Introduction - Transport Safety...

2016 Annual incident statisticsVICTORIAN TRAM OPERATORS

Released inMarch 2017

Published by Transport Safety VictoriaLevel 15, 121 Exhibition StreetMelbourne, Victoria 3000Telephone: 1800 223 022

Copyright State Government of Victoria 2017.

This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth).

Authorised by the Victorian Government, Melbourne.

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ContentsIntroduction ............................................................................................................................... 4

1. Executive summary............................................................................................................42. Reporting requirements in Victoria.....................................................................................53. Changes to information......................................................................................................54. Definitions...........................................................................................................................54.1. Serious injury...................................................................................................................64.2. Person type.....................................................................................................................64.3. Collision...........................................................................................................................64.4. Derailment.......................................................................................................................64.5. Suspected suicide or attempted suicide..........................................................................64.6. Broken rail.......................................................................................................................6

Descriptive statistics ................................................................................................................. 7

5. Tram - Occurrences with injuries........................................................................................75.1. Fatalities by person type.................................................................................................75.2. Fatalities by occurrence type...........................................................................................85.3. Serious injuries by person type.......................................................................................95.4. Serious injuries by occurrence type..............................................................................105.5. Serious injuries details..................................................................................................106. Tram - Occurrences.........................................................................................................126.1. Running line derailment.................................................................................................126.2. Collision between trams................................................................................................136.3. Collision with person.....................................................................................................146.4. Collision with infrastructure...........................................................................................156.5. Collision with road vehicle.............................................................................................166.6. Slip, trip or fall on tram..................................................................................................176.7. Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface.....................................................................186.8. Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail...................................................196.9. Fire on tram...................................................................................................................20

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ChartsChart 1 - Fatalities by person type............................................................................................7Chart 2 - Serious injuries by person type..................................................................................9Chart 3 - Running line derailment...........................................................................................12Chart 4 - Collision between trams...........................................................................................13Chart 5 - Collision with person................................................................................................14Chart 6 - Collision with infrastructure......................................................................................15Chart 7 - Collision with road vehicle........................................................................................16Chart 8 - Slip, trip or fall on tram.............................................................................................17Chart 9 - Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface................................................................18Chart 10 - Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail............................................19Chart 11 - Fire on tram............................................................................................................20

TablesTable 1 - Fatalities by person type............................................................................................7Table 2 - Fatalities by occurrence type.....................................................................................8Table 3 - Serious injuries by person type.................................................................................9Table 4 - Serious injuries by occurrence type.........................................................................10Table 5 - Serious injuries details.............................................................................................10Table 6 - Running line derailment...........................................................................................12Table 7 - Collision between trams...........................................................................................13Table 8 - Collision with person................................................................................................14Table 9 - Collision with infrastructure......................................................................................15Table 10 - Collision with road vehicle.....................................................................................16Table 11 - Slip, trip or fall on tram...........................................................................................17Table 12 - Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface..............................................................18Table 13 - Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail............................................19Table 14 - Fire on tram...........................................................................................................20

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Introduction1. Executive summaryThis document provides an overview of tram incident statistics for Victoria up to the end of the calendar year 2016. The performance shown in this document should be considered against a background of increased patronage and tram travel distance.

Over the past five years, metropolitan tram patronage has increased by 3.7 per cent over the period between 2012 and 2016, with 181.9 million boardings in 2012 and 187.9 million boardings in 20161.

The total travelled kilometres by metropolitan trams has increased by 6.9 per cent between 2012 and 2016, with 24.7 million km in 2012 and 26.4 million km in 2016.

Where information is available, trends are typically shown using average numbers over the preceding five years. For example, the five year moving average figure for 2012 is the average of values for the years 2008 to 2012, while the moving average figure for 2013 is the average of values for the years 2009 to 2013.

There were 1,558 incidents reported by tram operators to Transport Safety Victoria (TSV) during 2016. Some key points shown by the 2016 tram incident statistics.

No fatalities were reported by tram operators over the past two years. There were 61 serious injuries reported by tram operators in 2016, 45 of which were tram

passengers and 14 of which were members of the public. That is the highest number of serious injuries for a single year since 2008. It represents an increase of 30 per cent compared to the 47 serious injuries in 2015.

There was a decrease in the five year moving average for running line derailments from 32.4 in 2012 to 23 in 2016.

The number of reported collisions between trams has increased from nine in 2015 to 13 in 2016. However, the 2016 figure is in line with those recorded between 2012 and 2014.

The number of reported slips, trips or falls on trams increased to its highest levels since 2007. It increased by 41 per cent compared to 2015.

There was a 13 per cent increase in the number of reported collisions with road vehicles from 854 in 2015 to 962 in 2016.

There was a decrease in the number of reported fires on trams to one in 2016 reverting the trend from 2012 to 2015.

TSV is working with KDR Victoria Pty Ltd trading as Yarra Trams (KDR) to investigate the increased incidence of serious injuries being reported. The increase in serious injuries appears to be primarily a result of slips, trips and falls for passengers both on trams and at the platform-tram interface. These incidents and their prevention are addressed monthly in safety meetings between TSV and KDR. KDR is currently examining a range of measures including engineering changes to trams acceleration and braking, revised driver training, driver visual display upgrades and incident hot spot location assessments.

1 Data as reported by KDR Victoria Pty Ltd (Yarra Trams) to Transport Safety Victoria under Regulation 46 of the Rail Safety Local Operations Regulations 2006 (Vic)

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2. Reporting requirements in VictoriaTram operators and a number of tourist and heritage operators are required to report rail incidents to TSV in accordance with the requirements of the Rail Safety (Local Operations) Act 2006 (Vic) (RSLOA) and Rail Safety (Local Operations) Regulations 2006 (Vic) (RSLOR).

TSV uses the data it collects from rail operators to monitor trends and safety risks across the Victorian transport network.

It is important to note that tram operators (including metropolitan, regional and tourist and heritage operators) are rail operators under the RSLOA.

3. Changes to informationThe information contained in this report is the intellectual property of TSV and is year-to-date (YTD) December 2016. It is sourced from its Occurrence Database, which stores data as reported to TSV by rail operators, as at 8 February 2017. The information might be adjusted to reflect new information that comes to light at any time without prior notice. Consequently, minor variations may exist when compared with previous publications.

Variations in information from year to year are evident in this report. Improvements in safety are generally expected to occur over time as enhancements are made to systems. Low frequency - high consequence events however, such as those occasionally experienced in the transport industry, and changes to transport demand, such as increasing patronage, can also result in variations in the information.

4. DefinitionsRailway accident or incident as defined in the RSLOR:

an accident or incident on railway premises that results ino the death of a persono a person requiring immediate treatment as an in-patient in a hospital

a running line derailment of any unit of rolling stock a collision between any rolling stock and any person a collision between any rolling stock and any other vehicle, infrastructure, obstruction or object

which resulted in significant property damage an implosion, explosion, fire or other occurrence which resulted in significant property damage a notifiable accident or incident.

Notifiable circumstance as defined in the RSLOR means a circumstance, act or omission that resulted, or had the potential to result, in the death or serious injury to any person, or significant damage to property. The definition includes:

any defect in, or failure of, any part of the rail infrastructure any defect in, or failure of, any rolling stock or part of any rolling stock any failure or breach of any rail operations practice, procedure or rule any other circumstance, act or omission that the Safety Director has specified under regulation

42(2) to be a notifiable circumstance.

TSV uses the Guideline for the Top Event Classification of Notifiable Occurrences as a resource when classifying rail incidents (Occurrence Classification-Guideline One (OC-G1)).

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4.1. Serious injuryDefined in the RSLOR as “a person requiring immediate treatment as an in-patient in a hospital”.

4.2. Person type A passenger is a person travelling or intending to travel. A public is any other person affected by a railway occurrence. A trespasser is a person on railway premises who, whether intentionally or negligently, is in a

place they have no right or authority to be or for the purpose of carrying out unauthorised activities.

4.3. CollisionWhen a tram strikes another tram, obstruction, person or other object or is struck by another object.

4.4. DerailmentWhen one or more tram wheels leave the rail or track during railway operations.

4.5. Suspected suicide or attempted suicide Suspected suicide is any suspected suicide that takes place in or from railway property. Attempted suicide refers to any person who unsuccessfully attempts to take their own life on

railway property.

4.6. Broken rail A fracture of the rail in a running line including a broken joint or weld, or detachment of a piece

from the rail which necessitates an immediate stoppage of traffic or the immediate imposition of a speed restriction lower than that currently in force.

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Descriptive statistics5. Tram - Occurrences with injuriesThis section provides data about rail occurrences that involved injuries.

5.1. Fatalities by person typeThis section provides information about fatalities that occurred from 2012 to 2016. The data excludes suspected suicides and natural causes.

Chart 1 shows the number of fatalities by person type (members of the public and trespasser) that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 1.

The total number of fatalities was 1 in 2012, 3 in 2013 and 1 in 2014.

The five year moving average increased from 0.8 in 2012 to 1 in 2016.

Public fatalities were 1 in 2012 and 3 in 2013.

Trespasser fatality was 1 in 2014.

Chart 1 - Fatalities by person type

0

1

2

3

4

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Count PublicTrespasser

Moving average 5 years

Table 1 - Fatalities by person type

Person type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Public 1 3 0 0 0Trespasser 0 0 1 0 0Total 1 3 1 0 0

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5.2. Fatalities by occurrence typeTable 2 shows the number of fatalities by occurrence type (collision) that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016.

Fatalities resulting from collision were 1 in 2012, 3 in 2013 and 1 in 2014.

Table 2 - Fatalities by occurrence type

Occurrence type Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Collision Person 1 2 1 0 0Collision Road vehicle 0 1 0 0 0Total 1 3 1 0 0

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5.3. Serious injuries by person typeThis section provides information about serious injuries that occurred from 2012 to 2016. The data excludes attempted suicides and natural causes.

Chart 2 shows the number of serious injuries by person type (employee, member of the public, passenger and trespasser) that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 3.

The total number of serious injuries was 15 in 2012, 31 in 2013, 31 in 2014, 47 in 2015 and 61 in 2016.

The five year moving average increased from 21.6 in 2012 to 37 in 2016.

Employee serious injuries were 1 in 2012 and 2 in 2016.

Passenger serious injuries were 9 in 2012, 20 in 2013, 21 in 2014, 17 in 2015 and 45 in 2016.

Public serious injuries were 4 in 2012, 11 in 2013, 10 in 2014, 30 in 2015 and 14 in 2016.

Trespasser serious injury was 1 in 2012.

Chart 2 - Serious injuries by person type

010203040506070

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Count

Employee

Trespasser

Public

PassengerMoving average 5 years

Table 3 - Serious injuries by person type

Person type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Employee 1 0 0 0 2Passenger 9 20 21 17 45Public 4 11 10 30 14Trespasser 1 0 0 0 0Total 15 31 31 47 61

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5.4. Serious injuries by occurrence typeTable 4 shows the number of serious injuries by occurrence type (collision, derailment, level crossing occurrence and slip, trip or fall) that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016.

Serious injuries resulting from collision were 5 in 2012, 14 in 2013, 13 in 2014, 28 in 2015 and 15 in 2016.

Serious injury resulting from derailment was 1 in 2015.

Serious injury resulting from level crossing occurrence was 1 in 2015.

Serious injury resulting from safeworking irregularity/breach was 1 in 2016.

Serious injuries resulting from slip, trip or fall were 10 in 2012, 17 in 2013, 18 in 2014, 17 in 2015 and 45 in 2016.

Table 4 - Serious injuries by occurrence type

Occurrence type Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Collision Infrastructure 0 0 1 0 0Collision Person 2 4 6 8 7Collision Road vehicle 3 10 6 20 8Derailment Running line derailment 0 0 0 1 0Level crossing occurrence Collision with person-

active warning devices0 0 0 1 0

Safeworking irregularity/breach

System failure 0 0 0 0 1

Slip, trip or fall On tram 7 15 16 13 32Slip, Trip or Fall On/from stairs/ramp 1 0 0 0 0Slip, Trip or Fall To/from tram 2 2 2 4 13Total 15 31 31 47 61

5.5. Serious injuries detailsTable 5 lists the fatalities during 2016.

Table 5 - Serious injuries details

Date Person type

Occurrence and Category Type

Locality Count

05/01/2016 Employee Safeworking irregularity/breach - system failure

Preston 1

17/01/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Richmond 114/02/2016 Employee Slip, trip or fall - on tram Richmond 116/02/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Fitzroy North 117/02/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Fitzroy North 126/02/2016 Public Collision - person St. Kilda 127/02/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Melbourne CBD 110/03/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Richmond 111/03/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Brunswick 116/03/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 121/03/2016 Public Collision - person Melbourne CBD 126/03/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram South Melbourne 131/03/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Melbourne CBD 1

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Date Person type

Occurrence and Category Type

Locality Count

31/03/2016 Public Collision - person Melbourne CBD 107/04/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Toorak 111/04/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Brunswick 112/04/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Melbourne CBD 113/04/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Melbourne CBD 130/04/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram East Melbourne 101/05/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Maribyrnong 109/05/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 109/05/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Albert Park 111/05/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Prahran 111/05/2016 Public Collision - person North Melbourne 115/05/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Box Hill 116/06/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Collingwood 118/06/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Fitzroy 220/06/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Prahran 121/06/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram East Melbourne 128/06/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Elwood 105/07/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Camberwell 113/07/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Brunswick 107/08/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 109/08/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Preston 112/08/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 119/08/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 122/08/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Camberwell 122/08/2016 Public Collision - person East Melbourne 127/08/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Melbourne CBD 109/09/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 113/09/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Glenhuntly 102/10/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Southbank 103/10/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Brunswick West 112/10/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Melbourne CBD 214/10/2016 Passenger Collision - road vehicle Ascot Vale 119/10/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Brunswick 119/10/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 129/10/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram East Melbourne 104/11/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Southbank 107/11/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram St. Kilda 109/11/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Coburg North 116/11/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram South Melbourne 124/11/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Melbourne CBD 105/12/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Melbourne CBD 115/12/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - on tram Malvern 117/12/2016 Passenger Slip, trip or fall - to/from tram Ascot Vale 122/12/2016 Public Collision - person Melbourne CBD 122/12/2016 Public Collision - road vehicle Melbourne CBD 125/12/2016 Public Collision - person Melbourne CBD 1

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6. Tram - Occurrences6.1. Running line derailmentThis section provides information about running line derailments that occurred from 2012 to 2016.

Chart 3 shows the number of running line derailments that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 6.

The total number of running line derailments was 24 in 2012, 20 in 2013, 20 in 2014, 27 in 2015 and 24 in 2016.

The five year moving average decreased from 32.4 in 2012 to 23 in 2016.

Chart 3 - Running line derailment

0

10

20

30

40

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Count Running line derailment


Table 6 - Running line derailment

Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Running line derailment 24 20 20 27 24Total 24 20 20 27 24

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6.2. Collision between tramsThis section provides information about collisions between trams that occurred from 2012 to 2016.

Chart 4 shows the number of collisions between trams that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 7.

The total number of collisions between trams was 15 in 2012, 16 in 2013, 14 in 2014, 9 in 2015 and 13 in 2016.

The five year moving average decreased from 21.8 in 2012 to 13.4 in 2016.

Chart 4 - Collision between trams

0

5

10

15

20

25

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Count Tram


Table 7 - Collision between trams

Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Tram 15 16 14 9 13Total 15 16 14 9 13

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6.3. Collision with personThis section provides information about collisions with person that occurred from 2012 to 2016.

Chart 5 shows the number of collisions with person that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 8.

The total number of collisions with person was 37 in 2012, 28 in 2013, 35 in 2014, 36 in 2015 and 44 in 2016.


Chart 5 - Collision with person

0

10

20

30

40

50

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Count Person


Table 8 - Collision with person

Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Person 37 28 35 36 44Total 37 28 35 36 44

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6.4. Collision with infrastructureThis section provides information about collisions with infrastructure that occurred from 2012 to 2016.

Chart 6 shows the number of collisions with infrastructure that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 9.

The total number of collisions with infrastructure was 4 in 2012, 4 in 2013, 5 in 2014, 11 in 2015 and 9 in 2016.

The five year moving average increased from 6.2 in 2012 to 6.6 in 2016.

Chart 6 - Collision with infrastructure

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Count InfrastructureMoving average 5 years

Table 9 - Collision with infrastructure

Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Infrastructure 4 4 5 11 9Total 4 4 5 11 9

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6.5. Collision with road vehicleThis section provides information about collisions with road vehicle that occurred from 2012 to 2016.

Chart 7 shows the number of collisions with road vehicle that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 10.

The total number of collisions with road vehicle was 877 in 2012, 834 in 2013, 818 in 2014, 854 in 2015 and 962 in 2016.


Chart 7 - Collision with road vehicle

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Count Road vehicleMoving average 5 years

Table 10 - Collision with road vehicle

Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Road vehicle 877 834 818 854 962Total 877 834 818 854 962

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6.6. Slip, trip or fall on tramThis section provides information about slips, trips or falls on tram that occurred from 2012 to 2016.

Chart 8 shows the number of slips, trips or falls on tram that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 11.

The total number of slips, trips or falls on tram was 157 in 2012, 188 in 2013, 180 in 2014, 202 in 2015 and 285 in 2016.


Chart 8 - Slip, trip or fall on tram

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Count On tram


Table 11 - Slip, trip or fall on tram

Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016On tram 157 188 180 202 285Total 157 188 180 202 285

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6.7. Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interfaceThis section provides information about slips, trips or falls on platform tram interface that occurred from 2012 to 2016.

Chart 9 shows the number of slips, trips or falls on platform tram interface by category type (caught in tram doors, on/from stairs/ramp, to/from tram) that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 12.

The total number of slips, trips or falls classified as between platform and tram, caught in tram doors, on/from stairs/ramp and to/from tram was 11 in 2012, 10 in 2013, 10 in 2014, 31 in 2015 and 60 in 2016.


Slips, trips or falls classified as caught in tram doors were 1 in 2013, 7 in 2015 and 17 in 2016.

Slips, trips or falls classified as on/from stairs/ramp were 2 in 2012.

Slips, trips or falls classified as to/from tram were 9 in 2012, 9 in 2013, 10 in 2014, 24 in 2015 and 43 in 2016.

Chart 9 - Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface

010203040506070

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

CountCaught in tram doors

On/from stairs/rampTo/from tram


Table 12 - Slip, trip or fall on platform tram interface

Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Caught in tram doors 0 1 0 7 17On/from stairs/ramp 2 0 0 0 0To/from tram 9 9 10 24 43Total 11 10 10 31 60

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6.8. Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken railThis section provides information about track and civil infrastructure irregularities - broken rail that occurred from 2012 to 2016.

Chart 10 shows the number of track and civil infrastructure irregularities - broken rail that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 13.

The total number of track and civil infrastructure irregularities - broken rail was 1 in 2012, 1 in 2013, 2 in 2014, 1 in 2015 and 2 in 2016.


Chart 10 - Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail

0

1

2

3

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Count Broken Rail


Table 13 - Track and civil infrastructure irregularity - broken rail

Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Broken Rail 1 1 2 1 2Total 1 1 2 1 2

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6.9. Fire on tramThis section provides information about fires on tram that occurred from 2012 to 2016.

Chart 11 shows the number of fires on tram that occurred in each year from 2012 to 2016 and the five year moving average. This data is also represented in Table 14.

The total number of fires on tram was 2 in 2012, 4 in 2013, 7 in 2014, 2 in 2015 and 1 in 2016.


Chart 11 - Fire on tram

0

2

4

6

8

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Count On tramMoving average 5 years

Table 14 - Fire on tram

Category type 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016On tram 2 4 7 2 1Total 2 4 7 2 1

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