Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came...
-
Upload
clinton-benson -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came...
![Page 1: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Disclaimer: a.Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite the sources. Please refer to the Table of References slide (#2) to learn about the sources, when applicable.b.The slides should be used only for academic purposes (e.g., in teaching a class), and should not be used for commercial purposes.
1 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 2: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks2
Slides Source
6 www.cse.fau.edu/~jie/teaching/fall_2004_files/sensorslides1.ppt
19-23 http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/cs/aggarwal/cs60520/SeminarMaterial/WSN-future.ppt
7-13 http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~nbulusu/talks/grace-hopper.ppt
17-18,29-33 http://galaxy.cs.lamar.edu/~bsun/wsn/wsn.html
15-16 www.dsc.ufcg.edu.br/~maspohn/katia/introduction.ppt
24 http://computer.howstuffworks.com/mote1.htm
32-33 http://www.polastre.com/papers/polastre-thesis-final.pdf
Table of References
![Page 3: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Agenda
Introduction Differences with ad hoc networks Applications Characteristics Challenges Future Motes Hardware Setup Overview
3 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 4: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction
Wireless Sensor Networks are networks that consists of sensors which are distributed in an ad hoc manner.
These sensors work with each other to sense some physical phenomenon and then the information gathered is processed to get relevant results.
Wireless sensor networks consists of protocols and algorithms with self-organizing capabilities.
4 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 5: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Example of WSN
5 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
Ref:http://esd.sci.univr.it/images/wsn-example.png
![Page 6: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Comparison with ad hoc networks
Wireless sensor networks mainly use broadcast communication while ad hoc networks use point-to-point communication.
Unlike ad hoc networks wireless sensor networks are limited by sensors limited power, energy and computational capability.
Sensor nodes may not have global ID because of the large amount of overhead and large number of sensors.
6 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 7: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Applications of Wireless Sensor networks
The applications can be divided in three categories:
1. Monitoring of objects.2. Monitoring of an area.3. Monitoring of both area and objects.
* Classification due to Culler, Estrin, Srivastava
7 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 8: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Monitoring Area
Environmental and Habitat Monitoring Precision Agriculture Indoor Climate Control Military Surveillance Treaty Verification Intelligent Alarms
8 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 9: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Example: Precision Agriculture
• Precision agriculture aims at making cultural operations more efficient, while reducing environmental impact.
• The information collected from sensors is used to evaluate optimum sowing density, estimate fertilizers and other inputs needs, and to more accurately predict crop yields. 9 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 10: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Monitoring Objects
Structural Monitoring Eco-physiology Condition-based Maintenance Medical Diagnostics Urban terrain mapping
10 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 11: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example: Condition-based Maintenance
Intel fabrication plantsSensors collect vibration data, monitor
wear and tear; report data in real-timeReduces need for a team of engineers;
cutting costs by several orders of magnitude
11 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 12: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Monitoring Interactions between Objects and Space
Wildlife Habitats Disaster Management Emergency Response Ubiquitous Computing Asset Tracking Health Care Manufacturing Process Flows
12 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 13: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Example: Habitat Monitoring The ZebraNet Project
Collar-mounted sensors monitor zebra movement in Kenya
Source: Margaret Martonosi, Princeton University
13 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 14: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks mainly consists of sensors. Sensors are - low power limited memory energy constrained due to their small size.
Wireless networks can also be deployed in extreme environmental conditions and may be prone to enemy attacks.
Although deployed in an ad hoc manner they need to be self organized and self healing and can face constant reconfiguration.
14 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 15: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Design Challenges
Heterogeneity The devices deployed maybe of various types
and need to collaborate with each other. Distributed Processing
The algorithms need to be centralized as the processing is carried out on different nodes.
Low Bandwidth Communication The data should be transferred efficiently
between sensors
15 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 16: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Continued..
Large Scale Coordination The sensors need to coordinate with each
other to produce required results. Utilization of Sensors
The sensors should be utilized in a ways that produce the maximum performance and use less energy.
Real Time Computation The computation should be done quickly as
new data is always being generated.
16 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 17: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Operational Challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks
Energy Efficiency Limited storage and computation Low bandwidth and high error rates Errors are common
Wireless communication Noisy measurements Node failure are expected
Scalability to a large number of sensor nodes Survivability in harsh environments Experiments are time- and space-intensive
17 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 18: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Enabling Technologies
Embedded Networked
Sensing
Control system w/Small form factorUntethered nodes
ExploitcollaborativeSensing, action
Tightly coupled to physical world
Embed numerous distributed devices to monitor and interact with physical world
Network devices to coordinate and perform higher-level tasks
Exploit spatially and temporally dense, in situ, sensing and actuation
18 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 19: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Future of WSNSmart Home / Smart Office
Sensors controlling appliances and electrical devices in the house.
Better lighting and heating in office buildings.
The Pentagon building has used sensors extensively.
19 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 20: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Biomedical / Medical
Health Monitors Glucose Heart rate Cancer detection
Chronic Diseases Artificial retina Cochlear implants
Hospital Sensors Monitor vital signs Record anomalies
20 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 21: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Military
Remote deployment of sensors for tactical monitoring of enemy troop movements.
21 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 22: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Industrial & Commercial
Numerous industrial and commercial applications: Agricultural Crop Conditions Inventory Tracking In-Process Parts Tracking Automated Problem Reporting RFID – Theft Deterrent and Customer Tracing Plant Equipment Maintenance Monitoring
22 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 23: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Traffic Management & Monitoring
Future cars could use wireless sensors to: Handle Accidents Handle Thefts
Sensors embedded in the roads to:
–Monitor traffic flows–Provide real-time route updates23 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 24: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What are motes?
Motes mainly consist of three parts:- Mote basically consists of a low cost and
power computer. The computer monitors one or more
sensors. Sensors may be for temperature, light, sound, position, acceleration, vibration, stress, weight, pressure, humidity, etc.
The computer connects to the outside world with a radio link.
24 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 25: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Mica 2 Motes
These motes sold by Crossbow were originally developed at the University of California Berkeley.
The MICA2 motes are based on the ATmega128L AVR microprocessor. The motes run using TinyOS as the operating system.
Mica2 mote is one of the most popular and commercially available sensors which are marketed by CrossBow technologies.
MICA 2 MOTE
Ref:http://www.xbow.com/Products/Product_pdf_files/Wireless_pdf/MICA2_Datasheet.pdf
25 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 26: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Telosb Motes
Telosb motes have USB programming capability
An IEEE 802.15.4 compliant, high data rate radio with integrated antenna, a low-power MCU
There are also equipped with extended memory and an optional sensor suite
26 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 27: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
TELOSB MOTE
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks27
Ref:http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~culler/eecs194/labs/lab1/telosb.JPG
![Page 28: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
One Example Sensor Board - MTS310
28 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 29: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
One More Example of Sensor Board - MTS400/420 Besides the functions of MTS 300, it mainly adds
GPS functionality
Further Readinghttp://firebug.sourceforge.net/gps_tests.htm
29 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 30: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Hardware Setup Overview
30 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 31: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Programming Board (MIB520)
31 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 32: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
One Proposed WSN Functional Layer Decomposition
Ref: Fig. 1.1 of J. Polastre Dissertation
32 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 33: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Architecture to Build WSN Applications
Ref: Fig. 2.1 of J. Polastre Dissertation33 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 34: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks Disclaimer: a. Information included in this slides came from multiple sources. We have tried our best to cite.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649da15503460f94a8cc82/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
References1. Eschenauer, L., and V. Gligor, “A Key-Management Scheme for Distributed
Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ACM CCS), Washington DC, pp. 41-47, 2002
2. http://www.xbow.com/products/Product_pdf_files/Wireless_pdf/MICA2_Datasheet.pdf
3. http://www.ece.osu.edu/~bibyk/ee582/telosMote.pdf4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Sensor_Networks5. http://arri.uta.edu/acs/networks/WirelessSensorNetChap04.pdf6. http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mdw/course/cs263/papers/jhill-thesis.pdf7. http://www.polastre.com/papers/polastre-thesis-final.pdf8. www.cse.fau.edu/~jie/teaching/fall_2004_files/sensorslides1.ppt9. http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/cs/aggarwal/cs60520/SeminarMaterial/WSN-
future.ppt10. http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~nbulusu/talks/grace-hopper.ppt11. http://galaxy.cs.lamar.edu/~bsun/wsn/wsn.html12. www.dsc.ufcg.edu.br/~maspohn/katia/introduction.ppt13. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/mote1.htm
34 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks