Xia Qiang, MD & PhDDepartment of PhysiologyRm C518, Block C, Research Building, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zijingang CampusTel: 88208252Email: xiaqiang@zju.edu.cn

At an HMS graduation in the late 1940s, he said Half of what we have taught you is wrong. Unfortunately, we dont know which half.

Dr. Burwell was a cardiologist who specialized in circulation changes associated with heart disease. He is credited with bringing attention to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In 1944, while Dr. Burwell was Dean, women entered Harvard Medical School for the first time on an equal basis with men.

1900+1960+2000+

Harden RM, Sowden S, Dunn WR. Some educational strategies in curriculum development: The SPICES model. Med Educ. 1984; 18:284-297 Abraham Flexner Ronald M. Harden

Bligh J (2001). PRISMS: New educational strategies for medical education. Medical Education, 35:520-521 John Bligh

211999200120022008

(World Union of Medical Education)(International criterion of medical education for undergraduate students)362 2.6

Preclinical Courses Year 1Preclinical Courses Year 2Clinical Epidemiology and Population HealthHuman DevelopmentHealth Care PolicyHuman SystemsIntroduction to the ProfessionPatient Doctor IIThe Molecular and Cellular Basis of MedicinePsychopathology and Intro to Clinical PsychiatryIntegrated Human PhysiologyThe Human BodyImmunology, Microbiology and PathologyHuman GeneticsPatient-Doctor Year IMedical Ethics and ProfessionalismMolecular Biology of Human DiseasePhysician In CommunityScholarship in MedicineIntroduction to Social Medicine and Global Health

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of practices evolved to maintain and restore human health by the prevention and treatment of illnessThe word medicine is derived from the Latin ars medicina, meaning the art of healing

The science of diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease and other damage to the body or mind (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/medicine)Medicine is concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through its study, diagnosis, and treatment (http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-definition/Medicine/)

The Rod of Asclepius, with its single snake, is an ancient Greek symbol associated with medicine(rod of Asclepius)(rod of Asclepius)(caduceus)(caduceus)(Hermes)

Basic sciences of medicine (): this is what every physician is educated in, and some return to in biomedical research Medical specialties () Interdisciplinary fields (): where different medical specialties are mixed to function in certain occasions

Anatomy () is the study of the physical structure of organisms. In contrast to macroscopic or gross anatomy, cytology and histology are concerned with microscopic structures. Biochemistry () is the study of the chemistry taking place in living organisms, especially the structure and function of their chemical components. Biostatistics () is the application of statistics to biological fields in the broadest sense. A knowledge of biostatistics is essential in the planning, evaluation, and interpretation of medical research. It is also fundamental to epidemiology and evidence-based medicine. Cytology () is the microscopic study of individual cells. Embryology () is the study of the early development of organisms. Epidemiology () is the study of the demographics of disease processes, and includes, but is not limited to, the study of epidemics. Genetics () is the study of genes, and their role in biological inheritance. Histology () is the study of the structures of biological tissues by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Immunology () is the study of the immune system, which includes the innate and adaptive immune system in humans, for example. Medical physics () is the study of the applications of physics principles in medicine. Microbiology () is the study of microorganisms, including protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Neuroscience () includes those disciplines of science that are related to the study of the nervous system. A main focus of neuroscience is the biology and physiology of the human brain and spinal cord. Nutrition () is the study of the relationship of food and drink to health and disease, especially in determining an optimal diet. Medical nutrition therapy is done by dietitians and is prescribed for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, weight and eating disorders, allergies, malnutrition, and neoplastic diseases. Pathology as a science () is the study of diseasethe causes, course, progression and resolution thereof. Pharmacology () is the study of drugs and their actions. Physiology () is the study of the normal functioning of the body and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Toxicology () is the study of hazardous effects of drugs and poisons.

Surgery (): "Surgery" refers to the practice of operative medicine, and most subspecialties in this area require preliminary training in "General Surgery." General surgery ()Trauma surgery ()Cardiovascular surgery ()Neurosurgery ()Maxillofacial surgery ()Orthopedic surgery ()Otolaryngology ()Plastic surgery ()Oncologic surgery ()Vascular surgery ()Pediatric surgery ()Anesthesiology ()

Medicine (): "Medicine" refers to the practice of non-operative medicine, and most subspecialties in this area require preliminary training in "Internal Medicine". Cardiology () Critical care medicine ()Endocrinology ()Gastroenterology ()Hematology ()Hepatology ()Infectious diseases ()Nephrology ()Oncology ()Proctology () Pulmonology ()Rheumatology ()Sleep disorder ()Neurology ()Geriatrics ()Pediatrics ()Family Practice ()

Diagnostic specialties:Clinical laboratory sciences () are the clinical diagnostic services which apply laboratory techniques to diagnosis and management of patients. In the United States these services are supervised by a pathologist. The personnel that work in these medical laboratory departments are technically trained staff who do not hold medical degrees, but who usually hold an undergraduate medical technology degree, who actually perform the tests, assays, and procedures needed for providing the specific services. Subspecialties include Transfusion medicine, Cellular pathology, Clinical chemistry, Hematology, Clinical microbiology and Clinical immunology. Pathology as a medical specialty () is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of diseases and the morphologic, physiologic changes produced by them. As a diagnostic specialty, pathology can be considered the basis of modern scientific medical knowledge and plays a large role in evidence-based medicine. Many modern molecular tests such as flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, gene rearrangements studies and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) fall within the territory of pathology. Radiology () is concerned with imaging of the human body, e.g. by x-rays, x-ray computed tomography, ultrasonography, and nuclear magnetic resonance tomography. Clinical neurophysiology () is concerned with testing the physiology or function of the central and peripheral aspects of the nervous system. These kinds of tests can be divided into recordings of: (1) spontaneous or continuously running electrical activity, or (2) stimulus evoked responses. Subspecialties include Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Evoked potential, Nerve conduction study and Polysomnography. Sometimes these tests are performed by techs without a medical degree, but the interpretation of these tests is done by a medical professional.

Other:Ophthalmology () exclusively concerned with the eye and ocular adnexa. Combines conservative and surgical therapy, and has its own College. Dermatology () is concerned with the skin and its diseases. In the UK, dermatology is a subspecialty of general medicine.Emergency medicine () is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of acute or life-threatening conditions, including trauma, surgical, medical, pediatric, and psychiatric emergencies. Obstetrics and gynecology () (often abbreviated as OB/GYN) are concerned respectively with childbirth and the female reproductive and associated organs. Reproductive medicine and fertility medicine are generally practiced by gynecological specialists. Palliative care () is a relatively modern branch of clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom relief and emotional support in patients with terminal illnesses including cancer and heart failure. Pediatrics () is devoted to the care of infants, children, and adolescents. Like internal medicine, there are many pediatric subspecialties for specific age ranges, organ systems, disease classes, and sites of care delivery. Physical medicine and rehabilitation (or physiatry) () is concerned with functional improvement after injury, illness, or congenital disorders. Psychiatry () is the branch of medicine concerned with the bio-psycho-social study of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cognitive, perceptual, emotional and behavioral disorders. Related non-medical fields include psychotherapy and clinical psychology.

General practice, family practice, family medicine or primary care () is, in many countries, the first port-of-call for patients with non-emergency medical problems. Many other health science () fields, e.g. dietetics ()Bioethics () is a field of study which concerns the relationship between biology, science, medicine and ethics, philosophy and theology. Biomedical Engineering () is a field dealing with the application of engineering principles to medical practice. Clinical pharmacology () is concerned with how systems of therapeutics interact with patients. Conservation medicine () studies the relationship between human and animal health, and environmental conditions. Also known as ecological medicine, environmental medicine, or medical geology. Disaster medicine () deals with medical aspects of emergency preparedness, disaster mitigation and management. Diving medicine () (or hyperbaric medicine) is the prevention and treatment of diving-related problems. Evolutionary medicine () is a perspective on medicine derived through applying evolutionary theory. Forensic medicine () deals with medical questions in legal context, such as determination of the time and cause of death. Gender-based medicine () studies the biological and physiological differences between the human sexes and how that affects differences in disease. Hospital medicine () is the general medical care of hospitalized patients. Physicians whose primary professional focus is hospital medicine are called hospitalists in the USA. Medical humanities () includes the humanities (literature, philosophy, ethics, history and religion), social science (anthropology, cultural studies, psychology, sociology), and the arts (literature, theater, film, and visual arts) and their application to medical education and practice. Medical informatics (), medical computer science, medical information and eHealth are relatively recent fields that deal with the application of computers and information technology to medicine.

Nosology () is the classification of diseases for various purposes. Preventive medicine () is the branch of medicine concerned with preventing disease. Community health () or public health is an aspect of health services concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. Occupational medicine () 's principal role is the provision of health advice to organizations and individuals to ensure that the highest standards of health and safety at work can be achieved and maintained. Aerospace medicine () deals with medical problems related to flying and space travel. Osteopathic medicine (), a branch of the U.S. medical profession. Pharmacogenomics () is a form of individualized medicine. Sports medicine () deals with the treatment and preventive care of athletes, amateur and professional. The team includes specialty physicians and surgeons, athletic trainers, physical therapists, coaches, other personnel, and, of course, the athlete. Therapeutics () is the field, more commonly referenced in earlier periods of history, of the various remedies that can be used to treat disease and promote health [1]. Travel medicine () or emporiatrics deals with health problems of international travelers or travelers across highly different environments. Professions complementing physicians Nursing specialties (): specialties performed by Nurses. Mid-level practitioners (): performance of medical sciences by other certified people than physicians or nurses; Nurse practitioners, practitioners of medical psychology, midwives and physician assistants, treat patients and prescribe medication in many jurisdictions. Allied health professions (): a diverse set of clinical healthcare professions distinct from medicine and nursing. Urgent care () focuses on delivery of unscheduled, walk-in care outside of the hospital emergency department for injuries and illnesses that are not severe enough to require care in an emergency department. In some jurisdictions this function is combined with the emergency room. Veterinary medicine (); veterinarians apply similar techniques as physicians to the care of animals.

Morphological courses:Functional courses:Mixed courses:

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021100810--1181214903--24181215002--12.5181221002--02181207001.5--12181211003.5--45.5181971301.5--121812106024--041812121034--041812206030--211812207040--31.51.51.53()61.533031100800.52424+0.5

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Morphological courses:Anatomy ()Histology and Embryology () Pathology ()Functional courses:Physiology ()Pathophysiology ()Pharmacology ()

Include the theoretical contents and corresponding laboratory contents of following courses:Anatomy ()Histology and Embryology () Pathology ()Physiology ()Pathophysiology ()Pharmacology ()

Theoretical contents: Introduction to BMS ()BMS 1 (1)BMS 2 (2)BMS 3 (3)BMS 4 (4)Laboratory contents:Morphological Practicals (1234)()Experiments of Physiological Sciences ()()

Systematic anatomy ()Regional anatomy ()(Macroanatomy)

10()()Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) (Italian)

celltissueorgansystemhuman body

9 (locomotor system ) (alimentary system) (respiratory system) (urinary system) (reproductive system) (vascular system) (sensory organ) (nervous system) (endocrine system)

histology

embryology215-569-

physiology (human physiology)

pathophysiology-

pathology

pharmacology(pharmacodynamics)(pharmacokinetics)

/XXCTPETMRI

HE

transmission electron microscopyscanning electron microscopy

microdissection:PCR

histochemistry immunohistochemistry in situ hybridizationDNAmRNA

PASvWF BmRNA

autoradiography 3H

in situ polymerase chain reaction, in situ PCRPCR

comparative genomic hybridization

biochip techniquegene chipDNADNAprotein chipprotein microarraytissue chiptissue microarray

Fully Automatic DNA Testing SystemExample of a DNA Chip for Infectious Disease Diagnosis

Detection of proteins using the magneto-nano protein chip

Tissue Microarray

morphometrystereologymicrospectrophotometryimage analysisflow cytometry

Granulocyte flow cytometry. Granulocytes are electronically selected (upper left plot: red R1 region), and analysed for expression of CD16, CD55 and CD66 cell-membrane proteins (lower dot-plots). Two cell populations are visible, a residual normal and the GPI-deficient PNH clone.

cell culture tissue engineering

vital staining

cell isolation

autopsybiopsycytology

/animal experimentacute animal experimentchronic animal experiment:

animal model of human diseasesspontaneous animal modelspontaneous hypertensive rat, SHRexperimental animal model

Obese Rat and Normal RatCoronary heart disease

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Transferable skills are the skills and abilities that transfer from job to job no matter which position(s) you have held in the pastTransferable skills are the skills you've gathered through various jobs, volunteer work, hobbies, sports, or other life experiences that can be used in your next job or new career

WritingAnalyzingConducting researchOrganizingAdvocatingDelegatingPublic speakingEstimatingForecastingPlanningManagementComputer literacyWork well under pressureForeign language skillsSign language skillsCoordinate eventsTeach/Train othersNegotiation skillsProofreading and editing skillsProblem solving skillsFlexibility/AdaptabilityTeam playerInterpersonal skillsInterviewing skillsDecision-making skillsCreative thinking skills

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2009.

We seek to prepare our graduates for distinguished careers in clinical practice, teaching, research, and public service!

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