Introduction to the Civil War 1861-1865 The regimental colors of the 19th Massachusetts Infantry...
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Transcript of Introduction to the Civil War 1861-1865 The regimental colors of the 19th Massachusetts Infantry...
Introduction to the Civil War
1861-1865
The regimental colors of the 19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment were damaged in battle during
the American Civil War.
Kyle WoodwardOld KY Home Middle SchoolBardstown, KY
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The Civil War
Who was involved? #1 The Confederate States of America
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The Civil War
Who was involved? #2 The Union (Free States & Territories)
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The Civil War
Who was involved? #3 The Border States
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The Civil War
Why were the Border States so important?
• Important geographically
Why were the Border States so unusual?
• Slave states that stayed with the Union
“I hope to have God on my side but I have to have Kentucky” -- Abraham Lincoln
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The Civil War
How did they fight? Total War - organisation of all the resources (people and products) of a country towards the war effort
• The resources of enemy civilians are fair targets in total war (ex. Farms, food, etc)
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Thinking Question:
(Don’t write! Just think!)
Are governments ever justified in targeting civilians (non-soldiers) in wartime?
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
• Population: 22 million
• 4 million men of combat age
South
• Population: 9 million
• 1.2 million men of fighting age
• 3.5 million slaves
North has the advantage in population
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
• Economy:100,000 Factories
• 70,000 miles of Railroad
• $190,000 in bank deposits
South
• Economy: 20,000 factories
• 9,000 miles of Railroad
• $50,000 in bank deposits
North has the advantage in industrial power
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
• Armed Forces:mostly drafted soldiers with overly cautious officers
• More soldiers
• African Americans - 10% of Union forces
• Strong navy
South
• Armed Forces: better trained soldiers & better leadership
• No real navy
North has the advantage in # of soldiers, but South in the quality of
soldiers & generals
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
• Government - Strong well-established government
South
Government - Weak government, most power given to states
North has a stronger government, better able to direct resources (people & products)
towards the war
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
• Motivation: Preserve the union
• Later - free the slaves
South
• Motivation: Preserve way of life
Who has the advantage in motivation? You decide.
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Goals:
North
Anaconda Plan
1. Blockade the South
2. Divide - Split the Confederacy by gianing control of the Mississippi River
3. Conquer - remaining parts
South
1. Defend existing territory
2. Gain recognition of Confederacy as independent nation
Whose goals would be easier to reach?
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Leaders:
Abraham Lincoln:
“A House divided against itself cannot stand” -- A. Lincoln
• Little political experience (served 1 term in the House of Representatives)• Strong reputation for honesty, temperance, jokes and storytelling
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Leaders:
Jefferson Davies:
“All we ask is to be left alone” -- J. Davies
• West Point graduate, Colonel in Mexican-American war, Secretary of war, & Senator from Miss.
Who has the advantage in leadership?
• Not a popular president, especially with big fans of state’s rights
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Northern Commanders
George McClellan
A. E. Burnside
Joseph Hooker
George G. Meade
Irwin McDowell
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Northern Commanders
Ulysses S. Grant
-- “When in doubt, fight” U.S. Grant
• Son of an Ohio tailor & drunken failure until the Civil War
• Reputation for boldness, resourcefulness, &persistance
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Southern Commander
Robert E. Lee
“It is a good thing war is so terrible; else we should grow too fond of it” -- R.E. Lee
Who has the advantage in Commanders?
• Offered command of Union armies
• Brilliant southern gentleman from one of country’s oldest families
• Family plantation occupied early in the war and turned into Arlington National Cemetary
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Thinking Questions:
(Don’t write: Just think!)
Is it more important to have strong generals or strong civilian leadership in a war?
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So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:Where?
• Fort Sumter lies in the harbor of Charleston, S.C.
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So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:Why?
• When Lincoln enters office, fort is running out of food
What? • Lincoln can either defend the fort
and risk war or abandon it and look weak in the eyes of the South
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So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:So..
. • Lincoln sends unarmed vessel with food, giving the governor of S.C. plenty of warning
• S.C. attacks anyway and Lincoln asks for Northern volunteers
• This attack on the Union probably helps him keep many of the border states