Introduction to Systems Engineering

Richard Fullalove Manager, Systems Engineering

Agenda

• What is a System? • What is Systems Engineering? • Practical application & scaling of SE • SE Standard & Technical Processes • Context of SE to other management areas • The System Lifecycle • Case studies • ASA expectations

What is a System/SOS? • An integrated assembly or combination of interrelated components or

sub-systems working towards a defined common objective • A system typically consists of:

– People INTEGRATED MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM

– Processes ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM

– Hardware (E.G. ROADS & TRAFFIC

Rail Traffic AUTHORITY + TOLL ROAD ControllersOPERATORS)

rface

s

Inte

– Software RAIL TRANSPORT SYSTEM

rfacesRail Traffic Inte

Ticketing Rail Control System Network System

– Tools Comms

Station Traction Managemt Power Distr

System System AIR TRANSPORT SYSTEMTrainborne System (E.G. SYDNEY

InterfacesVehicle Ventilation rface

s

AIRPORT + AIR SERVICES AUSTRALIA +

Body & Heating Inte– Support

MARITIME TRANSPORT SYSTEM

(E.G. SYDNEY FERRIES + SYDNEY PORTS)

Interfaces

System System

Propulsion System

Train Comms system

Braking System

Train Driver and

Guard

Train Control System

AIRLINES)

Interface

s

The Railway System

SER

Internal stakeholders Other transport modes

External stakeholders

Control Local Signalling

Bulk Supply Substation

HV Feeders

Stabling Yard

Signal/Area Control

Network/Line Management

Signal/Telecom Depot Civil/Track

Depot

Electrical Depot

Fleet Depot

Traction Substation

Electrical Bulk Supplier Transmission Grid

SecurityTelecomMaintainer

SignalMaintainer

SignalOperator

InfraControl

ElectricalControl

Operator

LineMgmt

NetworkMgmt

TelecomMaintainer

Signal Maintainer

Track MaintainerCivil

Maintainer

ElectricalMaintainer

PresentStaff

YardSecurity

Yard OpsStaff

YardMaster

R’StockMaintainer

DepotSecurity

DepotOps StaffDepot

Manager

Commuter

PlatformStaff

Driver

Guard

SecurityStaff

Commuter

UnauthorisedPerson on track

ProtectionOfficer

AuthorisedPerson on track

Track Protection

Staff

DutyManager

CateringStaff

Security

Signaller-Train

Station Security Ops

Staff protection on track

Platform Ops

Station-Train

Line Control-Train

EOC-Substation

Manage Fleet Depot

Fleet Depot Movements

Fleet Depot Security Ops

Maintain Fleet Assets

Signaller-Line Control

Control Infra Maintenance

Electrical Network Switching

Line Management

Manage Rail Network

Rail Network Security Ops

Signalling Ops in Control Area

Maintain SCC Signalling Systems

Maintain SCC Telecom Systems

SCC Security Ops

Maintain Signal Assets

Maintain Telecom Assets

Control Local Telecoms

Authorised activities (survey, install, test, maintain...)

Use Station services

Use services

Catering Services (intercity)

On-Train & Platform-Train Ops

Train Security Ops

Train Driving

Stabling Yard Security Ops

Presentation Services

Manage Driver Rostering

Stabling Yard Ops

Manage Stabling Yard

Yard-Fleet Depot

Train-Fleet Depot

Train-Yard

Substation-Electrical Depot

Threaten self-harm, trespass, vandalism, theft, terrorism

Ambulance

Police

Fire

HazMat

SES

AccidentInvestigators

Electrical Bulk Supplier

Manage Electrical Bulk Supply

Local Traction

Operator

Local Control of Traction Supply

Network Mgmt-Fleet Depot

Signaller-Yard

Signaller-Fleet Depot

Network Mgmt-Bulk Supplier

Line Control-Station

Maintain Track Assets

Maintain Civil Assets

Signaller-Sig/Tel Depot

Key

Operational Interface

OperationalRole

Infra Control-Civil/Track Depot

Revenue Protection

Infra Control-Electrical Depot

Electrical Maintenance

Ops Interfaces to Other Transport Modes

Ops Interfaces to External Parties

DTRS

OHW

Signals

Station/StopInterchange

StationManager

RevenueCollection

RevenueProtection

Revenue Collection

Station Ops

Station CarPark

Infra Control-Sig/Tel Depot

Bus

Rapid Transit

Light Rail Transit

Air

Active Cycle

Active Walking

Ferry

Taxi

Car

ONRSR

ARTCFreightClients

Utilities

CountryRail

Netw

CER

Councils

Industry

Commerce

Domestic

ADF

Planning &Programs

NWRLOpCo

NSWTrains

Sydney Trains

Freight & Regional

Dev

Policy & Reg

TransportServ

TransportProjects

CustomerExper

Traction feed

Signaller-Station

Switch Local Traction Power

SectionHut

Freight Terminal

Bulk Supply Sub-Traction Sub

Freight Terminal Ops Staff

EPA

Heritage

WorkCover

StateTransitAuthor

What is Systems Engineering?

• An interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems

• INCOSE: – define customer needs and functionality, – document requirements, – design synthesis – system verification & validation – consider complete problem: operations, cost, schedule,

performance, training, support, test, manufacturing, and disposal

What is Systems Engineering?

• Encompasses individual sub-systems and their interactions, to form an integrated system to meet user/ stakeholder requirements

• an inter-disciplinary collaborative approach to derive, evolve and verify a solution that satisfies user/stakeholders’ requirements.

• an iterative problem-solving process, based on the cycle of analyze->synthesize->evaluate

• SE is not just for electrical & software engineers; (Sydney Harbour Bridge is a system)

What is Systems Engineering?

• Takes ambiguous and complex requirements, and applies a structured process to achieve an efficient solution.

• Supports whole lifecycle, starting with a ‘statement of need’, and ending with safe disposal (or renewal) of the system after its intended use.

• A process-based approach that flows through from concept & requirements, through design, development, installation, testing & commissioning, to operations and maintenance and finally decommissioning & disposal.

• A generic and repeatable approach, which can be applied to any branch of engineering, for products and projects.

Practical application of SE

• Three key SE application scenarios: – Multi-discipline engineering services on implementation projects – Standalone SME consulting service (e.g. ReqM, RAM, V&V) – Product development and type approval

• Lifecycle phases can be combined or scaled • Be flexible and pragmatic to ensure Value for Money • Only use SE activities relevant to complexity/novelty • Don’t over-apply SE on every project, scale it! • SE activities incur time and cost (bad for simple projects) • Do not expect all projects to deliver “SE-Heavy” • SE terms mean different things to different organisations

Scaling of SE EffortLevel

Project

Program

Portfolio

HFI

EMC

RA

MS

Sys Arch

V&V

Interface Project Example Project Complex Novelty Unmitigated SE Effort

Scale Project Risk Level R

eqM ($/time) Level

At-grade car park (away from corridor) Small Low Low Low Light L L L L L - L OHW (new/altered) Small Low Low Low Light L L L L L L - HV Feeder 66/33/11kV (new/altered) Small Low Low Low Light L L L L L M - Multi-story car park (adjacent to corridor) Medium Medium Low Medium Medium M M M L L - M Traction Substation (single) Medium Medium Low Medium Medium M H M M M M

Junction Upgrade (single) Medium Medium Low Medium Medium M H M H M M

Station (small to medium, new/altered, single) Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium M M M M H M M Transport Interchange (major, single) Large High Medium Medium Medium H H H M H M H Stabling Yard (single) Large High Low Medium Medium H H M H M H

Major Track Renewals (corridor/network) Large Low Low Medium Light L M M L M - - Transport Access Program (network) Large Medium Medium Medium Medium M H H M M L H Automatic Train Protection (network) Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Advanced Train Control System (network) Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Digital Train Radio System (network) Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H New Fleet Procurement (network/line) Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Traction Power Supply Upgrade (network) Large High Medium High Heavy H H H H H H M Signalling Technology Upgrade (network) Variable High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Corridor/Line Upgrade (brown field) V Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Corridor/Line New Build (green field) V Large High High High Heavy H H H H H H H Sydney's Rail Future (network/multiple programs) V Large V High V High V High Heavy H H H H H H H

SE Standard & Processes

• ASA adopted ISO 15288:2008 “Systems engineering – System life cycle processes” which defines: – Agreement process – Organisation process – Project process – Technical process

• ASA interpreted this standard into AEO requirements

SE Specialty Activities

SE Management Context

• Context within wider: – Enterprise Business (e.g. transporting people)– Quality Management (e.g. ISO 9001 framework) – Asset Management (e.g. ISO 55001 framework)

• Relationship to other management areas: – Project Management – Procurement Management (acquisition & supply) – Discipline Engineering: Civil, Track, Elec, Sig, Tel, R/S – Risk Management – Systems & Safety Assurance

Asset Management context Asset Management

Investment Planning (new assets)

Investment Planning (existing assets)

Maintenance ExecutionMaintenance Planning & Scheduling

Asset Information and Documentation

Application of Designs and Standards

Contract ManagementNetwork Design & Application GuidesIntegrated Planning

Project Management

Project Execution & Asset Installation

Emergency & Contingency Work

Technical Support

Monitoring: Condition & Performance

Asset Retirement

Asset Replacement

Network & Asset Operation

Commissioning Tests

Procure Assets & Related Services

Plant Design Specs, Standards & Policies

Technology Research & Application

Logistics and Spares Management

Hand-over Asset Refurbishment

Quality Assurance

Systems Engineering Technical Processes & Phases (ISO 15288)Reqts Definition

Verification

Integration

Implementation

Architectural Design

Reqts Analysis

Operation

Validation

Disposal

Maintenance

AcceptNeed Concept Specify Procure Design Build Integrate Operate & Maintain DisposeEvolve

Concept Development Production Utilisation & Support RetirementExploratory

Plan Acquire Operate/Maintain Dispose

Transition

SE Lifecycle V-Model

CMAAC Gates

Gate 1Reqmnts complete

Gate 3 For

Construction

Gate 0Initiation (Need)

AcceptNeed Concept Specify Procure Design Build Integrate Operate and Maintain Dispose

Concept Development Production Utilisation and Support Retirement

Verification (System)

Verification (System Interfaces)

Material Procurement, Fabrication / ManufacturingConstruction / Installation

Unit Level Inspection

& Test

Unit Level Design,

Final Design

OCD/MCD, Service Design

Define Need, early Con Ops,

draft T/T

Subsystem Integration

& Test

System Integration

& Test

Disposal planning & executionSystem Validation

Verification (Subsystem Level)

Verification (Unit Level)

System Validation & Acceptance

Subsystem Design

Sys Design, Physical

Architecture

Ref Design, SRS, Funct Architecture

Operate & Maintain(Replace, Refurbish,

Renew, Upgrade)

Plan Acquire Operate/Maintain

Gate 2 Initial

Design

System Definition

Gate 4 Ready to

Test

Gate 6 Asset

Review

Syst

em In

tegr

atio

n/Re

alis

atio

n

Gate 5 Accept Assets

Dispose

Feasibility, Business

Case, BRS

Exploratory

Evolve

System ReqtsValidation

System DesignVerification

Subsystem DesignVerification

Unit DesignVerification

Build Verification

Who does what when

O&M Agency

PPD

CED/FRDTSD

O&M Agency

CED/FRDTSD

TPD

Supply Chain (AEOs)Design/Build/Integrate/Test

Demand AnalysisStrategic Goals

Ops & Maint ConceptBusiness Case

Business Requirements

System Requirements

Procure, Fabricate, Manufacture

Site Installation & Assembly

Sub-system Integrate & Test

Network Integration Test & Commission

Validate, Accept & Hand-backvalidate

verify

validate

Operate & Maintain

Measure Performance

Stakeholder engagement

Lifecycle stage transition

System life cycle stage

System Integrate & Test

Disposal

Sys

tem

/Fun

ctio

nal V

iew

Phy

sica

l/Sol

utio

n V

iew

System Implementation/RealisationSystem Definition & Design

CED: Customer Experience DivFRD: Freight & Regional DevelopTSD: Transport Services DivTPD: Transport Projects DivAEO: Authorised Eng Organisation

Systems Architecture

(Prelim Design)

Sub-system Detailed Design

Assembly Level (Detailed Design)

verify

Component Level Final Design

AFC

verify

verify

verify

Plan Acquire Operate/Maintain Dispose

verify

verify

verify

SE Case Studies

Why you should use SE• Facilitates understanding of client/user needs • Efficient design derived from client requirements • System functions in an integrated way • Reduced EMC issues • Reliable, available and maintainable system • Justified confidence that system will be accepted • Achieves stated function and performance • Both CapEx and OpEx lifecycle costs considered • Humans actually can (and want to) use it! • Success helps release funds for future work

Expectations• Improve wider, common understanding of SE • Raise the “lowest common denominator” • Remove the mystery; it’s just engineering! • Engage industry to improve SE in cluster • Develop common SE framework • Improve business-to-solution traceability • Improve system performance • Reduce risk in system acquisition • Develop whole-of-life system culture

…finally…

Questions?