrate the  

effectiveness of the optimization method © 2015 KAUST   

KAUST: Prof. Raul Tempone, Prof. Omar Knio,  Prof. Fabrizio Bisetti & Prof. Marco Scavino 

      

 

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 Numerical methods in option pricing 

 Option pricing is about finding the fair price for a financial contract. Our goal: ● To develop numerical methods that allow us to compute the price with a 

prescribed accuracy minimizing the computational effort ● To control the error in existent numerical methods and to provide 

systematic ways of selecting parameters to minimize the computational effort 

● To be cable of handling processes with jumps to model sudden changes on the  

● To work with multidimensional processes (basket options)  

  

 Evolution of the quadrature error for the price of a binary option  under the Merton model with different values of the parameters 

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KAUST: Prof. Raul Tempone,  Postdoctoral Fellow Fabian Crocce & PhD Student Juho Häppölä 

     

 

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 UQ and Optimization of Energy Generation Systems 

 Decision making support tools for: 

● Integration of renewable energy sources and conventional sources ● Optimal scheduling of energy generation systems ● Optimal participation in electricity markets 

 Development of optimization models: 

● Optimization models and uncertainty quantification ● Stochastic programming based models ● Robust optimization based models ● Global optimization of mixed integer non­linear programming problems 

 

  

Relaxations for bilinear terms in hydro power generation functions. 

  

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Power generation and market participation for a virtual power plant. 

 

  

KAUST: Prof. Omar Knio & Research Scientist Ricardo Lima  

  

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“ The Center offers several tutorial courses in top universities and research institutes worldwide.

” 

 A top worldwide research community 

   

  

Tutorial courses are given at:  KAUST, University of California at Berkley, University of California at  Los 

Angeles,  University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, CNRS Toulouse, Winter School ENSIAS Morocco, Summer School on Cognitive Radio. 

 

 

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 Key Offerings per year 

● 9 tutorials  in international conferences  ● Over 43 invited lectures ● 6 graduate courses ● Over 50 scientific publications 

 

Key Clients ● Faculty members ● Young researchers ● Engineers and Practitioners ● Postdoctoral fellows ● Ph.D. and MSc students 

 

 Tutorial courses around the world 

 

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 The SRI UQ Center launched a large series of international and local collaborations and carried out field studies and projects 

  

● 30 Universities ● 6 Industrial Partners ● 3 Research Centers ● 20 business visitors per year 

  

Partners:  

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“ Over 30 researchers at KAUST and a wide network of renowned collaborators are actively involved in 

the UQ Center research 

” The UQ Center  has:  

 ● 5 KAUST faculty members ● 3 external participants ● 5 research scientists ● 1 consultant ● 10 postdoctoral fellows ● 7 PhD student ● 1 visiting student ● 1 business administrator  ● 1 administrative assistant ● 1 web manager 

  

Principal Investigators  

Raul Tempone Center Director [email protected] 

   

Omar Knio Center Deputy Director [email protected] 

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Thrust Leaders   

Mohamed Slim Alouini Professor, Electrical Engineering, KAUST Hagan Bagci Professor, Electrical Engineering, KAUST Fabrizio Bisetti Professor, Mechanical Engineering, KAUST Serge Prudhomme Professor, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, Canada Marco Scavino Professor, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay Olivier Le Maitre Research Director, CNRS, France 

 

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 The advisory board, which is formed from external leading experts from Academia and Industry, regularly evaluates the UQ Center. 

 Advisory Board Members 

   

Amr El­Bakry                Andrew Majda           Eric Michielssen           Fabio Nobile         (EM)                                 (NYU)                        (UMich)                         (EPFL) 

          

   Habib Najm                  Hector Klie         Hermann Matthies         Jan Hesthaven    (Sandia Lab)                        (CP)              (TU Braunschweig)                 (Brown) 

         

  Mostafa Kaveh         (UMN)   

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 Contact Us  CEMSE Division, SRI ­ UQ Center, UN 1500 Building 1, Al­Khawarizmi, 4th Floor, Office 4109 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955­6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Office: +966 (12) 808 0374 FAX:    +966 (12) 802 1296  Email: [email protected] Website: http://sri­uq.kaust.edu.sa