Introduction to SPSS Allen Risley Academic Technology Services, CSUSM [email protected] 750-4169

Introduction to SPSS

Allen RisleyAcademic Technology Services, [email protected]

http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/

mailto:[email protected]

SPSS Workshop Agenda

• Layout of the Program• Adding Data to SPSS• Preparing Data for Analysis• Creating New Variables• Descriptive Data Analysis• Working with SPSS Output


Layout of the SPSS Program

• SPSS Program Windows

• Menus and Toolbars

• SPSS Options


SPSS Program Windows• SPSS Program Windows– Data Editor

• Data View• Variable View

– Output Viewer– Syntax Editor

• File Types– Data: filename.sav– Output: filename.spo– Commands: filename.sps

• Menus and Toolbars


SPSS Options• Users can set options to make

program easier to use• Edit menu– Choose Options– On General Tab:

• Display Names & File• h Record Syntax… & Temp. Dir.

– H:\

– On Viewer Tab:• h Display Commands in the Log


More SPSS Options– Output Labels Tab

• For Pivot Table Labeling:– Variables in labels shown as

Names and Labels– Variable values in labels shown

as Values and Labels

– Pivot tables Tab• For Tablelook:

– Choose Academic (narrow).tlo


Adding Data to SPSS

• Use Syntax to Read an Existing Data File

• In-line Data in a Syntax File

• The SPSS Text Import Wizard

• Data Entry in the SPSS Data Editor

• Import from Excel


Loading Data Using Text Wizard• The SPSS Text Import

Wizard:– File Menu:

• Read Text Data– In Open Data box, enter:

C:\SPSS\grades.txt– Step 1: choose No, Next– Step 2: choose Fixed

Width, No, Next– Step 3: use defaults: Next– Step 4: use defaults: Next



Wizard:– Step 5: Use these names

and formats:• V1: ID, Numeric• V2: Gender, String• V3: Test1, Numeric• V4: Test2, Numeric• V5: Test3, Numeric• Click on Next



Wizard:– Step 6: choose No, Yes

• The Yes will open a syntax window with the text of a GET DATA command

– Click on Finish– In the Syntax window

choose the Run Menu• Choose All

– This creates an SPSS data file with the contents of grades.txt


Loading Data Using Syntax• You can re-use a syntax

file by opening it and running it– File menu

• Open– Syntax…

• You can open a blank syntax window to type in your own commands– File menu

• New– Syntax…


Other Ways to Load Data• Data Entry in the SPSS

Data Editor

• Import from Excel– File Menu:

• Open– Data

– In Open Data box, enter: C:\SPSS\grades.xls

– Click OK for defaults


Preparing Data for Analysis

• Variable Formats

• Variable Labels

• Value Labels

• Missing Values

• Copying Data Propertieshttp://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/

Formatting Your Variables• Variable Formats– Click on the Variable View

tab of the Data Editor to edit or display formats• Name • Type • Width• Decimals • Label • Values • Missing • Columns • Align • Measure

• Variable Labels – – Type in descriptive text

that explains what the variable measures


Formatting Your Variables (cont.)• Value Labels – Text that

explains what numeric values stand for– Click in the cell of the Value

column for your variable, enter a Value and Label, click Add

• Missing Values – Defines values that should not be included in calculations– Click in the cell of the Missing

column for the variable, choose either Discrete… or Range… and enter the values


Creating New Variables

• Collapsing Variables Using Recode

• Computing Variables

• Counting Values in Other Variables

• Ranking Cases

• Date and Time Variables


Recoding Variables• Recoding renumbers or

collapses the values of a variable– Transform menu

• Recode into different variables

– Highlight variable(s) and move over with arrow

– Fill in a Name and Label for the new variable

– Click Old and New Values


Recoding Variables

– Specify the Old Value• e.g., 90 through 100, 80

through 89, etc.– Specify a New Value

• e.g., 4 (for an A), 3(for a B), etc.

– Click on the Add button– Repeat until all old and new

values are specified– Old values can be defined as

single values, ranges or missing values

– Add value and variable labels, etc.


Computing New Variables• Create new variables

using equations or functions– Transform menu

• Compute Variable– Enter a Target Variable

Name – e.g. TestAvg– Build a Numeric

Expression• E.g. – (Test1 + Test2 +

Test3)/3– Click OK


Other Ways to Create Variables

• Counting Values in Other Variables

• Ranking Cases

• Date and Time Variables


Descriptive Data Analysis

• FREQUENCIES

• DESCRIPTIVES

• CROSSTABS

• MEANS


The FREQUENCIES Procedure• FREQUENCIES creates tables

with counts of cases for each value of the variable

• Analyze Menu:– Descriptive Statistics…

• Frequencies

• Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to variable list, then click OK

• Statistics, Chart and Format options are available


FREQUENCIES Output1. Command syntax2. Summary statistics3. Variable values and

corresponding labels4. Frequency counts for

each value5. Percentages

1. Raw percent2. Valid percents3. Cumulative percents


The DESCRIPTIVES Procedure• DESCRIPTIVES creates

tables with summaries of values for variables


• Descriptives

• Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to variable list, then click OK

• Options are available to choose different statistics


DESCRIPTIVES Output

1. Command syntax2. Variable name and

label3. Number of cases4. Statistics:– Minimum– Maximum– Mean– Standard Deviation


The CROSSTABS Procedure• CROSSTABS displays the

intersection of values of two or more variables


• Crosstabs

• Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to Row, Column or Layer variable lists, then click OK

• Statistics, Cells and Format options are available


Crosstabs Output1. Table title

2. Column variables

3. Row variables

4. Cell counts (# of cases)

5. Column percents (% of

cases in column)

6. Statisticshttp://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/

The MEANS Procedure• MEANS calculates overall

means and group means (defined by independent variables)


• Means

• Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to Dependent or Independent variable lists, then click OK

• Optional Statistics are available


MEANS Output

1. Command syntax2. Numbers of cases

included and excluded3. Dependent variable4. Independent (group)

variable5. Means6. Number of cases7. Standard Deviationshttp://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/

Working with SPSS Output

• Editing/Manipulating Tables

• Exporting Output to a File

• Copying and Pasting Output


Editing SPSS Tables• SPSS Table objects can

be opened for editing before you use them elsewhere– Right-click on the table– SPSS Pivot Table Object– Either Edit or Open

• Text can be formatted, rows or columns removed, footnotes added, etc.


Exporting SPSS Output to a File• SPSS output can be

exported to other programs

• Either entire output file, or selected tables

• Export to Word, HTML, Excel, Text, PDF, or PowerPoint


Copying and Pasting SPSS Output• To copy and paste SPSS

tables from SPSS to Word:– Right-click on the table– Choose Copy– Switch to Word– Click location in the

document– Choose Paste Special– Choose Picture


On-line SPSS Resources at CSUSM

• Academic Technology Services is developing on-line resources for help with SPSS. Visit our SPSS page at:

– http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/

• E-mail Allen Risley at: [email protected]



Introduction to SPSS Allen Risley Academic Technology Services, CSUSM [email protected] 750-4169

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