Introduction to the theme of Flowers for Algernon Selective Reduction.
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Introduction to the theme of Flowers for Algernon Selective Reduction
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Transcript of Introduction to the theme of Flowers for Algernon Selective Reduction.
Introduction to the theme of
Flowers for Algernon
Selective Reduction
Introduction
The main character in Flowers for Algernon is a mentally- retarded adult male named Charlie. He is selected
to be the “guinea pig” for an experimental surgery because the
doctors consider him “expendable.”
Could this really happen in real life?It happens every day.
Quality of LifeEvery day doctors, emergency personnel, and families
decide who is “expendable.” This is usually determined based on the expected
“quality of life” of the “expendable” person.
• The fireman only has time to save one person from the burning house
• The doctor chooses which one of the seriously injured soldiers is most likely to thrive as a result of having an operation
• The police and paramedics decide which of the accident victims to save
• The parent decides which conjoined twin to save
Every day YOU look at different people and
decide who is “worth” listening to, getting to
know, and being friends with based on the “value”
you place on their life.
Life Boat Theory• Imagine that you were on a ship that has just sunk. You managed to
make it to the last life boat. However, there are 9 people on the life boat that is only designed for four. So, 5 people have to either voluntarily get off the life boat or be thrown overboard by a majority rule. Getting off the life boat means certain death.
• Your assignment is to decide who should remain on the life boat. The following is a list of the 9 people on board:
A 17 year-old, mentally-retarded girl An infant whose parents died when the ship sank A 30 year-old genius A 50 year-old who doesn’t know that his cancer has returned. A 70 year-old woman who requires the aid of a walker An obese, 40 year-old mother of three young children A ex-convict who was in prison for murder You Your mother
Which life should be allowedto continue to exist?
Premature baby born at just Elderly man with a
26 weeks gestation terminal illness
8.6 ounces
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-12/22/xin_07120122105460401912.jpg
How Could a Life be Terminated Legally?
Rarely do we have to “throw someone overboard,” but there are four legal ways
in which we end a life due to “lack of quality”:
1. Abortion2. Euthanasia
3. Assisted Suicide4. Fertility Treatments
#1 - Abortion• An abortion is the removal or expulsion of an
embryo or fetus from the uterus, resulting in or caused by its death.
• The spontaneous expulsion of a fetus or embryo before the 20th week is commonly known as a miscarriage.
• Induced abortion is the removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus by medical, surgical, or other means at any point during human pregnancy for therapeutic or elective reasons.
• The approximate number of induced abortions performed worldwide in 2003 was 42 million.
Abortion• In spite of effective and widely available birth control methods, more
than half of the 6 million pregnancies occurring each year in the United States are considered unplanned by the women who are pregnant. Of these unplanned pregnancies, about half end in abortion.
• Abortions performed prior to 9 weeks are performed either surgically (a procedure) or medically (with drugs).
From 9 weeks until 14 weeks, an abortion is performed by a dilatation and suction curettage procedure.
• After 14 weeks, surgical abortions are performed by a dilatation and evacuation procedure.
• After 20 weeks of gestation, abortions can be performed by labor induction, prostaglandin labor induction, saline infusion, dilatation and extraction, or partial birth abortion.
Euthanasia / Assisted Suicide
What is the difference betweeneuthanasia and assisted suicide?
• One way to distinguish them is to look at the last act – the act without which death would not occur.
• Using this distinction, if a third party performs the last act that intentionally causes a patient’s death, euthanasia has occurred. For example, giving a patient a lethal injection or putting a plastic bag over her head to suffocate her would be considered euthanasia.
• On the other hand, if the person who dies performs the last act, assisted suicide has taken place. Thus it would be assisted suicide if a person swallows an overdose of drugs that has been provided by a doctor for the purpose of causing death. It would also be assisted suicide if a patient pushes a switch to trigger a fatal injection after the doctor has inserted an intravenous needle into the patient’s vein.
#2 - Euthanasia • Notice that the caption says,
“It’s about mercy.”
• The adults are giving this child medicine that will kill him – because both of his parents died of Aids and he has Aids
• Isn’t it more merciful to kill him than to let him grow up sick in an orphanage?
• The government will have to pay for all of his medicine and all of his living necessities.
Definitions of EuthanasiaEuthanasia: the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. (The key word here is "intentional". If death is not intended, it is not an act of euthanasia)
Voluntary euthanasia: When the person who is killed has requested to be killed.
Non-voluntary: When the person who is killed made no request and gave no consent.
Involuntary euthanasia: When the person who is killed made an expressed wish to the contrary.
Assisted suicide: Someone provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to take his or her own life with the intention that they will be used for this purpose. When it is a doctor who helps another person to kill themselves it is called "physician assisted suicide."
Euthanasia By Action: Intentionally causing a person's death by performing an action such as by giving a lethal injection.
Euthanasia By Omission: Intentionally causing death by not providing necessary and ordinary (usual and customary) care or food and water.
Examples of Euthanasia
• Infanticide• Abortion• Premature babies• Concentration
Camps• Severely
handicapped• People who are
brain dead
• Capital punishment• People who are terminally ill• Severely mentally retarded• Elderly• Homeless• Drug Addicts
Infanticide = Euthanasia
• In the 1970’s, China was facing a population explosion; so thegovernment ordered a “one childper family law.”
• The government enforced this law with forced abortions and compulsory sterilizations.• In rural China where boys are valuedas extra hands who will support theirparents in their old age, and who will carry on the family name, girls areviewed as less desirable. If a baby if unwanted, she is abandoned, suffocated or drowned soon after birth. • This preference for male children has led to approximately 10,000 girlinfants being killed in China each year. • Now China has a major gender-ratio problem. China refers to this asthe “missing girl” phenomenon.
China's orphanages are full of girls who have been abandoned
People who are Mentally DisabledAre sometimes Aborted or Euthanized
People who are Physically Disabled are sometimes
Aborted or Euthanized
Cystic Fibrosis Quadriplegic Amputee
People who have a Physical DeformityAre sometimes Aborted or Euthanized
Conjoined Twins are sometimes Aborted or Euthanized
People who are HomelessAre sometimes the victims of
Euthanasia
People in 3rd World CountriesAre sometimes Euthanized
Capital Punishment is a form of Euthanasia
Lethal Injection
Gas ChamberElectric Chair
People who are quadriplegics or who are on a ventilator sometimes
request Assisted Suicide
People who are Terminally SickSometimes ask for Assisted Suicide
Dr. Kevorkian’s invention:
the death machine.
http://eslacs.tripod.com/english/danai-euthanasia.html
People who are Brain DeadSometimes receive non-voluntary
Assisted Suicide Terri Schiavo
Her feeding tube was removed
in 1993, after 13 years
in a vegetative state.
The Elderly sometimes ask forAssisted Suicide
People who are Drug AddictsSometimes ask for Assisted Suicide
#4 - In Infertility Treatment, Some Embryos are Sacrificed
while others are Saved
In Infertility Treatment,Frozen Embryos live in
Containers awaiting Adoption, Implantation,
or Disposal
Problems with Selective Reduction
1. Some people thrive even though life deals them unimaginable circumstances.
2. Who chooses whose life is not worth living?
Some people thrive even though life deals them unimaginable circumstances
Who Determines Whose Life is Worth Living? In Nazi Germany, Hitler decided that only the
Arian race was worthy of living
Results of one man deciding an entire group of people were not worthy to live:
Nazi GermanySeparating the men from the women. A concentration camp for men.
Nazi Germany:People were euthanized in the gas chamber
and then their bodies were burned in the furnaces
Gas Chamber Furnaces
Nazi Germany: Euthanasia Death Camps
Bodies waiting for cremation Mass grave
In Summary, There are at Least Four Legal types of
Selective Reduction
1. Abortion 3. Assisted Suicide2. Euthanasia 4. Fertility Treatments
All of them are used in America and in other parts of the world today. So, what happened to Charlie Gordon in the story Flowers for Algernon is definitely possible. Since it is possible, this novel could be considered science fiction. The author, Daniel Keyes, was against judging someone just because he/she has a handicap. Daniel Keyes’ theme for the novel is that EVERYONE is worthy to live and deserves to be treated with dignity and respect.
