Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned...

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Introduction to the Parts of an Argument 12 th grade English

Transcript of Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned...

Page 1: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Introduction to the Parts of an Argument

12th grade English

Page 2: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Warm Up

What is an argument? What makes for a strong argument? What kinds of things weaken a persons

argument?

Page 3: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

What is Argument?

• Argument can be defined as:•a process of reasoning

•a statement, reason, or fact for or against a point

•a composition intended to convince or persuade

•http://www.shmoop.com/video/argument-essay

Page 4: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Structure of an Argument

Hook/attention grabber

Claim with background information

Arguments At least 2 reasons to support your claim w/ textual evidence

Counterargument Opposition to claim

Rebuttal With Evidence to contradict counter

Conclusion / Call to action

Page 5: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Let’s break it down

Page 6: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Hook/Attention Grabber

• Called a hook because it hooks the reader, just like a fishing hook. The attention getter is usually the first sentence in an academic essay. The purpose of the attention getter is to grab the reader's attention and give him/her some context for the essay.

Page 7: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Claim and Background Information

• Claim: The overall thesis the writer will argue for

• Background information: Basic information to give your reader some context regarding the topic

Page 8: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Arguments and Evidence

• Arguments: Main points that will be addressed to support your claim.

• Evidence: Data gathered to support your argument and prove your claim.

Page 9: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Counterargument / Rebuttal

• Counterargument: A claim that negates or disagrees with the thesis/claim. Goes against your argument.

• Let’s discuss: WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? Why do we need to address this? What happens to our argument if we don’t?

• Should we use evidence here? Why/Why not?

• Rebuttal: Evidence that negates or disagrees with the counterclaim.

• You can still prove you are right– even after addressing the other side!

• Should we use evidence here? Why/ Why not?

Page 10: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Conclusion/ Call to Action

• Wrap up your argument

• Appeal to the reader so they feel inspired to take action

Page 11: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

How the Appeals fit in

• http://www.shmoop.com/video/ethos-pathos-logos

Page 12: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Ethos in writing

• Ethos or the ethical appeal is based on the character, credibility, or reliability of the writer.

• How to establish ethos

• Use only credible, reliable sources to build your argument and cite those sources properly.

• Respect the reader by stating the opposing position accurately.

• Establish common ground with your audience. Most of the time, this can be done by acknowledging values and beliefs shared by those on both sides of the argument.

• If appropriate for the assignment, disclose why you are interested in this topic or what personal experiences you have had with the topic.

• Organize your argument in a logical, easy to follow manner. You can use the Toulmin method of logic or a simple pattern such as chronological order, most general to most detailed example, earliest to most recent example, etc.

• Proofread the argument. Too many careless grammar mistakes cast doubt on your character as a writer.

Page 13: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Pathos in writing

• Pathos, or emotional appeal, appeals to an audience's needs, values, and emotional sensibilities.

• Argument emphasizes reason, but used properly there is often a place for emotion as well. Emotional appeals can use sources such as interviews and individual stories to paint a more legitimate and moving picture of reality or illuminate the truth.

• Only use an emotional appeal if it truly supports the claim you are making, not as a way to distract from the real issues of debate. An argument should never use emotion to misrepresent the topic or frighten people.

Page 14: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Logos in writing

• Uses inductive and deductive reasoning.

• Inductive reasoning takes a specific representative case or facts and draws conclusions from them. MUST be based on a sufficient amount of reliable evidence. In other words, the facts you draw on must fairly represent the larger situation or population.

• Deductive reasoning begins with a generalization and then applies it to a specific case. The generalization you start with must have been based on a sufficient amount of reliable evidence.

Page 15: Introduction to the Parts of an Argument · Practice Identifying the Parts • Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different parts of an argument.

Practice Identifying the Parts• Read the assigned text and use your notes to annotate the piece for different

parts of an argument.

Color 1= Hook: Note, what kind of hook/ and is it effective or not

Color 2= Claim

Color 3= Arguments

Color 4= Evidence: Note, does their evidence support their argument?

Circle= Counterargument: Note, do they use evidence in the counter?

Underline= Rebuttal: Note, do they use evidence in the rebuttal?

Comment on and the call to action.

Draw a bubble around appeals to ethos/pathos/logos: Note, comment on

the authors usage

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