Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.
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Transcript of Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.
![Page 1: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Spectroscopy
Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd,
Organic Chemistry
![Page 2: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
NMR Chemical Shift
• Chemical Shift ~ measure of local electron density• =( - ref )/ref * 106 ppm
![Page 3: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Peak Integrals
• 3.8 : 2.9 : 8.8 = 1.31 : 1 : 3.03 = 3.9 : 3 : 9• If formula is known C11H16 :
• 16 H/15.5 units = 1.03 H per unit
![Page 4: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Correlation Charts
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![Page 7: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
13C
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Spin-Spin Splitting
• Multiplicity : singlet, doublet, triplet, quartet, pentet• Determined by number of near neighbors• N-Equivalent neighbors: multiplicity = N + 1
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![Page 10: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Branched Chains have Characteristic Patterns• Quartet-triplet = ethyl• Septet-doublet = gem-dimethyl • (geminal – attached to same atom)
![Page 11: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Inequivalent Neighbors
• N-Neighbors: multiplicity = 2N
![Page 12: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Spin Systems
• Mutually coupled (or isolated equivalent spins)• Two spin systems
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Unknown
• Double bonds and rings: CcHhOoNn
• Dbr = (2c-h+n+2)/2 (2*8-10+2)/2 = 4
![Page 14: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Effect of Field Strength
• Chemical Shift the same in ppm• Multiplets have same spacing in Hz• 60 MHz: 10 ppm = 600 Hz 1 Hz = 0.0166 ppm• 500 MHz: 10 ppm = 5000 Hz 1 Hz = 0.002 ppm
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500 MHz
• Multiplets simplified (more first order)– Better definition in aromatic region
• More sensitive (less sample or less time)
![Page 16: Introduction to Spectroscopy Illustrations from R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061604/5697c01c1a28abf838ccfc55/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Infrared Spectroscopy
• Molecular Vibrations• Characteristic of functional groups• Chain Branching
%T
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Aldehydes and Ketones
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• Aldehyde RCHO 1725 cm-1 Ketone R2CO 1710 cm-1 Cyclobutanones 1780 cm-1
• Aromatic ArCHO 1700 cm-1 Aromatic ArCOR 1690 cm-1 Cyclopentanones 1740 cm-1
• Conjugated• -C=C-CHO 1685 cm-1 -C=C-C=O 1675 cm-1 • | | |
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Alcohols
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Carboxylic Acids
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• Aliphatic R-COOH 1700-1725 cm-1 Conjugated -C=C-COOH 1680-1700 cm-1
• Aromatic Ar-COOH 1680-1700 cm-1
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Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
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• Esters R-COOR C=O 1714-1740 cm-1
• two bands C-O-R 1050-1300 cm-1
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Ethers
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Phenols
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• -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- rock 720 cm -1