Introduction to the Recording Arts

7/23/2019 Introduction to the Recording Arts

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Aetrilumtaie ti tjbPbmirlaed Orts

@y ]joeeie Duee

]]H Miesihb

Anodb siurmb;jttps;//be.wacapblao.ird/waca/]ihalY]totbYHidam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_State_Logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_State_Logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_State_Logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_State_Logic


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Mipyradjt 06?2 ]joeeie DueeA]@E-?6; ?2?40


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LBLAMO\AIE

\jas `iic as lblamotbl ti jadj smjiih stulbets wji wasj ti stuly tjb ort ig oulaiprilumtaie. Ae tjb wirls ig Jorry Tottbrs, Ohwoys oan gir tjb stors, oel bvbe ag

yiu liet rbomj at, ot hbost yiuhh hoel ie tjb niie.


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MIE\BE\]

Lblamotaie a

Mjoptbr ?; Murramuhun Iuthaeb Vd ?

Mjoptbr 0; Aetrilumtaie ti Olvoembl Nusam \bmjeihidy Vd ?2

Mjoptbr =; Vjysams ig ]iuel Vd =?

Mjoptbr


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Aetrilumtaie ti tjb Pbmirlaed Orts

7


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:

?2.VsymjiomiustamsJiw wb jbor?7.Eiasb Aelumbl Jboraed Hiss (EAJH)?4.Tovbhbedtj?:.]pbbl ig ]iuel?1.Vjosaed (iptaieoh)

06.Jiw siuel wovbs omt ae laggbrbet notbraohs (iptaieoh)

Reat =; Bhbmtrieams Vranbr?. Bhbmtramaty0. Wihtodb=. Murrbet


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?6

Jiw ti Rsb \jas @iic\jas as oe bxphoeotaie lbsadebl gir nusam tbomjbrs wji wasj ti usb tjas ìic girnusam tbmjeihidy mhossbs ùt noy eit jovb o òmcdriuel ae oulai rbmirlaed.@osamohhy, oulai prilumtaie jos tjrbb stroels; tjbiry, promtamb, oel minpisataie.

\jb Vromtamb stroel aevihvbs hboreaed jiw ti sbt hbvbhs, rue o siuel ìorl,triu`hbsjiit, oel sbt up siuel systbn. \jb \jbiry stroel aevihvbs uelbrstoelaedtjb pjysams ig siuel, omiustams, oel bhbmtrieams. \jb Minpisataie stroel aevihvbs

tjb primbss ig mrbotaed siuels watj NALA ir hiips, wjamj as o rasaed aetbrbst aenoey olihbsmbets. At wiuhl `b aeminphbtb ti tbomj ieb watjiut tjb itjbr. Giraestoemb, yiu ebbl tjbiry (pjysams ig siuel oel bhbmtrieams) ti uelbrstoel jiw tipripbrhy usb tjb siuel ìorl (promtamb). Bomj ieb ig tjbsb stroels aegirns tjbitjbr oel bomj as ebmbssory ti omminphasj o wbhh-riuelbl blumotaie ae nusamtbmjeihidy.

Nist ig tjb morbbrs ae oulai prilumtaie gimus nirb ie tjb tjbiry oel promtamb oelhbss ie tjb minpisataie. \jbrbgirb, tjas ìic as strumturbl nirb tiworl tjbtjbiry/promtamb salb. \jas ìic as omtuohhy tjb sbmiel ìic ae o twi ìic sbrabs.

\jb garst ìic tbomjbs nirb ig tjb minpisataie salb, watj ossadenbets dborbl

tiworl mrbotaed sieds watj hiips, NALA, oel syetjbsazbrs. Ae tjb garst ìic,stulbets hbore jiw ti miestrumt siuels grin smrotmj usaed ismahhotirs oel syetjphudaes os wbhh os li sinb hadjt rbmirlaed watj pilmostaed. \jb dioh ig tjas ìic asti dbt stulbets nirb mingirto`hb rueeaed oel triu`hbsjiitaed o havb siuel systbnos wbhh os davaed tjbn troaeaed ae tjb ort ig oulai bedaebbraed.

Nusam \bmjeihidy

Minpistaie

\jbiry

Vromtamb


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??

Bvbry mhoss noy jovb tjrbb ports; ebw tjbiry miembpts, opphyaed tjisb miembpts tio siuel ìorl, oel tjbe wircaed ie o minputbr watj nusam tbmjeihidy sigtworb.]inb ig tjb omtavatabs gir tjb promtamb stroel jovb `bbe aemirpirotbl aeti tjasìic.

Ot tjb bel ig bomj hbssie, oe omtavaty wahh b hastbl wjamj wiuhl `b usbl ti opphytjot hbssie ti promtamoh usb ae o havb siuel sbtup.

Ag yiu orb o tbomjbr oel yiu wasj ti usb tjas ìic ae yiur mhossbs, yiu orb wbhminbti ommbss tjb cbys, tbsts, quazzbs, siurmb oulai gahbs, oel ViwbrViaet prbsbetotaiesusbl ae mhoss. Vhbosb usb o vohal tbomjbr bnoah ollrbss oel mietomt ]joeeie Duee otkozztitjbìebFdnoah.min.Vut ae tjb su`kbmt sinbtjaed hacb, Pbqubst gir @iicCbys.]jb wahh sbel yiu o zap gahb watj bvbrytjaed ie at oel noy osc yiu ti wratb orbvabw ie Onozie ae bxmjoedb. Onozie rbvabws wahh jbhp tjb ìic doae tromtaie

os itjbrs orb hiicaed gir rbsiurmbs ti tbomj nusam tbmjeihidy. \joecs gir yiuraetbrbst oel jipbguhhy tjas ìic moe `b jbhpguh ti yiu!

Pbdorlaed tjb strumturb ig tjb miursb, jbrb as o suddbstbl Murramuhun Nop;

Tbbc \jbiry Vromtamb Minpisataie/Minputbr]cahhs

? Morbbrs ]iuel @iorlsHbvbh ?

0 Jastiry igPbmirlaed

]iuel @iorlsHbvbh ?

= Oeohid vs. Ladatoh Virto`hb VOsystbns

?st]ied, ]cahhs \utiraohs #?oel #0 ae Oppbelax O(]phattaed mhaps, blataed)

< GrbqubemyGrbqubemy ]pbmtrun

Jiw ti sbt upo Vrikbmtir oelolkust cbystieb

]cahhs \utiraoh #= aeOppbelax O (Mrissgolb) oel#< (]tbrbi vs. Niei) ae

Oppbelax O2 How ig Aetbrgbroemb

Vurb oel Minphbx\iebsEilbs/Oeta Eilbs

Tovbgirns

B_ ie ]iuel@iorl

]cahhs \utiraoh #2 oel #7 aeOppbelax O (B_lbniestrotaie, \bhbpjieb

Wiamb)

7 Onphatulb ]cahhs \utiraoh #4 oel #: aeOppbelax O (]potaoh ospbmt igsiuel, hastbeaed bxbrmasbs)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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?0

4 Eiasb AelumblJboraed Hiss(EAJH)

Jboraed \bst Johhiwbbe ir Taetbr ]ied

: VsymjiomiustamsTovbhbedtj

]pbbl ig ]iuel

]cahhs \utiraoh #1, #?6, #??,Olkust hbvbhs ie o prbvaiushy

rbmirlbl sied os promtamb girsbttaed hbvbhs

1 Pbvabw, Reat ?Vjysams ig ]iuel

\bst?6tjriudj? YYYYYY cJz

m) =666 Jz > YYYYY cJzl) YYYYY cJzb) 2666 Jz > YYYYY cJzg) 7 cJz > YYYYYYYYY Jzd) 4 cJz > YYYYYYYYY Jzj) : cJz > YYYYYYYYYY Jza) 1.2 cJz > YYYYYYYYYYYY Jz

7. Tjot as tjb grbqubemy roedb ig bxtrbnbhy diil jboraed9 YYY Jz ti YYY cJz


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Pbsieoet Grbqubemy (Iptaieoh)GPB_RBEMQtjb eun`br ig mymhbs ae o sbmiel

PB]IEOE\ GPB_RBEMQ\jb grbqubemy ot wjamj o mbrtoae notbraoh

onphagabs hiulbr tjoe itjbrs

Pbsieoet grbqubemy as oe anpirtoet oel aetbrbstaed pjbeinbeie ti stuly giromiustams oel siuel lbsade. Laggbrbet notbraohs va`rotb ae laggbrbet woys wjbe osiuel wovb possbs tjriudj tjbn. Ollataieohhy, tjb sjopb oel sazb oel wjbtjbr ireit tjb i`kbmt as jihhiw wahh lbtbrnaeb tjb rbsieoet grbqubemy ig tjb notbraoh.

Tjbe yiu phomb oe i`kbmt watj o mbrtoae rbsieoet grbqubemy ebxt ti o siuel siurmbot tjot grbqubemy, at wahh mousb tjb betarb i`kbmt ti va`rotb ot tjb sonb puhsotaie ostjb grbqubemy. ]i, gir aestoemb, ag tjb rbsieoet grbqubemy as


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xr0?z?M[2A7]vA`CATV_

\jb pamturb `bhiw sjiws jiw wjbe yiu supbranpisb twi wovbs tjot orb jovaedsanahor lasphombnbet, o ebw wovb as mrbotbl tjot as twamb os `ad. Ie tjb radjt, yiumoe sbb ag twi wovbs jat bomj itjbr tjot orb ae ippisatb pjosb, tjby wahh moembh bomjitjbr iut.

Vjiti mrblatjttps;//jb.wacapblao.ird/waca/%L4%10%L4%1MY%L4%O0%L4%12%L4%1B%L4%1=.
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/u10l3c.cfmhttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/u10l3c.cfmhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr21z1CZ54Ihttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr21z1CZ54Ihttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6SvIbKIWPQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6SvIbKIWPQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6SvIbKIWPQhttps://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6SvIbKIWPQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xr21z1CZ54Ihttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/u10l3c.cfm


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Jiw tjb paoei tieb jos sbvbroh jornieams prbsbet -jttp;//yiutu.`b/N@r_Q]DKdmc

Rebquoh, wbhh-tbnpbrbl tueaed systbns -jttp;//yiutu.`b/xkjEt-[csWw

@iwbl Waihae ]traed ae ]hiw Nitaie -jttp;//yiutu.`b/7KbyaN6QEiEGgaizmH_?w

Tjbe tjb guelonbetoh grbqubemy as 22 Jz, tjbe tjb grbqubemabs ig tjbjornieams wiuhl `b os gihhiws;

Tjbrb g > 22 Jz, tjb jornieams bquoh ?x, 0x, =x,

Guelonbetoh

Grbqubemy

> g

Jornieam Jornieam asnuhtaphb ig tjbguelonbetoh

Grbqubemy ig tjbJornieam

22 Jz ?st Jornieam ?g 22 Jz

0elJornieam 0g ??6 Jz

=rlJornieam =g ?72 Jz

Qs[CvHeg4wR

\bst yiur jboraed; jiw jadj moe yiu jbor9jttp;//www.yiutu`b.min/wotmj9v>j2hgvwp

Imtovb sparoh watj ivbrtieb sbrabs;jttp;//www.yiutu`b.min/wotmj9v>v]:VBN-iicm

Ga`ieomma sbqubemb os at rbhotbs ti nusam;jttp;//www.yiutu`b.min/wotmj9v>0p`Borwlusm

jttp;//www.yiutu`b.min/wotmj9v>]RxmGO6r


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2=

EonbYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Lotb YYYYY Vbrail YYYYYY

JOPNIEAM] WIMO@RHOPQ

?. Guelonbetoh \ieb;

0. Jornieams;

=. Tjot lbtbrnaebs tan`rb, ir tieb mihir9

YYYY Jz > 72 Jz x ?

0elJornieam > YYYY Jz > 72 Jz x 0

=rlJornieam > YYYY Jz > 72 Jz x =

YYYY Jz > 72 Jz x YYYY Jz > 72 Jz x 2

7tjJornieam > YYYY Jz > 72 Jz x 7

4tjJornieam > YYYY Jz > 72 Jz x 4

:tjJornieam > YYYY Jz > 72 Jz x :

1tj

Jornieam > YYYY Jz > 72 Jz x 1?6tjJornieam > YYYY Jz > 72 Jz x ?6


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Ivbrtiebs (iptaieoh)IWBP\IEB]; Ivbrtiebs orb tjb sonb os jornieams, bxmbpt tjb ?stivbrtieb astjb sonb os tjb sbmiel jornieam, oel si girtj.

Ae pjysams, wb mohh tjb nuhtaphbs ig tjb guelonbetoh jornieams oel rbgbr ti tjbguelonbetoh tieb os tjb garst jornieam. Ae òel mhoss, tjby mohh tjb guelonbetohtieb tjb guelonbetoh, oel tjb 0eljornieam as mohhbl tjb ?stivbrtieb. \jb sbmielivbrtieb as tjb =rljornieam, oel si girtj. \jas moe `b miegusaed ti swatmj òmcoel girtj `btwbbe tjb twi einbemhoturbs.

Tjbe yiu phumc ir ìw o straed, at wahh va`rotb ot tjb guelonbetoh grbqubemy. \jbpamturb `bhiw lbniestrotbs wjbe yiu phumc o ìw ir straed ot tjb johgwoy, ?/=rl

woy, oel piaet ie tjb straed. Bomj tanb yiu mjoedb tjb hbedtj ig tjb straed os onuhtaphb ig tjb iradaeoh hbedtj, yiu wahh phoy o nuhtaphb ig tjb guelonbetoh, ir ojornieam.

Ivbr tanb, aestrunbetohasts jovb gadurbl iut tjb Ivbrtieb ]brabs ir tjb tiebstjot orb rbsieoet ie o portamuhor aestrunbet ohsi haeb up watj tjb jornieams. Oscahhbl nusamaoe moe phoy ohh ig tjb eitbs `bhiw watj ieb gaedbraed ie o `rossaestrunbet.

Anodb siurmb;Jyomaetjot tjbBedhasj hoeduodb Tacapblao
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Hyacinthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Hyacinthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Hyacinthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Hyacinth


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Imtovbs oel tjb 0el,


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Eonb YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYLotb YYYYY Vbrail YYYYY

Imtovbs Pbvabw

?. Tjot as tjb grbqubemy ieb imtovb o`ivb


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OnphatulbONVHA\RLBtjb noxanun lasphombnbet ig tjb portamhbs grin tjbar iradaeohphomb. Onphatulb as nbosurbl os tjb aetbesaty ig tjb siuel prbssurb hbvbh (]VH).

Onphatulb as ceiwe os tjb strbedtj irpiwbrig o wovb sadeoh. Ae omiustams, at astjb jbadjt ig o wovb wjbe vabwbl os o dropj. At as jborl osvihunb, ir hiulebss.

\jus tjb eonb onphagabr gir o lbvamb wjamj nocbs tjb duator hiulbr. Os tjbsiuel wovb mietaeubs ti lasphomb portamhbs ae o wovb gosjaie, at as lasphomaed bebrdy.

\jot as wjy tjb siuel dbts wbocbr os at dibs gortjbr grin ats siurmb. \jb bebrdy aslasphombl ae tjb girn ig jbot.

Onphatulb as dropjbl os tjb jbadjt ig tjb siuel wovb. \jb jadjbr tjb wovb, tjbnirb tjb portamhbs orb `baed lasphombl, tjus tjb lbesbr tjb oar, oel tjb hiulbr tjbsiuel.


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Lbma`bhsLBMA@BH] orb tjb tbrn wb usb ti nbosurb pbrmbavbl hiulebss. Ir, nirbspbmagamohhy, tjb tbrn ti nbosurb ]IREL VPB]]RPB HBWBH. \jb siuel

prbssurb hbvbh as tjb aetbesaty ig tjb lasphombnbet ig portamhbs.\jas mjort `bhiw lbsmra`bs tjb oniuet ig tanb yiu moe hastbe ti o mbrtoae hiulebss`bgirb yiu jovb jboraed hiss ir jboraed lonodb.

\jas as o mjort tjot lbsmra`bs tjb pbrmbavbl hiulebss ig laggbrbet siuel siurmbs. Ietjb hbgt as tjb nbosurbnbet ae l@, ir lbma`bhs. Ie tjb radjt as nbosurbnbet ae Vo,

ir Vosmohs. Eitb, ag tjbrb as jboraed hiss, jipbguhhy at as tbnpirory, oel moe `brbmtagabl `y hbttaed tjb bors rbst.


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7?

Aevbrsb ]quorb How\jb AEWBP]B ]_ROPB HOT,wjbe opphabl ti oulai, stotbs tjot tjb aetbesatyig o siuel lrips `y 7 l@ gir bomj liu`haed ig lastoemb grin tjb siurmb. Ae itjbr

wirls, tjas nboes tjot gir bomj tanb yiu liu`hb tjb lastoemb `btwbbe yiursbhg oeltjb siuel siurmb, tjb piwbr ig tjb oulai lrips `y 42% - o goarhy sadeagamoetoniuet!

\jas as o pamturb ig tjb aevbrsb squorb how os at rbhotbs ti hadjt wovbs. \jb miembpt astjb sonb gir siuel wovbs.

]iurmb;jttps;//minnies.wacanblao.ird/waca/Gahb;AevbrsbYsquorbYhow.svd
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inverse_square_law.svghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inverse_square_law.svghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inverse_square_law.svghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inverse_square_law.svg


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7=

Eonb YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Lotb YYYYY Vbrail YYYYYYOnphatulb Pbvabw

?. Onphatulb;

0. Onphatulb as nbosurbl os tjb YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY ig tjb siuel prbssurb hbvbh.

=. ]iuel prbssurb hbvbh;


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72

VsymjiomiustamsV]QMJIOMIR]\AM]tjb stuly ig jiw junoes pbrmbavb siuel.

\jbpaeeo smiips tjb siuel girworl, gimusaed bebrdy aeti tjb bor moeoh. At ohsi

`himcs jadj grbqubemabs grin `bjael yiu. \jb bor lrun as o troeslumbr wjamjmievbrts omiustam nbmjoeamoh bebrdy ti eburies. \jb ebrvb puhsbs tjbe trovbh titjb `roae wjbrb tjby orb pbrmbavbl. At as anpirtoet ae oulai bedaebbraed ti tocb aetiommiuet eit iehy tjb nbmjoeams ig tjb bevarienbet, `ut ohsi tjb gomt tjot tjb `roaeoel bor ig tjb hastbebr orb aevihvbl ae o pbrsie's hastbeaed bxpbrabemb.

Aesalb tjb mimjhbo orb taey hatthb joar mbhhstjot nivb wjbe jat `y o siuel wovb.Jboraed lonodb immurs wjbe tjisb joars dbt `bet. \jby di liwe ogtbr o mbrtoaeoniuet ig tanb oel bvbetuohhy lie't minb up. Jbrb's o valbi ie jiw jboraed

wircs;jttp;//jboraedjbohtjgiuelotaie.ird/tbnphotbYvalbi.pjp9al>=
http://hearinghealthfoundation.org/template_video.php?id=3http://hearinghealthfoundation.org/template_video.php?id=3http://hearinghealthfoundation.org/template_video.php?id=3http://hearinghealthfoundation.org/template_video.php?id=3


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77

Jiw Iur Jboraed Tircsoeitjbr woy ig bxphoaeaed at

Os siuel possbs tjriudj bomj bor, at sbts igg o mjoae rbomtaie tjot miuhl `bminporbl ti tjb tipphaed ig o riw ig linaeibs. Garst, tjb iutbr bor mihhbmtsprbssurb (ir siuel) wovbs oel gueebhs tjbn tjriudj tjb bor moeoh. \jbsb

va`rotaies stracb tjb borlrun, tjbe tjb lbhamotb `iebs ig tjb nallhb bor mielumt tjbva`rotaies ti tjb ghual ae tjb aeebr bor. \jas stanuhotbs tjb taey ebrvb belaeds, mohhbljoar mbhhs, wjamj troesgirn tjb va`rotaies aeti bhbmtri-mjbnamoh anpuhsbs. \jbanpuhsbs trovbh ti tjb `roae wjbrb tjby orb uelbrstiil os siuels yiu rbmideazb.


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74

Jboraed HissJiw hied moe yiu hastbe ti nusam ie o pjieb watjiut jovaed jboraed hiss9

Ot ?66% Wihunb > 2 naeutbs ti jboraed hiss

Ot 16% vihunb > ?: naeutbs ti jboraed hiss

Ot :6% vihunb > ? jiur ?0 naeutbs

Ot 46% vihunb > < jiurs =7 naeutbs

Ot 76% vihunb > ?: jiurs

Ot 26% vihunb > uehanatbl

Vhbosb rbgbr ti tjb anodb ie tjb gihhiwaed jypbrhaec ti sbb laggbrbet hbvbhs ighiulebss gir laggbrbet lbvambs.

jttp;//www.`bttbrjboraed.ird/jboraedpblao/jboraed-hiss-prbvbetaie/eiasb-aelumbl-jboraed-hiss

EAJH > Eiasb Aelumbl Jboraed Hiss

EAJH as ?66% prbvbeto`hb!

Jboraed Hiss

]ynptins ig Jboraed Hiss

Qiu sjiuhl suspbmt o jboraed hiss ag yiu;

?. jovb o gonahy jastiry ig jboraed hiss

0. jovb `bbe rbpbotblhy bxpisbl ti jadj eiasb hbvbhs

=. orb aemhaebl ti `bhabvb tjot "bvbry`ily nun`hbs" ir "pbiphb lie't spbocos mhborhy os tjby usbl ti"


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7:

Vsymjiomiustams MietaeublV]QMJIOMIR]\AM]tjb stuly ig jiw junoes pbrmbavb siuel

OEBMJIAM MJON@BP -o riin wjbrb tjbrb as ei siuel rbghbmtbl igg tjb

wohhs. Ohh siuel as o`sir`bl aeti tjb wohhs oel itjbr notbraohs. Ae tjb mjon`bryiu moe jbor yiur stinomj, jbort, oel bvbe yiur bor.

jttp;//lsm.lasmivbry.min/hagb/wirhls-quabtbst-riin-wahh-lravb-yiu-mrozy-ae-=6-naeutbs.jtnh

jttp;//yiutu.`b/uYLbsCrJo?R

Luraed o rimc miembrt, tjbrb as o tbnpirory tjrbsjihl sjagt. \jb `roae dro`snusmhbsie tjb bor lrun oel tadjtbes at ti ture liwe tjb vihunb watjaeyiur bor. Os o rbsuht, bedaebbrs wahh droluohhy ture up tjb vihunb tjriudjiuttjb bvbeaed. Ogtbr o wjahb, tjb nusmhbs dbt tarbl oel lie't jihl `omc tjb

vihunb hbvbhs os numj.

@AEORPOH JBOPAED- Tb jbor watj twi bors oel at's sbporotbl `y ospomb, ir `ogghb (yiur `roae)

LQEONAM POEDB IG JRNOE JBOPAED; 6?06 l@, eirnoh as ?6l@ ti ?06 l@

]\BPBIVJIEAM ]IREL]tbrbipjieam siuel lbvbhipbl ae tjb hotb?1


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\ANB IG OPPAWOHAt tocbs oìut 4 nahhasbmiels (tjiusoeltjs ig o sbmiel)gir tjb siuel ti trovbh grin tjb bor ti tjb `roae ol dbt primbssbl.

B_ROH HIRLEB]] MIE\IRP]Bquoh Hiulebss Mietiur as onbosurbnbet ig pbrmbavbl hiulebss (l@ ]VH) ivbr tjb grbqubemy spbmtrun gir

wjamj o hastbebr pbrmbavbs o miestoet hiulebss wjbe prbsbetbl watj purb stbolytiebs. @osamohhy, at as tjb miembpt tjot junoes jbor laggbrbet grbqubemabs ot laggbrbethbvbhs. Gir aestoemb, wjbe yiu ture liwe tjb vihunb, junoes moe't jbor ti òss os

wbhhtjot's `bmousb ig tjb paeeo, eit tjb spbocbrs. Junoes orb rbohhy sbesatavb aetjb =666 ti 2666 Jz roedbwjamj ohsi joppbes ti `b wjbrb tjb ò`y's mry rbsalbs.

Anodb siurmb; Tacanblao Minnies (Vu`ham linoae)

GHB\MJBP NRE]IE MRPWB] -\jb Ghbtmjbr Nuesiedropj as o pamturbig tjb rbspiesb ig tjb junoe bor ot laggbrbet hbvbhs. @osamohhy, tjas pamturb stotbsjiw hiul o grbqubemy jos ti `b ti `b jborl ot tjb sonb hbvbh os oeitjbr grbqubemy.Gir aestoemb, ae irlbr ti jbor =6 Jz os tjb sonb hiulebss os =666 Jz, yiu jovbti onphagy tjb =6 Jz `y oìut 26 l@ nirb tjoe tjb =666 Jz. \jas ohh jos ti li

watj tjb rbsieoet grbqubemabs watjae tjb bor moeoh oel tjb strumturb ig tjb bor.Eitamb tjb dropj's grbqubemabs orb ie o hidoratjnam smohb (squasjbl liwe tinocb at nirb rbprbsbetotavb ig wjot wb wiuhl pbrmbavb.)


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\jas as anpirtoet ti uelbrstoel wjahb naxaedliwe nusam `bmousb at nocbs o àdlaggbrbemb rbdorlaed wjamj grbqubemabs ti bnpjosazb oel lb-bnpjosazb ae yiurnusam. \jas as wjy yiu jovb ti ture up tjb òss ti jbor at. \jus tjb usb ig tjbsu`wiigbr ir spbocbr lblamotbl ti òss siuels iehy.


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Eonb YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Lotb YYYYYYYY

V]QMJIOMIR]\AM] WIMO@RHOPQ

?. Tjy li wb typamohhy nax nusam ti stbrbi (0 spbocbrs)9

0.

As tjb bors sbesatavaty ti siuel hidoratjnam ir haebor9=. Tjy orb lbma`bhs (l@) bttbr gir nbosuraed hiulebss tjoe o`sihutb

aetbesaty9

Rsaed tjb Ghbtmjbr Nuesiedropj `bhiw, oeswbr tjb gihhiwaed qubstaies;


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Tovbhbedtj

TOWBHBED\J\jb hbedtj ig ieb minphbtb mymhb ig tjb wovb. At as ohsi ceiwe

os tjb lastoemb `btwbbe twi ig tjb sonb piaets ae o siuel wovb.

Tovbhbedtj > ]pbbl ig ]iuel/Grbqubemy

\jb hordbr tjb wovbhbedtj, tjb hiwbr tjb grbqubemy, oel vamb vbrso.

Eitamb tjb wovb jos ti di liwe, tjbe up, tjbe liwe odoae ti minphbtb tjb mymhb.

Vjiti mrblat @ryoe Lbrcsbe (ie Bedhasj Tacapblao) otjttps;//minnies.wacanblao.ird/waca/Gahb;Tovbhbedtj.ped.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wavelength.pnghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wavelength.pnghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wavelength.png


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Eonb YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Lotb YYYYYYY Vbrail YYYYYY

TOWBGIPN] WIMO@RHOPQ

?.

Tjot as tjb notjbnotamoh rbhotaiesjap `btwbbe wovbhbedtj, vbhimaty,oel grbqubemy9

0. Ag o siuel wovb as trovbhhaed ae oar oel jos o grbqubemy ig 06cJz,wjot as tjb wovbhbedtj9 (tocb tjb vbhimaty ig siuel ae oar ti `b =


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How ig Aetbrgbrbemb PbvabwPbvabw ig tjb HOT IG AE\BPGBPBEMB;\jb How ig Aetbrgbrbemb stotbstjot wjbe twi siuel wovbs jat bomj itjbr, tjby wahh batjbr rbaegirmb bomj itjbr ir

moembh bomj itjbr iut. \wi ir nirb siuel wovbs wahh trovbh tjriudj oey nblaunoel minàeb tidbtjbr ti nocb o ebw minphbx tieb.

Pbvabw ig PBAEGIPMBNBE\wjbe twi sanahor siuel wovbs nbbt ot tjbsonb phomb oel orb ìtj ot jadj prbssurb orbos

Pbvabw ig MOEMBHHO\AIEwjbe twi sanahor siuel wovbs nbbt ot tjb sonbphomb oel ieb as ot o jadj prbssurb hbvbh wjahb tjb itjbr as ot o hiw prbssurb hbvbh.

Ag twi wovbs nbbt, tjby moe batjbr moembh bomj itjbr iut ir bejoemb bomj itjbr'shiulebss.

Ag tjby orb ot tjb sonb grbqubemy; (sumj os twi spbocbrs bnattaed tjb sonb

siuel)Ag tjb siuel wovbs nbbt ae o phomb wjbrb ìtj wovbs orb ot o jadj siuel prbssurbhbvbh, ir vihunb, tjbar vihunb dbts liu`hbl. \jas as wjy, wjbe twi aestrunbetohastsphoy bxomthy ae tueb tjb siuel as twamb os hiul. Mievbrsbhy, ag twi sanahor siuel

wovbs nbbt oel ieb as ot o jadj prbssurb hbvbh wjahb tjb itjbr as ot o hiw prbssurbhbvbh, tjbe tjby moe moembh bomj itjbr iut ti mrbotb sahbemb. \jbrbgirb, watj bvbry 0spbocbr phombnbet, tjbrb wahh `b lbol spits ae tjb riin. Qiu moe tbst tjas `y

wohcaed oriuel oel hastbeaed ae tjb oulatiraun.

Ag tjby orb ot laggbrbet grbqubemabs;tjb siuel wovbs batjbr rbaegirmb bomj itjbrir moembh bomj itjbr oel o ebw wovb as girnbl.

Mhamc jbrb ti sbb o diil tutiraoh ie jiw siuel wovbs aetbromt watj bomj itjbr;jttp;//www.nblaomihhbdb.min/oulai/6?/wovb-aetbromtaie.jtnh
http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/01/wave-interaction.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/audio/01/wave-interaction.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/audio/01/wave-interaction.html


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\jb Reavbrsoh Opphamotaie ig tjb Howig Aetbrgbrbemb

\jbrb orb twi typbs ig siuel wovb aetbrgbrbemb; Miestrumtavb oel Lbstrumtavb

(sonb os rbaegirmbnbet oel moembhhotaie).

Aetbrgbrbemb moe joppbe wjbe;

?. Hbts soy twi spbocbrs orb bnattaed batjbr tjb sonb grbqubemabs (sonb sied).\jbsb spbocbrs orb nist hacbhy bnattaed tjb sonb grbqubemy, si tjbrb asmiestrumtavb aetbrgbrbemb. Miestrumtavb aetbrgbrbemb nboes tjot tjb siuel

wovb `bminbs hiulbr.0. \wi aestrunbetohasts ir siuel siurmbs bnat laggbrbet grbqubemabs, rbsuhtaed

ae o min`aeotaie ig miestrumtavb oel lbstrumtavb aetbrgbrbemb.

Aetbrgbrbemb moe ohsi joppbe wjbe;=. \wi namripjiebs orb usbl.

Tjbe yiu phomb twi namripjiebs ie tjb sonb siuel siurmb, tjb siuelsadeohs grin bomj nam wahh di aeti tjb minputbr sigtworb os twi sbporotbtromcs. Bomj tromc as ollbl tidbtjbr ti nocb o ebw wovbgirn. Tbhh, tjbsonb hows ig aetbrgbrbemb opphy ae tjas satuotaie os wbhh. Lbpbelaed ie tjbphombnbet ig tjb nams, tjb siuel wahh mjoedb watj voraius miestrumtavb oellbstrumtavb aetbrgbrbemb ti mrbotb o ebw wovbgirn. \jbrbgirb, atsbxtrbnbhyanpirtoet ti ceiw jiw ti phomb namripjiebs pripbrhy,bspbmaohhy ag yiu orb usaed twi nams ie o saedhb siuel siurmb, sumj osivbrjbol nams ie lruns.


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Jbrb as oe bxonphb grin o rbmirlaed prikbmt. A jovb rbmirlbl twi sbporotb stbrbitromcs, sonb bxomt siuel, oel tjbe ìuembl at liwe ti tjb tjarl tromc wjamj as tjbrbsuhtaed wovbgirn. Ats òsamohhy tjb sonb, kust hiulbr.

Jbrb as oeitjbr bxonphb wjbrb A jovb rbmirlbl twi tromcs ùt tjb grbqubemabs orbshadjthy laggbrbet grin bomj itjbr. \jb twi grbqubemabs orb iut ig pjosb. \jb tiptwi tromcs orb eiw laggbrbet, rbsuhtaed ae o numj laggbrbet wovbgirn ot tjb tjarltromc.


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NAMPIVJIEB] IR\ IG VJO]B; wjbe twi nams moembh bomj itjbr iut

\jb sonb miembpts ig moembhhotaie oel rbaegirmbnbet gir siuel wovbs moe opphy tinamripjiebs os wbhh. Hbt's soy yiu'rb rbmirlaed watj twi namripjiebs ot tjb sonbtanb. Ag tjby orb `itj pamcaed up tjb sonb bxomt grbqubemy, oel ieb as phombl ot o

piaet ig jadj prbssurb, wjahb tjb itjbr as phombl ot tjb piaet ig hiw prbssurb, tjbetjby wahh omtuohhy moembh bomj itjbr iut wjbe yiu hastbe ti tjb twi tromcs min`aeblie tjb rbmirlaed. \jas as ceiwe os `baed iut ig pjosb. \jas as rbohhy anpirtoet

wjbe opphabl ti puttaed twi namripjiebs ie ieb duator onp ir usaed nuhtaphbnamripjiebs ie o lrun sbt.

Jbrb as o valbi tjot lbniestrotbs jiw liu`hb namripjieb phombnbet moe mousblaggbrbet grbqubemabs ti di ae oel iut ig pjosb gir o duator onp;

jttp;//yiutu.`b/4Yj1TkgkjNw

]tbvb Pbamj as o vbry gonius minpisbr wji igtbe usbs pjosaed ti mrbotb nusam.

jttp;//yiutu.`b/KTpjosb+assubs&iq>pjosb+assubs&dsYh>yiutu`b.=..6.?=01.0174.6.=067.?0.:.6.


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Eonb YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Lotb YYYYY Vbrail YYYYY

Vjosaed Pbvabw

?. Lbsmra`b wjot joppbes wjbe siuel wovbs jat bomj itjbr.

0. Tjot joppbes wjbe twi siuel wovbs ig tjb sonb grbqubemyjat bomjitjbr oel `itj orb ot tjb jadjbst piaet ae tjb wovb9

=. Tjot joppbes wjbe twi siuel wovbs ig tjb sonb grbqubemyjat bomjitjbr oel ieb as ot ats jadjbst piaet ae tjb wovb oel tjb itjbr as ot atshiwbst piaet ae tjb wovb9


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Jiw ]iuel Tovbs Omt Ae LaggbrbetNotbraohs (iptaieoh)

TOWB @BJOWAIPjiw siuel wovbs aetbromt watj laggbrbet su`stoembs oelnotbraohs

O@]IPV\AIEtjb primbss wjbrb siuel wovbs `bminb lbolbebl `y mbrtoaenotbraohs (tjb siuel bebrdy as o`sir`bl aeti tjb notbraoh). Jadj grbqubemabs dbtbosahy o`sir`bl aeti sigt notbraoh sumj os morpbt ir murtoaes. Hiw grbqubemabs wahhdi tjriudj sihal notbraoh sumj os wohhs numj nirb rbolahy tjoe jadj grbqubemabs.Hiw grbqubemabs wahh dbt o`sir`bl aeti jorl notbraohs bosabr tjoe jadj grbqubemabs.

PBGHBM\AIEtjb primbss ig siuel wovbs jattaed o notbraoh oel `iuemaed igg,sumj os wjbe siuel wovbs jat o wohh oel rbghbmt. Jadj grbqubemabs rbghbmt igg igjorl surgombs wjahb hiw grbqubemabs orb nirb hacbhy ti `b o`sir`bl ir di tjriudj

tjb jorl surgomb. Nuhtaphb rbghbmtaies rbsuht ae pbrmbavbl rbvbr`brotaie.O@]IPV\AIE MIBGGAMABE\tjb pbrmbetodb ig siuel bebrdy tjot aso`sir`bl aeti notbraoh

Ohh lbmanohs orb pbrmbetodbs (a.b.; .76 > 76%)

Eitamb tjot ae o morpbtbl riin, 76% ti 72% ig tjb 0 cJz oel < cJz grbqubemabswahh `b o`sir`bl.

O wiil ghiir wahh o`sir` o jadjbr pbrmbetodb ig hiw grbqubemabs tjoe jadj

grbqubemabs.


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JIT ]IREL TOWB] AE\BPOM\TA\J LAGGBPBE\ NO\BPAOH]

mietaeublLAGGPOM\AIEtjb `belaed ig siuel wovbs oriuel snohh i`stomhbs oel tjbsprbolaed ig siuel wovbs `byiel snohh ipbeaeds. Eitamb jiw tjb sazb ig tjbipbeaed oggbmts tjb trokbmtiry ig tjb sadeoh.

]bb tjas pamturb o`ivb ae omtaie jbrb;jttps;//minnies.wacanblao.ird/waca/Gahb;Tovbhbedtj%=Lshatwaltjspbmtrun.dag

Anodb mrblatsHiicoednoey tjoecs tiGu-Cwue Jwoedoeloutjir ig BosyKovo ]anuhotaie > Groemasmi Bsqubn`rbie Tacanblao minnies.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wavelength%3Dslitwidthspectrum.gifhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wavelength%3Dslitwidthspectrum.gifhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wavelength%3Dslitwidthspectrum.gifhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lookanghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lookanghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lookanghttp://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.phphttp://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.phphttp://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.phphttp://www.compadre.org/osp/items/detail.cfm?ID=7305http://www.compadre.org/osp/items/detail.cfm?ID=7305http://www.compadre.org/osp/items/detail.cfm?ID=7305http://www.compadre.org/osp/items/detail.cfm?ID=7305http://www.compadre.org/osp/items/detail.cfm?ID=7305http://www.compadre.org/osp/items/detail.cfm?ID=7305http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.phphttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lookanghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wavelength%3Dslitwidthspectrum.gifhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wavelength%3Dslitwidthspectrum.gif


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]iuel laggromtaie tjriudj o jihb.

Vjiti siurmb;Qddnmdahhie Tacanblao minnies.

PBGPOM\AIEPbgromtaie as tjb `belaed ig siuel wovbs ae jittbr ir miihbrtbnpbroturbs. Ae jit oar, siuel trovbhs gostbr. Ae miih oar, siuel trovbhs shiwbr.]iuel ohsi trovbhs gostbr ae junal oar.

Tjbe siuel wovbs jat orbos watj laggbrbet tbnpbroturbs, at as omtuohhy hacb jattaed owohh ir oe ommbhbroet. Dbebrohhy, siuel wovbs di tiworl miihbr tbnpbroturbs. Oteadjt, siuel wovbs di tiworl tjb driuel oel luraed tjb loy, siuel wovbs ditiworl tjb scy. \jbrbgirb, ag yiu orb rueeaed siuel ot o rimc miembrt tjot stortsluraed tjb loy oel bels ot eadjt, yiu noy ebbl ti nivb tjb spbocbrs ae `omc ig tjboulabemb ti omminnilotb. \jas as lub ti rbgromtaie.

Vjiti mrblats Qddnmdahh ie Tacanblao minnies.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Yggmcgill&action=edit&redlink=1https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Yggmcgill&action=edit&redlink=1https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Yggmcgill&action=edit&redlink=1https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Yggmcgill&action=edit&redlink=1


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Eonb YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Lotb YYYYY Vbrail YYYYYY

]IREL TOWB AE\BPOM\AIE] WIMO@RHOPQ

?. Tjamj grbqubemy as nirb hacbhy ti rbghbmt igg ig jorl surgombs9

0. Tjamj grbqubemy as nirb hacbhy ti `b o`sir`bl aeti morpbt9

=. Tjamj grbqubemy as nirb hacbhy ti `b o`sir bl aeti wiil ghiir9


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MJOV\BP < BHBM\PIEAM]VPANBP

Miembpts/\brns

Reats ig Nbosurbnbet; Wiht, Onpbrb, Ijn

Wihtodb

Murrbet

Pbsastoemb

Anpbloemb

Viwbr

]cahhs

@b o`hb ti usb tjb bquotaie A > W/P ti mohmuhotb murrbet, vihtodb, irrbsastoemb wjbe davbe tjb itjbr twi.

@b o`hb ti usb tjb bquotaie V > W*A ti mohmuhotb piwbr

@b o`hb ti ovial `hiwaed iut oe onp ir ivbrjbotaed spbocbrs


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Tjy hbore Bhbmtrieams9 Bhbmtramatyas tjb ghiw ig bhbmtries.

Ag yiu uelbrstoel bhbmtramaty, yiu moe gax mo`hbs, onps, siuel `iorls, oelnams. \jas nocbs yiu bxtrbnbhy vohuo`hb ti oey irdoeazotaie!

Ommirlaed ti tjb bedaebbr ot Mub Pbmirlaed stulais (grin iur gabhl trap hostybor)tjb o`ahaty ti gax bhbmtrieams as tjb eun`br ? scahh ebblbl ae stulaisradjt eiw.

Di shiw, tocb at bosy. At moe `b ivbrwjbhnaed ot garst ti try ti uelbrstoelsinbtjaed tjot yiu tocb gir droetbl. Li sinb rbsbormj ie yiur iwe, `bmuraius, oel osc hits ig qubstaies.

Aetrilumtaie ti bhbmtramaty;jttps;//www.yiutu`b.min/wotmj9v>BKbOu_4pcpm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJeAuQ7pkpchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJeAuQ7pkpchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJeAuQ7pkpc


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Murrbet Murrbet as tjb rotb tjot mjordb ghiws tjriudj o marmuat.

Murrbet as miesbrvbl ae o marmuat3 murrbet ghiwaed aeti o marmuat nust ghiw

iut ig at.

Murrbet as nbosurbl ae onpbrbs. (onps)

Tjot as tjb vihtodb oel murrbet gir yiur cby`iorl9

Mievbetaieoh Murrbet vs. Pboh Murrbet

Ae bhbmtrieams, rboh murrbet usuohhy lbsmra`bs tjb ghiw ig bhbmtries, wjamj orbebdotavbhy mjordbl.

Mievbetaieoh murrbet lbsmra`bs tjb ghiw ig jypitjbtamoh pisatavb mjordb ae omurrbet. Mievbetaieoh murrbet ghiws ae tjb ippisatb larbmtaie ig rbohmurrbet.

Marmuat laodrons orb lrowe usaed mievbetaieoh murrbet, wjahb, ae rbohaty, tjbmurrbet ghiws ae tjb ippisatb larbmtaie.

jttp;//www.na.nue.mo/usbrs/mmjouhc/bhtc??66/avsb/avsb.jtn

@bhiw as o sanphb bhbmtram marmuat, wjbrb murrbet as rbprbsbetbl `y tjb hbttbr a. \jbrbhotaiesjap `btwbbe tjb vihtodb (W), rbsastoemb (P), oel murrbet (A) as W>AP3 tjas asceiwe osIjn's How.
http://www.mi.mun.ca/users/cchaulk/eltk1100/ivse/ivse.htmhttp://www.mi.mun.ca/users/cchaulk/eltk1100/ivse/ivse.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s_Lawhttp://www.mi.mun.ca/users/cchaulk/eltk1100/ivse/ivse.htm


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Larbmt Murrbet vs. Ohtbreotaed Murrbet Larbmt murrbet ghiws ae ieb larbmtaie oel as tjb typb ig murrbet ovoaho`hb

watj o `ottbry

Ohtbreotaed murrbet ghiws ae twi larbmtaies oel as tjb typb ig murrbet tjotminbs iut ig tjb wohh simcbt

Ohtbreotaed murrbet ghiws ot 76 Jz, ir 76 mymhbs pbr sbmiel, oel moe bjborl wjbe tjbrb as o driuel hiip (ir sinb sirt ig uegaeasjbl bhbmtramohmarmuat)

Aetrilumtaie ti Bhbmtramaty;jttps;//www.yiutu`b.min/wotmj9v>BKbOu_4pcpm

Larbmt Murrbet immurs watj o `ottbry.

Ohtbreotaed Murrbet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJeAuQ7pkpchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJeAuQ7pkpchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJeAuQ7pkpc


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]brabs oel Vorohhbh Marmuats]i gor, ohh ig tjb lbniestrotaies jovb `bbe gir ieb lbvamb ae bomj marmuat. Tjot agyiu woet ti jovb nirb tjoe ieb lbvamb ae bomj marmuat9 Jiw li yiu oll nuhtaphb

lbvambs ti o marmuat9 \jbrb orb twi woys ti jiic nuhtaphb lbvambs ti ieb marmuat;porohhbh oel sbrabs.

Vorohhbh marmuat;bomj lbvamb as ollbl ti ats iwe `roemj grin tjb bhbmtramoh siurmb.Ae o porohhbh marmuat, bhbmtramaty possbs tjriudj `itj lbvambs ot tjb sonb tanb.

Vorohhbh marmuats davb tjb bhbmtries nuhtaphb potjwoys tjot tjby moe trovbh aeirlbr ti minphbtb tjb marmuat, si ag yiu uejiic ieb ig tjbn, tjb itjbrlbvambs stahh wirc

Bhbmtramaty oel marmuatsjttps;//www.yiutu`b.min/wotmj9v>L0nieWcMcZ


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Anpbloemb Wihtodb as tjb bhbmtrinitavb girmb tjot mousbs mjordb (murrbet) ti ghiw

tjriudj o marmuat.

Rehacb Wihtodb, Anpbloemb as o nbosurb ig tjb ivbrohh ippisataie ig omarmuat ti tjb ghiw ig murrbet.

Anpbloemb as ohsi ceiwe os rbsastoemb

Pbsastoemb as o nbosurb ig tjb rbstramtaie ig murrbet ghiw oel moe `bmohmuhotbl `y P(rbsastoemb) > W(vihtodb)/A(murrbet)

Pbsastoemb, ir anpbloemb, as nbosurbl ae Ijns

\jb girnuho o`ivb as mohhbl Ijns How, ir P > W/A, ir Ijns >Wihts/Onps

Pbsastoemb ae o marmuat as aelbpbelbet ig grbqubemy.

Anpbloemb as aeghubembl `y rbsastoemb, `ut as ohsi oggbmtbl `y rbomtoemb.

Pbomtoemb (Z) nbosurbs tjb ippisataie ig mopomatoemb oelaelumtoemb ti murrbet.

Pbomtoemb vorabs ommirlaed ti tjb grbqubemy ig tjb murrbet.

Pbsastoemb, anpbloemb, oel rbomtoemb orb nbosurbl ae Ijns.


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Anpirtoet Girnuhos;\jbsb orb ohh tjb sonb girnuho

W > AP Wihtodb > Murrbet * Pbsastoemb

Wihts > Onps * Ijns

A > W/P Murrbet > Wihtodb/Pbsastoemb

Onps > Wihts/Ijns

P>W/A Pbsastoemb > Wihtodb/Murrbet

Ijns > Wihts/Onps


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?66

Mieebmtaed ]pbocbrs oel Anpbloemb

Bomj spbocbr tjot as mieebmtbl ti oe onp jos o marmuhor ghiw ig bhbmtries ti

minphbtb tjb marmuat. \jb bhbmtries ghiw iut ig tjb onp, aeti tjb spbocbr, dbt sinbrbsastoemb, oel tjbe ghiw òmc aeti tjb onp ti minphbtb tjb marmuat. \jb spbocbrolls o mbrtoae eun`br ig Ijns ig rbsastoemb ti tjb marmuat, wjamj yiu moe usuohhygadurb iut grin hiicaed ot tjb òmc ig tjb spbocbr ot tjb gaeb praet. \jb onp moejoelhb o mbrtoae eun`br ig Ijns os wbhh, wjamj yiu moe gadurb iut grin hiicaed ottjb òmc ig tjb onp ot tjb gaeb praet.

Bomj onp jos twi mjoeebhs ae tjb òmcieb gir tjb hbgt sadeoh, ieb gir tjb radjtsadeoh.

Ag yiu phud ieb spbocbr aeti bomj mjoeebh, tjb eun`br ig Ijns ig rbsastoemb girbomj mjoeebh as diaed ti `b bquoh ti tjb Ijns tjot tjb spbocbr as rotbl gir. \jbpamturb `bhiw as o typamoh spbocbr sbtup watj ieb spbocbr, rotbl ot 7 Ijns,mieebmtbl ti bomj mjoeebh ie tjb òmc ig tjb onp. \jb spbocbr as davaed 7 Ijnsig rbsastoemb ti bomj marmuat ie bomj hbgt oel radjt mjoeebh.

Tjot ag yiu woet ti phud giur spbocbrs aeti tjb òmc ig yiur onp9 Jiw libs tjasoggbmt rbsastoemb9

Tbhh, bomj tanb yiu oll oe ollataieoh spbocbr ti tjb sonb pirt ie tjb òmc ig tjbonp, tjb oniuet ig rbsastoemb mjoedbs.


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?6?

Anpbloemb as Ollbl wjbe QiuMieebmt ]pbocbrs ae ]brabs

Gir aestoemb, wjbe yiu oll ieb spbocbr ae sbrabs, tjb anpbloemb ig `itj spbocbrsas ollbl tidbtjbr. Gir aestoemb, ag yiu jol twi : Ijn spbocbrs mieebmtbl ti iebpirt ie yiur onp, tjbe tjb twi spbocbrs wiuhl jovb o titoh ig ?7 Ijns igrbsastoemb ie tjb marmuat (:+:).

Ir, ag yiu jovb tjrbb spbocbrs rotbl ot < Ijns mieebmtbl ti ieb pirt ie yiur onpae sbrabs, tjbe tjb tjrbb spbocbrs wiuhl jovb o titoh ig ?0 Ijns ig rbsastoemb ietjb marmuat (


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?6=

Anpbloemb NotmjaedAnpbloemb notmjaedas tjb primbss ig jiicaed up yiur spbocbrs ti yiur onp aeo woy wjbrb tjb anpbloemb ig tjb spbocbrs notmjbs tjb anpbloemb ig tjb onp. Ag

tjb spbocbrs jovb tii jadj ig oe anpbloemb, tjbe tjby wahh eit `b piwbrbl beiudj`y tjb onp `bmousb tjby wahh jovb tii numj rbsastoemb. Ag tjb spbocbrs jovb tiihatthb anpbloemb, tjbe tjb onp wahh ivbrjbot oel ture igg (ir `hiw up ag ats oe ihlieb). \jbrbgirb, ag tjb onp as rotbl ti `b o`hb ti joelhb os hiw os 7 Ijns, wjamj astypamoh, tjbe yiu woet ti nocb surb yiu jiic up yiur spbocbrs si tjot ats eitdiaed ti di `bhiw 7 Ijns.

Bxonphb;

Oe onp jos twi iutputsieb gir tjb hbgt mjoeebh, ieb gir tjb radjt.

Hbts soy yiu woet ti jiic < spbocbrs up ti ieb mjoeebh.

Ag bomj mjoeebh ie tjb onp as rotbl ot < ijns, yiu miuhl jiic twi spbocbrs ot :ijns aeti bomj mjoeebh ae porohhbh. Jiwbvbr, ag yiu jiicbl twi spbocbrs ot ezDNlr7]J-B

Jiw ti usb o min`aeotaie ig sbrabs oel porohhbh waraed ti jiic : spbocbrs up ti

ieb onp;

jttps;//www.yiutu`b.min/wotmj9v>ysu@bDb_0yN

Taraed ae sbrabs;

jttps;//www.yiutu`b.min/wotmj9v>adlopz7xuJm

O 46 viht spbocbr systbnas oe ohtbreotavb wjamj ohhiws yiu ti rue sbvbroh

spbocbr haebs gir hied lastoembs. At as spbmagamohhy lbsadebl ti jovb o rbduhotbl

marmuat tjot moe joelhb nuhtaphb spbocbrs.
http://www.bcae1.com/spkrmlti.htmhttp://www.bcae1.com/spkrmlti.htmhttp://www.bcae1.com/images/swfs/speakerloadssafenoframe01.swfhttp://www.bcae1.com/images/swfs/speakerloadssafenoframe01.swfhttps://www.parts-express.com/resources-speaker-connectionhttps://www.parts-express.com/resources-speaker-connectionhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzGMdr6SH-Ehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzGMdr6SH-Ehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysuBeGeQ2yMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysuBeGeQ2yMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igdapz6xuHchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igdapz6xuHchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igdapz6xuHchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysuBeGeQ2yMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzGMdr6SH-Ehttps://www.parts-express.com/resources-speaker-connectionhttp://www.bcae1.com/images/swfs/speakerloadssafenoframe01.swfhttp://www.bcae1.com/spkrmlti.htm


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?6 W (vihts) x A (murrbet, ae onpbrbs)

Tirc as tjb oniuet ig bebrdy troesgbrrbl `y o girmb. Tirc > Girmb *

Lastoemb

Viwbr nbosurbs tjb oniuet ig wirc lieb pbr ueat tanb. Ae bhbmtrieams,bhbmtramoh piwbr as tjb rotb ot wjamj wirc as lieb wjbe murrbet ghiwstjriudj o marmuat.

Bhbmtramoh Viwbr, nbosurbl ae Totts, as rbhotbl ti murrbet oel vihtodb; T(piwbr) > W(vihts) * A (murrbet, ae onpbrbs).

Ieb Tott as tjb rotb ot wjamj wirc as lieb wjbe ieb onpbrb ig murrbetghiws tjriudj oe bhbmtramoh pitbetaoh laggbrbemb ig ieb viht.

Anphamotaies gir Oulai Bedaebbraed;

Nocb surb yiur spbocbrs orb piwbrguh beiudj ti joelhb tjb piwbr grintjb onp. Itjbrwasb yiu noy put tii numj piwbr tjriudj o spbocbr oeltjus ivbrpiwbr tjb spbocbr. \jb spbocbr wahh stort snicaed oel yiu wahhsnbhh oe bhbmtramoh garb. \jas as vbry loedbrius oel sjiuhl `b ovialbl ot ohhmists!

Gir aestoemb, ag yiu jovb o ?26 wott onp, tjbe bomj mjoeebh ae tjb `omc igtjb onp as diaed ti `b 42 wotts bomj. Qiu moe piwbr o 42 wott spbocbr watjtjot. Ag yiu jiic o 26 wott spbocbr up ti o 42 wott mjoeebh, oel ture at upohh tjb woy, yiu rue tjb rasc ig ivbrpiwbraed tjb spbocbr. Ag yiu phud o =66

wott spbocbr aeti o 42 wott mjoeebh, tjiudj, yiu sjiuhl `b gaeb `bmousb tjbspbocbr moe joelhb o hit nirb piwbr tjoe wjot wahh `b put tjriudj at.

Ollataieohhy, yiu ebbl ti ceiw tjb piwbr ig yiur VO systbn. Gir aestoemb,

ag yiu orb privalaed o VO systbn gir o `oel watj tjrbb =66 wott duatoronps, oel yiur VO systbn as iehy rotbl ot :6 wotts, yiu wiet `b o`hb tijbor tjb vimohs. Ebvbr uelbrbstanotb tjb piwbr ig o duator onp.


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?62

Wihts, Onps, oel Ijns

Wihts, onps, oel Ijns orb nbtram ueats. Os sumj, nbtram prbgaxbs opphy.

?666 nahhaonps > ? onp

? namriWiht > ?/?,666,666 Wiht

Onpbrodb > Wihtodb/Pbsastoemb

\jb surgomb ig tjb Bortj jos o vihtodb ig zbri vihts.

Vitbetaoh (Wihtodb) Lavalbr

O pitbetaoh lavalbr as o sbrabs ig rbsastirs tjot rblumbs tjb iutput vihtodb aeo marmuat.

Davbe twi rbsastirs, tjb iutput vihtodb as davbe os gihhiws;

W(iutput) > (Pbsastoemb0/(Pbsastoemb?+ Pbsastoemb0))* Wihtodb Ae


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?67


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?64

Mjoptbr 2 Namripjiebs


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?61

\ypbs ig NamripjiebsMielbesbr Namripjiebs;

Nist pipuhor typb ig nam gir tjb stulai. Diil gir pamcaed up oe betarb besbn`hb

ir aelavaluoh ports. Ebbls pjoetin piwbr. Hordb laopjrodn; `bttbr gir hiwgrbqubemabs. ]nohh Laopjrodndrbot gir mopturaed jadj grbqubemabs (mynòhs,

vaihaes, gagbs.)

Lyeonam Namripjiebs;

Joelhb o hit ig siuel prbssurb hbvbh (vihunb). Diil gir lruns, onps, rimc vimohs.Moe òed tjbsb oriuel, rbsahabet.

Pa`ìe Namripjiebs;

\jae ra`ìe ig ohunaeun aestbol ig nyhor (lyeonam nams). Vipuhor watj `rossphoybrs gir tjb oàhaty ti dbt o eamb worn siuel ot o vbry jadj prbssurb hbvbh. Diil

gir ihl tanby siuel. Grodahb oel bxpbesavb.

Lyeonam Namripjiebs

Eit os sbesatavb

Jorly

Joelhbs jadj siuel prbssurb hbvbhs

Ei pjoetin piwbr

]nohh Laopjrodn

Bxmbpt ie òss lrun lyeonam namripjiebs

Diil gir havb siuel

Rsb ie mbrtoae aestrunbets gir stulai rbmirlaeds

Diil gir rimc vimohs, lruns, onps

Mielbesbr Namripjiebs

]besatavb

Grodahb

Liet put tjas ie o òss lrun ir oe onpat noy `b ruaebl `y tjb jadjsiuel prbssurb hbvbhs

Ebbls pjoetin piwbr


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??6

Pa``ie Namripjiebs

]besatavb

Grodahb

Joelhbs hiul siuels hacb `ross vbry wbhh

Ei pjoetin piwbr. Vjoetin piwbr moe mousb lonodb.

Pa``ie

Diil gir stulai oel ihl-tanby rbmirlaeds

Diil gir `ross, ihl tanby siuel

Vipuhor Namripjieb @roels;

OCD, ]jurb, Ebunoe, ]beejbasbr, Oulai \bmjeamo, @bjraedbr, Pilb,]onsie (miesunbr hbvbh)

Lyeonam Namripjieb Bxonphbs]jurb ]N-2:

$?66

]jurb ]N-24

$?66


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???

OCD L??0

Hordb laopjrodn `oss lrun nam

$?=6

]beejbasbr NL


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??0

]beejbasbr NL-


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??=

]jurb C]N-?


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??


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??2

Namripjieb Vihoraty Vottbres

Namripjieb Vihoraty Vottbres orbtjb pamcup pottbres ig o namripjieb. \jbsb

orb lrowaeds tjot lbsmra`b tjb orbo oriuel tjb namripjieb tjot tjb namripjiebpamcs up. \jb marmhbs orb lrowe ae 0L, `ut rbnbn`br tjot tjb nam pamcs up ae =L.

Qiu jovb ti uelbrstoel tjb larbmtaie oel phoeb ir oxas ig tjb laopjrodn tiuelbrstoel tjb pamcup pottbre. Ohh laodrons orb ossunaed o laopjrodn ig tjbnamripjieb ti `b gomaed si tjot tjb ghot port as piaetaed ti tjb tip ig tjb podb, oeltjb namripjieb as porohhbh ti tjb podb.

Inealarbmtaieoh - tjb nam pams up ae o marmhb oriuel tjb laopjrodn

Morlialnamripjieb pams up ae o jbort sjopb oriuel tjb namripjieb.

@a-Larbmtaieohnamripjieb pamcs up ae griet oel `bjael tjb nam ae o gadurb :pottbre.


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??7

]upbrmorlialtjb namripjieb pamcs up ae o morlial pottbre ùt watj o hatthb àtae tjb òmc ig tjb nam os wbhh.

Jypbrmorlialrbomjbs o hatthb gurtjbr òmc tjoe supbrmorlial.

Ohh anodbs orb mrblatbl ti Tacanblao Minnies.


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??4

Namripjieb Grbqubemy ]besatavatyMjorts

Qiu wahh igtbe gael o grbqubemy sbesatavaty mjort ae tjb pomcodaed ir tbmjeamohlbsmraptaie ig oey namripjieb. \jas kust tbhhs yiu jiw sbesatavb tjb nam as tilaggbrbet grbqubemabs. Ie tjb Q oxas as tjb sbesatavaty ae lbma`bhs, oel ie tjb Z oxasas tjb grbqubemy.

]i, gir aestoemb, tjb sbesatavaty ig oe ]N-2: as os gihhiws;

Eitamb tjb haeb storts ti lrip igg oriuel 066 Jz ie tjb hbgt. \jas nboes tjot atlibset pamc up tjisb hiw grbqubemabs vbry wbhh. Ats rbohhy diil ot pamcaed upgrbqubemabs ae tjb


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??:

Nam VhombnbetNamripjieb phombnbet as o vbry anpirtoet port ig oulai bedaebbraed.

\jbrb as o swbbt spit gir bvbry aestrunbet, oel tjb typb ig namripjieb

wahh ohsi lbtbrnaeb wjot siuels yiu wahh dbt. O typamoh rbmirlaed stulaisbtup wahh aemhulb oe jiur oel o johg ti dbttaed diil tiebs ie tjbaestrunbets.

Nam Vhombnbet gir Wimohs; Qiu woet ti nocb surb tjot yiu piaet tjblaopjrodn ti tjb vimohs. Rsb o pip gahtbr ti dbt ral ig G oel Vsiuels (phisavbs oel sa`ahoemb).

Nam Vhombnbet gir Duators; Nocb surb tjot yiu phomb tjb namripjiebwatjae ieb aemj ig tjb duator si tjot at moe pamc up tjb walbst roedb iggrbqubemabs. ]N-2:s orb ebor-gabhl nams, wjamj nboes tjby wahh pamc up

iehy siuels watjae ieb ti tjrbb aemjbs ig tjb namripjieb. \i dbt ostbrbi siuel, phomb ieb nam up ie tjb ebmc gir tjb jadjbr grbqubemabs,oel o sbmiel nam ie tjb jihb gir tjb hiw grbqubemabs.

Nam Vhombnbet gir Onps; Qiu wahh woet ti dbt liwe ie yiur joels oecebbs oel hastbe mhisbhy ti tjb duator phoybr ti lbtbrnaeb wjbrb tjb `bsttieb gir tjb onp as. \jbe phomb tjb nam ae tjot orbo. Qiu nust hastbe tijiw at siuels `bgirb yiu phomb at.

Anodb siurmb;jttps;//be.wacapblao.ird/waca/VipYgahtbr
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_filterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_filterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_filterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_filter


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??1

Nam VhombnbetLrun ]btsLbpbels ie tjb eun`br ig nams yiu jovb, os wbhh os dberb miesalbrotaies.Vrairatazb y;

Ivbrjbols (0, ieb hbgt, ieb radjt)

\jb ivbrjbol hbgt nam wahh pamc up nisthy seorb, jadj jot, oel o mrosj mynòh agtjbrb as ieb.

\jb ivbrjbol radjt nam wahh pamc up nisthy ralb mynòh oel sinb ig tjb tins.

]eorb

Rsb oe ]N 24 ie tjb tip seorb, nocb ìttin ig seorb o hiw prairaty (iehy ag yiujovb phbety ig nams)

Nocb surb ats iut ig tjbwoy ig tjb stamcs

@oss Lrun

Nam tjas ag yiurb liaed nirb rimc ir nbtoh typbs ig stugg. Kozz eit si anpirtoet.

\ins

Nam bomj tin ag yiu jovb beiudj nams, puttaed ieb ie bomj tin. Ae irlbr iganpirtoemb, yiu miuhl put ieb radjt ae `btwbbe tjb niuetbl tin, oel ieb ie tjbghiir tin, ir kust usb tjb ivbrjbol nam ivbr tjb ghiir tin ag yiu liet jovbbeiudj.


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?06

Lrun Namripjieb Cats

]urb VDLNC7

\wi ivbrjbols, = rbduhor nams gir seorb oel tins, oel ieb `oss lrun nam. \jrbbmhaps ti jihl tjb nam ti tjb omtuoh lrun.

Oulax

Aemhulbl ae tjb LV4 lrun namripjieb pomcodb as tjb L7, Oulax's ghodsjap camclrun nam, twi- L0's gir romc tins, ieb L< gir ghiir tin, tjb a2 gir seorb, oel opoar ig OLZ2?s gir ivbrjbol namaed. Ohsi aemhulbl orb giur L-Wamb ran niuet

mhaps gir tjb seorb oel tin nams, oel tjrbb jbovy luty tbesaie gat nam mhaps gir tjbitjbr tjrbb nams. Bvbrytjaed as mievbeabethy pomcodbl ae o gion-haebl ohunaeunmorryaed mosb riol mosb gir sogb cbbpaed wjbe tjb nams orb eit ae usb.


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?0?

Lrun Nam Vhombnbet ]btup

jttp;//be.wacaoulai.ird/PbmirlaedYtbmjeaqubs;LrunYcat
http://en.wikiaudio.org/Recording_techniques:Drum_kithttp://en.wikiaudio.org/Recording_techniques:Drum_kithttp://en.wikiaudio.org/Recording_techniques:Drum_kit


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?00

]tbrbi Nam \bmjeaqubs

ZQ ]btup

\ocb twi morlial nams oel phomb tjbn ie tip ig bomj itjbr ot o 16 lbdrbb oedhb.

O@ ]tbrbi Nam ]btup

\jb O@ ]tbrbi Nam sbtup aetbels ti anatotb tjb junoe jboraed `y phomaed twi namsoport gomaed tjb sonb larbmtaie ae o woy tjot as o`iut tjb waltj ig tjb junoe jbol.


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?0=

Nal ]alb Nam ]tbrbi ]btup

(N])

\jb Nal-]alb nam sbtup (ir N] sbtup) as lieb watj twi namripjiebs; o gadurb :oel oe inea. Vhomb tjb Inea o`ivb tjb gadurb : nam oel at wahh pamc up ae o eambstbrbi anodb ohh oriuel.

N] Nam ]btup

O drbot tutiraoh watj pamturbs;jttp;//www.uoulai.min/`hid/nal-salb-nam-

rbmirlaed/

Ohh pamturbs mrblat tijttps;//be.wacapblao.ird/waca/]tbrbipjieamYsiuel.
http://www.uaudio.com/blog/mid-side-mic-recording/http://www.uaudio.com/blog/mid-side-mic-recording/http://www.uaudio.com/blog/mid-side-mic-recording/http://www.uaudio.com/blog/mid-side-mic-recording/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereophonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereophonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereophonic_soundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereophonic_soundhttp://www.uaudio.com/blog/mid-side-mic-recording/http://www.uaudio.com/blog/mid-side-mic-recording/


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?0


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?02

MJOV\BP 7 MO@HB]


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?07


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?04

Aetrilumtaie ti Mo`hbs - OeohidNALA oloptbr - usb ti mieebmt tjb cby`iorl ti tjb minputbr gir NALA.

PMO ti PMO - usb ti mieebmt o lbvamb ti o siuel systbn, sumj os o rbmirl phoybrti spbocbrs, ir LWL phoybr ti \W. Ohsi ceiwe os o pjiei phud.

PMO ti Naea - usb ti mieebmt o lbvamb ti o siuel systbn, sumj os oe aVil tiOulatiraun siuel systbn.

]tbrbi naea - mieebmt aVil ir pjieb ti minputbr ir siuel systbn.

ZHPusb gir namripjiebs. \jb ZH mo`hb jos = paes mohhbl pisatavb, ebdotavb, oel

driuel. \jb ZHP as o `ohoembl mo`hb.


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?0:

\P] as usbl gir jbolpjiebs oel hied spbocbr warbs. \P] stoels gir \ap Paed]hbbvb. At mietoaes tjrbb sadeohs; pisatavb, ebdotavb, oel driuel. At as ohsi mohhbl ostbrbi mo`hb.

\] (?/ `oeoeo, spbocbr > \]).

]pbocie Mo`hb\jas mo`hb jos o `hub bel tjot seops aeti phomb. Qiu jovb ti twast tjb sahvbr port tipuhh at ae/iut. Rsbl gir spbocbrs ae havb siuel.


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?01

Ladatoh Mo`hbsLadatoh Mo`hbstroesnat loto usaed ?s oel 6s (àeory milb)

Oeohid Mo`hbsusb mjoedbs ae vihtodb ti troesnat o sadeoh tjot as sjopbl sanahor ti

tjb siurmb.

\jb garst dbebrotaie ig valbi oel oulai mo`hbs wbrb lbsadebl watj oeohid sadeohs aenael. Oe oeohid sadeoh rbprbsbets tjb aegirnotaie `y prbsbetaed o mietaeuius

wovbgirn sanahor ti tjb aegirnotaie atsbhg. Gir bxonphb, gir o ?666 Jbrtz saebwovb, tjb oeohid sadeoh as o vihtodb voryaed grin pisatavb ti ebdotavb oel òmc odoae?666 tanbs pbr sbmiel. Tjbe tjot sadeoh as jiicbl up ti o spbocbr, at lravbs tjbspbocbr mieb ti pjysamohhy nivb ?666 tanbs o sbmiel oel wb jbor tjb ?666 Jz saeb

wovb tieb os o rbsuht.

O ladatoh sadeoh, uehacb oe oeohid sadeoh, `bors ei rbsbn`hoemb ti tjb aegirnotaie atsbbcs ti mievby. Aestbol, at mievbrts tjb ?666 Jz sadeoh ti o sbrabs ig "?" oel "6"àts wjamj as tjbe troesnattbl tjriudj tjb mo`hb oel tjbe dbts lbmilbl ie tjbitjbr bel.

Iptamoh Mo`hb

OLO\ Nomjaebs usbl tjbn (Ohbsas Ladatoh Oulai \opb). Oe iptamoh mo`hb as nist

igtbe usbl watj oulai aetbrgombs, siuel morls, oel jinb miesunbr siuel systbns.


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?=6

]/VLAG Mo`hb

\jb ]/VLAG mo`hb hiics hacb oe PMO mo`hb. At stoels gir ]iey/Vjahaps Ladatoh Aetbrgomb Girnot.Rsbl watj Vri\iihs. \jb `omc ig o siuel morl noy jovb o ]/VLAG mo`hb.

OB]/B@R

\jas as ie ats woy iut. At stoels gir Oulai Bedaebbraed ]imabty/Buripboe @riolmostaed Reaie. \jbmo`hb hiics hacb oe ZHP.


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?=?

OW Mo`hbsWDO Mo`hb

\jas as tjb ihl gosjaiebl oeohid mo`hb tjot mieebmts o minputbr ti o nieatir, ir ohoptip ti o prikbmtir. Nist VM hoptips jovb tjas. NOMs liet jovb tjas. \jastroesnats valbi iehy.

JLNA Mo`hb

\jas mo`hb troesnats JL valbi oel oulai. At minbs os JLNA, JLNA scaeey, oelJLNA naea. \jb scaeey vbrsaie wircs watj ebw Nom hoptips. \jb NAEA vbrsaie

wircs watj to`hbts. Qiu ebbl oe oloptbr ti mievbrt grin NAEA ir scaeey ti rbduhorJLNA.

Naea Lasphoy Virt ir \juelbrìht

\jas mo`hb as gir Nom hoptips iehy. \jb pirt as tjb sonb, ùt tjb aesalbs mjoedbl sitjot tjb tjuelbrìht as gostbr. \jb Naea Lasphoy pirt as gir Nom hoptips prair ti06?= ir si. Qiu jovb ti dbt o \juelbrìht ir NaeaLasphoy Virt ti WDO oloptbr tiput o Nom tjriudj tjb prikbmtir. \jas mo`hb troesnats valbi iehy, eit oulai.


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?=0

Vorts ig o Mo`hbZHP > Nam Mo`hb

\jb ZHP mo`hb jos tjrbb paes mieebmtbl ti tjrbb warbs aesalb - ieb pisatavb, ieb ebdotavb, oel ieb

driuel.

\P] > \ap Paed ]hbbvb

\jb \P] mo`hb as usbl gir stbrbi sadeohs ir os o `ohoembl spbocbr mo`hb.

\jb \P] mo`hb jos tjrbb warbs aesalb. \ap dibs ti pisatavb, Paed dibs ti ebdotavb, oel ]hbbvb dibs tidriuel.

\] > \ap ]hbbvb

\jb \] mo`hb as usbl gir aestrunbets sumj os duator ir paoei.

\jb \] mo`hb jos twi warbs aesalb. \ip dibs ti pisatavb, oel shbbvb dibs ti ebdotavb. \jbrb as eisjabhl ir driuel.

PMO

\jb PMO mo`hb noy ir noy eit `b sjabhlbl. \jb tap as pisatavb, tjb ran as ebdotavb, oel tjbrb noyir noy eit `b oeitjbr warb mieebmtbl ti tjb ran tjot wahh omt os o sjabhl. \jas lbpbels ie ag yiu `uymjbop ir eamb PMO mo`hbs.


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?==

Omtavaty; tocb oport mo`hbs ti sbb tjb nuhtaphb warbs oel sjabhlaed aesalb tjb ru``br mosaed.

Ohh anodbs mrblat ti Tacapblao.jttps;//be.wacapblao.ird/waca/VjiebYmieebmtirY(oulai)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_connector_(audiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_connector_(audiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_connector_(audiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_connector_(audio


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O typamoh `ohoembl mo`hb mietoaes twi albetamoh warbs, wjamj orb twastbl tidbtjbroel tjbe wroppbl watj o tjarl mielumtir (giah ir `roal) tjot omts os osjabhl.\jbtwi warbs girn o marmuat morryaed tjboulai sadeoh3ieb warb as ae pjosb watj rbspbmtti tjb siurmb sadeoh, tjb itjbr warb as ?:6 iut ig pjosb. \jb ae-pjosb warb as mohhbleie-aevbrtaed, pisatavb ir "jit" wjahb tjb iut-ig-pjosb warb as mohhbl aevbrtaed,

pjosb-aevbrtbl, oeta-pjosb, ebdotavb ir "mihl". \jb jit oel mihl mieebmtaies orbigtbe sjiwe os Ae+ oel Ae("ae phus" oel "ae naeus") ie marmuat laodrons.S?^
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielded_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielded_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielded_cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_audio#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_audio#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_audio#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_audio#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielded_cable


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Namripjieb ]toels ]bt o stoel up grin tjb `ittin ti tjb tip

Lrip ittin garst

\jbe olkust tjb jbadjt \jbe olkust tjb oedhb

\jbe olkust tjb hbedtj ig tjb orn

\ypbs ig Nam ]toels@iin ]toel

Diisbebmc Nam ]toel

Nam Mhap Liet girdbt tjb nam mhap, wjamj mieebmts tjb namripjieb ti tjb stoel!

Tarbhbss usb o hordb sazbl nam mhap


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Mjoptbr 4 ]iuel @iorls


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]iuel @iorls

]iuel ìorls minb ae ohh sjopbs oel sazbs. \jby hiic minphbx, ùt tjby orb rbohhy opottbre lavalbl aeti twi sbmtaies;

?. \romcs

0. Iutputs

\romcs orb haebl up vbrtamohhy oel usuohhy tjb iutputs orb ae tjb mbetbr.

\romcs jovb tjb sonb cei`s diaed omriss wjamj usuohhy aemhulb;

Doae (tran), B_, Oux, Voe, oel Bggbmts.

]iuel ìorls moe `b oeohid ir ladatoh, lbpbelaed ie jiw tjb aesalbs wirc.Lbpbelaed ie tjb ìorl, yiu moe jovb sbvbroh nieatir naxbs diaed tjriudjnuhtaphb oux iutputs.


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? YY l@ lbmrbosb ae siuel, nocbs at haeb hbvbh


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?26

Oux IutputOe Oux @us as oe iutput grin tjb ìorl tjot dibs tjriudj tjb Oux iutput pirt.

Rsuohhy, oux iutputs orb usbl gir nieatirs.

Nieatirs;

Nieatirs orb spbocbrs gomaed tjb pbrgirnbrs ie stodb.

i Bomj tromc jos ats iwe oux pit

i Qiu moe mietrih tjb nax ae tjb nieatirs y olkustaed bomj tromcsoux pit

i Wimohasts oel aestrunbetohasts wahh woet o mbrtoae oniuet ig bomjbhbnbet ae tjbar nax. Gir aestoemb, tjby nadjt woet ti jbor o hit igtjb òss, paoei, oel vimohs ùt ei lruns. Qiu ebbl oe oux tromc ti

li tjas si tjot at libset oggbmt tjb noae nax minaed iut ig tjbnoae spbocbrs.

Wabw grin tjb tip ig tjb ìorl wjbrb yiu mietrih Ouxahaory iutput vihunbs

Wabw grin tjb @omc ig tjb @iorl - \jbsb orb tjb iutput komcs


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?2?

VGH oel OGHIeb ospbmt ig tjb ouxahaory iutput as wjbtjbr ir eit tjb hbvbh ig tjb iutput aslbpbelbet ie tjb hbvbh ig tjb tromc. Gir aestoemb, yiu nadjt woet ti `b o`hb ti jbor

tjb siuel tjriudj tjb nieatirs ùt eit tjriudj tjb noaes. \jbrb orb twi iptaies;ieb wjbrb tjb hbvbhs orb lbpbelbet ie tjb tromc hbvbhs (prb) oel ieb wjbrb tjbhbvbhs orb aelbpbelbet ig tjb tromc hbvbhs (pist).

Vrb-Golbr HbvbhVrb - VGH

\jb prb-golbr hbvbh ùttie, wjbe lbprbssbl, wahh nboe tjot tjb siuel wahh ditjriudj tjb ouxahaory iutput ot wjotbvbr hbvbh yiu sbt rbdorlhbss ig wjot yiu li titjb golbr. ]i ag tjb golbr as ohh tjb woy liwe, yiu moe stahh jbor tjb siuel minbtjriudj tjb nieatirs. \jb golbr jos ei `boraed ie tjb hbvbhs.

Vist-Golbr HbvbhVist (ogtbr) ohsi ceiwe os OGH

\jb Vist-golbr hbvbh ùttie, wjbe omtavotbl, wahh nboe tjot tjb siuel wahh ditjriudj tjb ouxahaory iutput haecbl ti tjb hbvbh ig tjb tromc golbr. ]i ag tjb tromcgolbr as liwe, tjb ouxahaory hbvbh wahh `b liwe os wbhh. Tjbe tjb tromc golbr as up,tjb ouxahaory hbvbh wahh `b up os wbhh.


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?20

Driups Iutput (driup su` nax)Driups orb oe ollataieoh iutput iptaie ie o siuel `iorl. \jby orb usbl ti driup

voraius mjoeebhs tidbtjbr bgirb tjb sadeoh as sbet ti tjb noae spbocbrs.

Driupsohhiw yiu ti driup laggbrbet tromcs tidbtjbr si tjot ieb golbrmietrihs tjb vihunb gir ohh tjb tromcs ae tjb driup.

i Piutb watj tjb driup `utties ebxt ti bomj tromc


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Mjoptbr : Ladatoh \brns


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?22

\jas as o pamturb ig o hiw oel tjbe jadj sonphb rotb. Eitamb tjb siuel wiuhl `bnirb ommurotb watj o jadjbr sonphb rotb.


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?27

@at Lbptj

@at Lbptj> tjb eun`br ig ?s oel 6s tjot orb port ig tjb wirl tjot mrbotbs tjb

ladatoh milb tjot nbosurbs onphatulb.

Bxonphb;

O @at Lbptj ig < jos ?7 pissaàhatabs; ? ? ? ?, ? 6 6 6, ? ? 6 6 , ? ? ? 6, 6 6 ? ?, 6 ? ?6, btm.

O @at Lbptj ig 4 jos ?0: pissaàhatabs

O @at Lbptj ig ?7 jos ivbr 72,666 pissaàhatabs!

\jb nirb pissaàhatabs ig eun`brs tjb nirb ommurotb tjb sonphb moe b.

Ie tjb pamturb `bhiw, tjb garst tip pamturb as twi àt, oel tjb ìttin pamturb josnuhtaphb ats.

Ie tjb pamturb `bhiw, tjb tip pamturb jos : àts oel tjb ìttin pamturb jos ?7 àts.@itj jovb tjb sonb sonphaed rotb. Qiu moe sbb tjot tjb ?7 àt vbrsaie as nirbommurotb ti tjb oeohid wovb tjoe tjb : àt vbrsaie.


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?24


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?2:

@uggbr ]azbTjbe rbmirlaed oulai aeti yiur minputbr, yiur oulai aetbrgomb ebbls sinb tanbti primbss tjb aeminaed aegirnotaie. \jb oniuet ig tanb ohhittbl gir primbssaed as

mohhbl tjb @uggbr ]azb. Igtbe tanbs o snohhbr @uggbr ]azb as lbsaro`hb, jiwbvbr eitieb tjot as tii snohh. Jbrb's wjy;

Ag yiu jovb o vbry hordb @uggbr ]azb, yiu wahh eitamb o hod `btwbbe wjbe yiu spbocae ti tjb Nam, oel wjbe tjb siuel ig yiur viamb minbs iut yiur spbocbrs. Tjahbtjas moe `b vbry oeeiyaed, o hordb @uggbr ]azb ohsi nocbs rbmirlaed oulai hbsslbnoelaed ie yiur minputbr.

Ag yiu jovb o vbry snohh @uggbr ]azb, yiu wahh eitamb hatthb ti ei hod ot ohh `btwbbespbocaed aeti tjb Nam oel tjb oulai minaed iut ig tjb spbocbrs. \jas nocbsrbmirlaed oel jboraed yiur iwe saedaed numj bosabr, jiwbvbr tjas moe ohsi phombnirb stroae ie yiur minputbr os at jos vbry hatthb tanb ti primbss tjb oulai.

Qiu moe gax tjas `y aemrbosaed yiur @uggbr ]azb ti sinbtjaed shadjthy hordbr. Ogtbrsinb bxpbranbetotaie, yiu wahh gael tjb radjt òhoemb.

Tjbe rbmirlaed oulai ti o minputbr, aemrbosb ùggbr sazb oel nieatir tjbrbmirlaed tjriudj tjb oulai aetbrgombs nieatir nax. \jot woy, yiu moe dbt tjb `bstquohaty. Ag yiu nieatir tjriudj tjb lbvamb rotjbr tjoe tjb sigtworb pridron, yiu

wahh jovb ei lbhoy ae siuel. Ag yiu nieatir tjriudj tjb sigtworb pridron, yiu wahhjovb lbhoy.

Tjbe rbmirlaed NALA, hiwbr tjb ùggbr sazb. \jb quohaty ig tjb oulai aset osanpirtoet os jovaed hatthb ti ei lbhoy.

HotbemyHotbemy as tjb oniuet ig lbhoy ae tjb siuel. At moe `b tjb lbhoy `btwbbe tjb tanbyiu prbss liwe o cby ti tjb tanb yiu jbor at, ir tjb tanb `btwbbe wjbe yiu spbocoel yiu jbor yiur viamb. Hotbemy as nbosurbl ae nahhasbmiels, ir tjiusoeltjs ig osbmiel.


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?21

Eyquast Grbqubemy

Eyquast Grbqubemy, eonbl ogtbr ]wblasj-Onbramoe bedaebbr Jorry Eyquast, as johg

tjb sonphaed grbqubemy oel aelamotbs tjb jadjbst siuel tjot moe `b rbmirlbl. ]i, agyiur oulai aetbrgomb as sonphaed ot


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?7=

]adeoh Ghiw ie o LOTBggbmts;

Bggbmts as tjb wirl usbl ti lbsmra`b oey typb igprimbssaed lieb ti tjb tromc,

sumj os rbvbr`, minprbssaie, ir B_.

Qiu moe oll bggbmts ti yiur nusam ae ieb ig twi woys; ie tjb aelavaluoh tromc, ir tio su` driup ig tromcs.

GZ;

GZ stoels gir bggbmts (primbssaed) gir ieb portamuhor tromc. Mhamcaed ie tjb GZ`uttie ie o tromc ae Naxmrogt olls oe bggbmt ti tjot tromc iehy.

]adeoh Ghiw gir Oulai Bggbmts ae Naxmrogt 2;

*Lbpbelaed ie tjb sbel vihunb typb, tjb oulai grin o tromc wahh `b sbet ot ieb igtjb storrbl * piaets ae tjb oulai sadeoh ghiw.


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?72

Aetrilumtaie ti Voe

VoeAelamotbs wjbtjbr yiu woet tjb siuel ti minb iut ig tjb radjt ir hbgt spbocbr.

Olkustbl ae Naxmrogt gir bomj aelavaluoh tromc usaed tjb ùttbrghy sjopbl poronbtbroìvb tjb Nutb ùttie.

Opphyaed Voe ti LrunsQiu wahh ebbl ti lbmalb ag yiu woet ti opphy poe òsbl ie tjb piaet ig vabw ig tjblrunnbr vs. tjb piaet ig vabw ig tjb oulabemb. Batjbr woy, nocb surb tjot tjblrun sbt as miesastbet òsbl ie tjb himotaie ig tjb lruns. (]bb oìvb)@bhiw as oe bxonphb ig poeeaed grin tjb lrunnbrs pbrspbmtavb. Qiu moe li atbatjbr woy, kust nocb surb yiu orb miesastbet!


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?77

Aetri ti Pbvbr` (Pbvbr`brotaie)

Pbvbr`brotaie,ir rbvbr` gir sjirt, rbgbrs ti tjb woy siuel wovbs rbghbmt igg

voraius surgombs `bgirb rbomjaed tjb hastbebrs bor.

Ohtjiudj tjb siuel as prikbmtbl nist striedhy tiworl tjb hastbebr, siuel wovbsohsi prikbmt ae itjbr larbmtaies oel ìuemb igg tjb wohhs `bgirb rbomjaed tjbhastbebr.

]iuel wovbs moe ìuemb òmcworls oel girworls.

Tjbe siuel wovbs rbghbmt igg wohhs, twi tjaeds joppbe;

?. \jby tocb hiedbr ti rbomj tjb hastbebr0. \jby hisb bebrdy (dbt quabtbr) watj bvbry ìuemb.

\jb rbghbmtaies orb bssbetaohhy o sbrabs ig vbry gost bmjibs, ohtjiudj ti `b ommurotb,tjb tbrn Bmji usuohhy nboes o lastaemt oel sbporotb lbhoybl siuel. \jb bmjibsae rbvbr`brotaie orb si gost tjby nbrdb tidbtjbr ti siuel hacb ieb saedhb bggbmt.

PbghbmtaiesJadj Grbqubemabsrbghbmt bosahy, tjbrbgirb yiu jbor nirb ig tjbn ae o hordb johh.Hiw grbqubemabsli eit rbghbmt os bosahy, tjby orb nirb hacbhy ti di tjriudj osurgomb rotjbr tjoe ìuemb òmc. \jbrbgirb, yiu liet jbor os numj hiwgrbqubemabs ae o hordb johh. Ae gomt, tjbrb as o hiw grbqubemy mut igg piaet ie sbvbroh

rbvbr` ueats tjot ohhiws yiu ti mut iut tjisb grbqubemabs `bmousb tjby nadjt nocbtjb nusam siuel rbohhy nully ir uemhbor.

Pbvbr` `bdoe ae tjb motjblrohs ae Buripb.

Mhamc jbrb ti rbol oìut tjb jastiry ig rbvbr`;jttp;//www.uoulai.min/wb`zaeb/066


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?74

Lyeonams VrimbssaedLyeonams;hiulebss. Nbosurbl ae l@ (lbma`bhs.) Pbnbn`br tjot lbma`bhs aelamotbpbrmbavbl hiulebss, oel òsbl ie tjb Ghbtmjbr Nuesie murvbs, noy `b laggbrbet

grin o`sihutb hiulebss. @bmousb ig tjb sjopb ig tjb paeeo oel aeebr bor, junoesorb o`hb ti jbor mbrtoae grbqubemabs bosabr tjoe itjbrs.

Eiasb Ghiir;tjb sigtbst siuel tjot junoes moe jbor, wjamj as 6 l@.

Lastirtaie;tjb piaet ot wjamj o siuel `bminbs si hiul, tjot at mjoedbs tjbtan`rb. Lastirtaie olls o mbrtoae oniuet ig ùzz ti tjb siuel. \jb ùzz minbsgrin tjb uppbr jornieams tjot `bminb prbsbet wjbe tjb siuel `bminbs vbryhiul.

Lravb;Lravb as òsamohhy hacb o vihunb cei`, ùt ats lbsadebl ti oll vihunb ot ohbvbh tjot olls lastirtaie.

Moe yiu jovb sigt lastirtaie9Qbs, `y ivbrhiolaed tjb prb-onps. Pbnbn`br tjot tjbrb orb noey laggbrbet hbvbhsig doae stodaed oel tjbrb as pitbetaoh gir lastirtaie ot bomj hbvbh. ]i yiu miuhlivbrhiol tjb nam prbonp, ùt yiu noy eit jbor at vbry hiul ae yiur jbolpjiebs`bmousb tjb nostbr golbr as liwe.

Omtavatabs;

Oll lastirtaie ti o tromc `y usaed tjb Onp ]anuhotir ae Naxmrogt.

Mjbmc iut @iist ?? phudaeo grbb nostbraed phudae tjot wahh ìist yiur siedshiulebss. Totmj iut, tjiudj, ats lbsadebl gir rop/jap jip si at wahh ohsi ìist tjb

òss grbqubemabs. \jas phudae wos lbsadebl ti mrbotb rolai naxbs (a.b.; sieds tjotwiuhl `b jborl ie tjb rolai.)


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?7:

Lyeonams VrimbssirsBxpoelbrs/Dotbs

Hanatbrs/Minprbssirs


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?46

Lyeonams Vrimbssaed MietaeublOttomc;\jas as tjb ieb poronbtbr tjot bvbryìly adeirbs ùt as bxtrbnbhyanpirtoet ae yiur nax. @osamohhy, tjb ottomc as jiw hied at tocbs gir tjb minprbssirti camc ae iemb tjb siuel rbomjbs tjb tjrbsjihl. Eitamb os tjb eun`br dbts addbr

(nahhasbmiels) tjb ottomc as shiwbr (hiedbr uetah tjb minprbssir camcs ae). Giraestoemb, yiu ebbl ot hbost 76 nahhasbmiels ir si ti jbor tjb siuel ig tjb s oelt ae vimohs. Vbrsieohhy, Ajovb giuel tjot 4= nahhasbmiels wircs rbohhy wbhh gir oeomiustam upradjt òss.

Lbmoy;Jiw shiwhy tjb minprbssir stips hiwbraed tjb vihunb.

Bxpoelbr/Dotb

Eiasb Dotb;\jas phudae wircs `y mrbotaed sahbemb wjbe tjb noae aestrunbets mutiut oel ohh yiu moe jbor as eiasb.

Gir aestoemb, wjbe yiu rbmirl watj oe bhbmtram duator, yiu wahh jovb o mbrtoaeoniuet ig eiasb tjot wahh `b prbsbet watj tjb onp. Qiu liet woet tjot eiasb ti `bport ig tjb nax, tjiudj, si yiu moe oll o Eiasb Dotb, oel tjot wahh mrbotb sahbemb

wjbe tjb aestrunbet as eit phoyaed. At osamohhy lbtbmts tjb tjrbsjihl ig tjb eiasboel tjbe cbbps ohh siuel diaed tjriudj oìvb tjot tjrbsjihl.


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?4?

MinprbssaieMinprbssaie;oe oulai bggbmt tjot nocbs vihunbs sigtbr.

Jovb yiu bvbr `bbe ae tjb ha`rory oel tjbrb wos tii numj eiasb, oel tjb ha`roraoesjusjbl bvbryieb9 Tbhh, tjas as hacb minprbssaie. @osamohhy, wjbe tjb nusam dbts tio mbrtoae hiulebss (tjrbsjihl), tjb minprbssir camcs ae oel nocbs bvbrytjaedsigtbr ot o mbrtoae rotai.

Tjot libs minprbssaie siuel hacb9]bormj Coty Vbrry Garbwirc mjirus asihotbl vimohs ie Qiu\u`b ti jbor tjas aeomtaie.

Oeytjaed `y Olon Hon`brtjttp;//www.yiutu`b.min/wotmj9v>Z?Gqe1lu4xi

Cebb;\jb wirl cebb, wjbe opphabl ti o minprbssir, as oe aelamotaie ig jiw tjbhaeb hiics. Ag ats o murvbl oedhb, tjbe ats o sigt cebb. Ag ats o vbry omutb oedhb, atsmohhbl o jorl cebb. Tatj o jorl cebb, tjb minprbssir wahh eit ohhiw oey vihunbo`ivb tjb tjrbsjihl ot ohh. ]i ag tjb tjrbsjihl as sbt ot -?7 l@, oel tjb siurmb ig tjbsiuel dbts hiulbr tjoe -?7 l@, tjbe o jorl cebb wiuhl cbbp at grin bvbr `baedjborl o`ivb -?7 l@, pbrail. Tatj o sigt cebb, tjb minprbssir wahh droluohhy camc aeos tjb siurmb siuel `bminbs drbotbr tjoe -?7 l@.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1Fqn9du7xohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1Fqn9du7xohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1Fqn9du7xo


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?42

]cahhs \utiraoh #?; Blataed(lbniestrotaie)

Blataed;\jb primbss ig nivaed mhaps oriuel ae o tromc. Noy aemhulb sphattaed mhaps,

muttaed iut mbrtoae sbmtaies, oel/ir nbsjaed tidbtjbr laggbrbet tocbs ig tjb sonbsied.

Pbvabw ig minnoels gir Naxmrogt 2;

]phat Mhaps;Padjt mhamc, sphat ir Mtrh-\

Nivaed mhaps oriuel `y tjb joelhbdro` tjb tip port ig tjb mhap (drbbe)

Noss nivaed mhapsyiu moe sbhbmt nuhtaphb mhaps oel tjbe nivb tjbn ohh ottjb sonb tanb `y ieb mhaps joelhb

Noss sphattaed mhaps

?. Mhamc oel lrod ivbr tjb mhaps yiu woet ti sphat0. Padjt mhamc wjbrb yiu woet ti sphat oel sbhbmt ]phat

tjbe


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?47

[iin;\jb primbss ig vabwaed tjb sied mhisbr oel gortjbr owoy. \jas as vbryanpirtoet wjbe blataed![iin `utties gir jirazietoh ziin orb gir mhaps tjot orb himotbl ot tjb tip

Jihl yiur mursir uelbr o tromc uetah yiu sbb tjb twi haebs oel tjbe mhamc oel lrodti ziin up oel liwe.

Vhoyjbol vs. \jb \wi Eitmjbs ae o \romc; Olkust tjb phoyjbol `y mhamcaed aetjb tip lorc port. Eitamb tjb twi eitmjbs liet gihhiw olkust tjb twi eitmjbs `ymhamcaed ae o tromc.


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]cahhs \utiraoh #0; Minàeaed mhapsoel ìuemaed (omtavaty)

@iuemb;Tjbe yiu tocb nuhtaphb tjaeds oel minàeb tjbn ti `b ieb tjaed. Giraestoemb, ag yiu tocb nuhtaphb mhaps oel minàeb tjbn tidbtjbr, ìuemb at ti mrbotbieb hied mhap watj ohh tjb ports. Ae Naxmrogt, yiu moe li tjas watj nuhtaphb mhaps `ysbhbmtaed Nbrdb ti Ebw Mhap uelbr tjb Blat nbeu. Tjahb Naxmrogt stoys owoygrin tjas tbrn, ohh itjbr oulai blataed sigtworb usbs ìuemb ti lbsmra`b tjas typbig nbrdb.Oll ]ied ti Naxmrogt; Di ti Nax 5 Oll ]iuel Gahb. Eitamb yiu liet di tiIpbe ir Hiol Ebw Vrikbmt tjot wahh hiic iehy gir Naxmrogt gahbs. Ae itjbrsigtworb pridrons, yiu usuohhy moe di ti Gahb5Anpirt Oulai, ir yiu moe mhamc oellrod tjb gahb aeti tjb tanbhaeb.I`kbmtavb;\ocb tjb twi sahbemb sbmtaies iut ig tjb davbe sied. \jb sied as ie o

ghosj lravb minaed ti o minputbr ebor yiu.?. Oll tjb siuel gahb ti oe oulai tromc ae Naxmrogt.

Di ti Nax 5 Oll ]iuel Gahb (Mtrh-J)

0. \ure tjb seop igg.

=. Mhamc ae tjb tromc wjbrb yiu woet ti ziin si yiu jovb tjb twi eitmjbs ottjb stort ig tjb garst sahbemb.


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2. Padjt mhamc oel sphat ot tjb piaet wjbrb tjbrb as ei wovbgirn. \ry ti `b osbxomt os pissa`hb.Eitamb tjot iemb yiu put yiur mursir ae tjb mhap, tjb wjatb haeb oppbors girtjb vihunb wjamj i`smurbs tjb omtuoh vabw. Kust nocb surb yiurb os bxomtos pissa`hb.

7. Pbpbot stbps =2 gir tjb bel ig tjb sahbemb.

4. Lbhbtb tjb sahbemb.

:. Nivb tjb sbmiel mhap si ats ohnist tiumjaed tjbgarst mhap.

1. Mhamc ot tjb bel ig tjb garst mhap ti put tjb twi eitmjbs ot tjb bel ig tjbgarst sbmtaie si at wahh `b rboly ti ziin aeti tjot orbo.

?6.\i dbt tjas os bxomt os pissa`hb, ziin ohnist ohh tjb woy ae.

??.Nivb tjb twi mhaps si tjby orb radjt up ebxt ti bomj itjbr. Hastbe ti sbb agtjbrb as oey tbnpi mjoedb ir stotam. Olkust os ebmbssory.


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?0.[iin iut oel rbpbot stbps =?? gir tjb sbmiel sbt ig sahbemb.

?=.]bhbmt ohh tjrbb mhaps.

?


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?:6

]cahhs \utiraoh #=; \jb Ort ig tjbMrissgolb (omtavaty)

Mrissgolb; Mrissgolb as o tbrn tjot lbsmra`bs tjb primbss ig tureaed liwe iebtjaed wjahb tureaed up oeitjbr.

I`kbmtavb; stulbet moe mrissgolb twi ports ig o sied watjiut hisaed ir doaeaedtanb wjahb ohsi cbbpaed tjb pripbr mjirl pridrbssaie.

\i Li tjas;

?. \jb gahb sjiuhl `b himotbl ie yiur lbsctip.0. Oll tjb siuel gahb `y diaed ti Nax5 Oll ]iuel Gahb. Eovadotb ti tjb

lbsctip oel gael at.=. Lbhbtb nist ig tjb sahbemb. (sbhbmt wjot yiu woet ti lbhbtb oel jat lbhbtb)

Jat Lbhbtb


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?:?

:. Ot


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?:0

Gaeasjbl prilumt;

Eitamb tjb mrissgolb omtuohhy joppbes o hatthb `bgirb tjb norcbr, ohhiwaedieb ti jbor tjb trunpbt saxtbbetj eitbs diaed aeti tjb mjirl mjoedb. Ohsieitamb tjb mrissgolb bxtbels o hatthb post tjb norcbrtjas as tjb garst mhapdbttaed sigtbr wjahb tjb sbmiel mhap as ohnist ot guhh vihunb.


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?:=

]cahhs \utiraoh #


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?: grbqubemy roedb

Bedaebbrs orb tjaecaed o`iut nocaed surb ohh grbqubemabs orb rbprbsbetbl.

Mhoraty as wjot yiu oan gir.

\jas wahh lbpbel ie tjb aestrunbets.

Nocb surb tjb aestrunbets liet dbt ae tjb woy ig bomj itjbr, uehbss at as o vbrylbesb tbxturb oel tjot as wjot tjb dberb mohhs gir obstjbtamohhy.

Lbbp > On`abemb, riin sazb

Li tjas watj rbvbr`, lbhoys, ghoedaed, mjirusaed, riin nams, ivbrjbol nams, oelbvbe hbocodb.

Talb > Voe, ir hbgt radjt lanbesaie

Mrbotb o nirb aetbrbstaed siuelsmopb `y olkustaed tjb poe oel mrbotaed o =lanbesaieoh gbbh ti tjb sied.


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]cahhs \utiraoh #1; \ip @bdaeebrNastocbs (lbniestrotaie)

Vhbosb eitb; tjb tbomjbr sjiuhl lbniestrotaie sieds tjot gat bomj lbsmraptaie.

?. Homc ig \bxturb- tjb sonb nusamoh aestrunbets gir tjb wjihb sied

0. Ei mbetbr piaet ae tjb naxTjbe tjbrb as o pousb ae hyrams, tjb nusam hisbsbebrdy

=. Eiasbs - mhamcs, juns, bxtroebius eiasbs, miuet-iggs, hap-snomcs, `rbotjs


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?1=

Naxaed \utiraoh #?6; Bhbnbets ig oNax (hastbeaed oel hbmturb)

Bvbry pabmb ig nilbre nusam, nboeaed rimc, pip, P&@, rop, miuetry, ebw odb,swaed, lrun oel `oss, troemb, oel bvbry itjbr dberb jovaed o stried `omc`bot - jossax noae bhbnbets ti o drbot nax;

?.@ohoemb- tjb vihunb hbvbh rbhotaiesjap `btwbbe nusamoh bhbnbets

0.Grbqubemy roedb - jovaed ohh grbqubemabs pripbrhy rbprbsbetbl

=.Voeirono- phomaed o nusamoh bhbnbet ae tjb siuel gabhl


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?1

Introduction to the Recording Arts

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