INTRODUCTION TO THE BODY HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Dr. Smith [email protected].
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Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO THE BODY HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Dr. Smith [email protected].
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Anatomy/Physiology
Anatomy - study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts
Physiology – study of how the body parts work together
FORM FITS FUNCTION To view – dissect individual parts of body
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Organization of the Body Organisms are made up of trillions of atoms Atoms combine to form complicated molecules Molecules combine to form organelles – components
of cells that do a specific function for a cell Organelles combine to form cells (smallest living unit) Cells that work together combine to form tissues Tissues that work together to form an organs Organs that work together form an organ system Organ Systems that work together form an organism
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Biological Organization
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Anatomical Position Reference position where we can
discuss the relationship of one body part to another
Standing Posture, Palms forwards, head and feet forward
Supine refers to body lying face up
Prone refers to body lying face down
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Anatomical Directions
When the body is in anatomical position we can use these terms
Superior/Inferior- towards the head/towards the feet Anterior (Ventral)/Posterior(Dorsal) – towards the
front/towards the back Medial/Lateral – towards the midline/away from the midline Proximal/Distal – towards the trunk of the body/away from
the trunk of the body Superficial/Deep – near the surface/away from the surface
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Body Planes
Used to “cut” a body into smaller segments
Sagittal Plane – cut lengthwise from head to toe – mid-sagittal – two equal halves
Frontal Plane (also called coronal plane) – divides into anterior and posterior
Transverse Plane – horizontal plane – divides into superior and inferior portions
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BODY CAVITIES Body Cavity - open spaces in body where organs are kept -
Cranial cavity (dorsal) – houses brain
Spinal cavity (dorsal – houses spinal column
Thoracic cavity (ventral) – houses lungs and heart – divisions – mediastinum – middle - pleural (lungs) sides
Abdominopelvic Cavity – separated from thoracic by diaphragm
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Abdominopelvic Regions
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Picture of unidentified student when she found out how much work this class entails
YIKES!!YIKES!!!!!!!!
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Body Regions Axial Region – centralized
body trunk – consists of head, neck, and torso
Appendicular – upper and lower extremities
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Balance of Body Functions
Homeostasis – regulation of the living environment – Biological balance
Homeostasis is controlled by feedback loops - Sensor – senses a change in the environment Control center – processes the change Effector - effects the controlled condition
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Negative Feedback Loop Negate or oppose a change in a condition
– return to normal
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Positive Feedback Loop
Not common – amplify or reinforce a change that is occurring
Uterine contractions in the birthing process and the introduction of platelets to cuts
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