Introduction to the Study of Government
Transcript of Introduction to the Study of Government
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INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
OF GOVERNMENT
Prepared by: ROHANIYA DALANDA
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The study of government is as
important as the study of history .
Three reasons why we
should our government1st,it would make us better
citizens of our republic.
The second reason is because
we are the government .
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We choose by means of elections
our national and local officials.
Finally, we should study our
government because it is our duty
to do so.Nobody can love the
Filipino better than the Filipinos
themselves said former PresidentJose P. Laurel.
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4 elements of state
1. People=is the most important element ofa state.
2. Territory=is the second essential elementof a state.
3. Government=is defined as the socialorganization through which the state carries
out its will. It came from the latin word
gubernaculum, which means ruder.
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A ruder=is a flat piece of wood or
metal attached to the stern back ofa ship in order to guide the ship of
state.
4. Independence or sovereignty=is
the fourth element of a state.
Sovereignty=is the supreme power
of the state to enforce its will upon
its citizens through laws.
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Origin of the state
Several theories about the origin of the state:
-Devine theory
-Social contract theory
-Force theory
Devine theoryis the oldest theory on how
states originated.
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Social contract theory became the most
important political theory 17thand 18th
centuries, replacing the devine theory.
Force theory- says that countries come and gobecause of force or domination by different
rulers.
Forms of governmentaccording to a greek
philosopher named Aristotle ( 384- 322 B.C).
this forms of government are as follows:
Monarchy, or rule by one person,
Aristocracy, or rule by a few persons,
Democracy, or rule by the majority ( most ) of
the the people.
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We shall look at tree more types of
government, namely:
=Constitutional monarchy.
=Dictatorships, authoritarian or totalitarian
governments.
=Modern democracies which may be either
a presidential or a parliamentary
government.
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A constitutional monarchy is ruled by a
monarch ( king or queen ) whos powers are
limited and not absolute. The monarch ischecked by other government officials and
by the rights of people.
Dictatorships, authoritarian and totalitarian
governments are states where a person or a
group of persons have imposed their will onthe people by force.
A democracy is a government of the people,
by the people and for the people.
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Presidential and Parliamentary
governments. Both presidential and
parliamentary governments are twodifferent forms of governments in
modern democracies. A presidentialgovernment is based on the practice of
separation of powers between the
executive, legislative and judicialbranches of government. The president
is independent of the legislative or law
makin bod .
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A parliamentary government is one
where the executive and legislative
branches are merged and united. Underthe 1973 constitution, the Philippines
was supposed to have a parliamentary
government. President Marcos imposed
a mixed presidential- parliamentary form
of government, which in reality was anauthoritarian rule by one month.
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Democracy or communism. According to the 1935
constitution, the Philippines is a republican state and a
democracy ( preamble and article II section 1). Democracy
has the following advantages or merits:
Democracy encourages all citizens to take an interest in
how a government is chosen in how it operates.
It gives people a sense of civic responsibility by making
them realize that the success or failure of the government
defends on them. In a democracy, the voice of the people
is the voice of God. ( vox populi, vox deix).
It reduces the danger of violent revolution or military
takeover because the people can make changes by
peaceful election or by constitutional amendments.
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Democracy also has its disadvantages
on faults: among of this are as follows:
Democracy is slow, fickle andextravagant.
Corrupt and dishonest officials maybeelected to power because the masses
barter their ballots for money or
promises by unscrupulous politicians.Democracy may lead to the rule of the
mob or rule of the ignorant.
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Communism - is the very opposite of the
democracy.
The best form of government. Philosophersand political scientists who study the state
have often discussed what is the best form of
government. In practice, if may be said thatthe best type of government is the one which
can best provide for the many needs and
interests of the people in that society,according to their customs and traditions.
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