Introduction to the Global Crop Diversity Trust
37
The Global Crop Diversity Trust: a Foundation for Food Security
-
Upload
luigi-guarino -
Category
Technology
-
view
1.572 -
download
2
description
Presentation to Tunisian national genebank
Transcript of Introduction to the Global Crop Diversity Trust
The Global Crop Diversity Trust: a Foundation for Food Security
What is the Trust ?
Independent international organization established by FAO and CGIAR Centres
• Established in October 2004
• Secretariat in Bonn from January 2013
Endowment to secure long-term funding for global system
• Complementary short-term project funding to overcome
key constraints
Policy framework of International Treaty on PGRFA
• Element of the funding strategy of the Treaty
• Priority for crops under Annex 1, collections in Article 15
Governed by Executive Board
• Treaty GB, Donors Council, FAO, CGIAR
International collections
Goal“to advance an efficient and sustainable global system of ex situ conservation by
promoting the rescue, understanding, use and long-term conservation of valuable
plant genetic resources”
Building and sustaining the Global System
Image by:Neil Palmer/CIAT
Ex situ conservation
Over 1,700 facilities
Holding 7.4m accessions
Vital resource for breeding
Safety duplication
Long-term collection
On-farm management
Breeding/ Working collection
The “Global System” we have now
Conservation
Use
Distribution
Global back-up
Safety duplicate collection
Long-term international collection
National collection
Breeding/Working collection
On-farm management
The “Global System” we need
Conservation
Use
National genebanks have intimate knowledge of indigenous experience and wisdom, local conditions and needs
• search out, acquire, screen, develop, store and distribute diversity of particular and current relevance to country
International genebanks conserve and make available diversity over the long-term
Global back-up – Svalbard Global Seed Vault
Enabling environment – the Treaty
Towards a truly global system
Trust activities
Regeneration Conservation research Evaluation
Permanent backupDuplicationInformation systems
Wheat
78,375 regenerated
3,675 put in vitro
12,255 not viable
Regeneration
Safety duplication
32,917 accessions
43 countries
117 wheat, 615 barleyMongolia, Nepal, Belarus & Armenia
365 ChickpeaGeorgia & Pakistan
215 faba beanGeorgia & Ecuador
157 grasspeaNepal & Pakistan
620 lentilNepal, Georgia & Pakistan
Shipping samples
7 shipments in 1,340 accessions destroyed or returned
many still in quarantine
774,601 accessions stored in Svalbard
Phillippine National Genebank Typhoon Xangsane, 2006
Inside the vault
Photos International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice). 2009.
43 projects
59 collections
20 crops
143 traits
58 NARS
8 CGIAR
43 countries
Evaluation
Promoting use: Information systems
Image by:Neil Palmer/CIAT
Information systems
• Online portal to accession-level information on the world’s genebank holdings
• Initially developed as investment from GCDT, Bioversity, and ITPGRFA-Secretariat
• Initially encompasses CGIAR/held International Collections, Eurisco and USDA
• Searchable on passport, characterization, evaluation and ecogeographic descriptors
• Plans for further development and improvement
• Expandable to include all genebanks!
• An information management system for genebanks• The new incarnation of USDA’s Genetic Resources Information
System (GRIN)• “Open source” software for continued development and
maintenance by the user community
In Trust for the International CommunityPlan and Partnership for Managing and Sustaining CGIAR – held
collections of Plant Genetic Resources
Image by:Neil Palmer/CIAT
Objective
To conserve the diversity of PGR in CGIAR-held collections, to make it available to breeders and researchers in a manner that meets high international scientific standards, is cost efficient, is secure, reliable and sustainable over the long-term and is supportive of and consistent with ITPGRFA
International collections
Accessions
AfricaRice Rice 20,000
Bioversity Banana 1,298
CIAT Beans, Cassava, Tropical forages 65,635
CIMMYT Maize, Wheat 155,129
CIPPotato, Sweet potato, Andean Roots
& Tubers16,495
ICARDAGrain legumes, Wheat, Barley,
Forage & range crops134,160
ICRAF Trees 5,144
ICRISAT Dryland cereals, Grain legumes 156,313
IITACowpea, Cassava, Yam, Banana,
Misc legumes28,286
ILRI Tropical forages 18,291
IRRI Rice 110,817
Total 711,568
International collections
CGIAR Research Program for Managing and Sustaining Crop Collections
11 Centres
5 year funding plan
$20 million/year
Routine operations
Trust management and oversight
Commitment by donors to transition to funding through Trust endowment
Transition to sustainable funding
Online reporting tool
Safe-guarding threatened diversity and promoting use:Collecting, protecting and preparing crop wild relatives
Image by:Neil Palmer/CIAT
But why CWR?
Hoisington et al 1998
Folke 2001
The Trust’s CWR initiative
• Identify, collect, conserve, document and use key crop wild relative diversity for climate change adaptation (in developing countries)
• $50 million over 10 years pledged by Norwegian government, starting 2011
• 26 target crops
Species Common nameAvena sativa OatCajanus cajan PigeonpealCicer arietinum ChickpeaDaucus carota CarrotEleusine coracana Finger milletHelianthus annuus SunflowerHordeum vulgare BarleyIpomoea batatas Sweet potatoLathyrus sativus Grass pea/Common chicklingLens culinaris LentilMalus domestica AppleMedicago sativa Alfalfa/LucerneMusa acuminata Cavendish bananaMusa balbisiana Guangdong plantain
Species Common nameOryza glaberrima African riceOryza sativa RicePennisetum glaucum Pearl milletPhaseolus lunatus Butter bean/Lima beanPhaseolus vulgaris Garden beanPisum sativum Garden peaSecale cereale RyeSolanum melongena Eggplant/AubergineSolanum tuberosum PotatoSorghum bicolor SorghumTriticum aestivum Bread wheatVicia faba Faba beanVicia sativa Common vetchVigna subterranea Bambara groundnutVigna unguiculata Cowpea
Crop wild relatives initiative
Gap analysis: carrot
Gap analysis: carrot
