STSF6383 Sensor and sensor system

•  Pre-requisites •  Passed at least subject on solid state physics, modern physics,

materials science •  Workload 20 lecture hours + tutorials + homework/

assignment

•  Course Lecturer : Prof Dato’ Dr Muhammad Yahaya : Tel 89215900 : HP: 0133357477

•  Email :myahya@pkrisc.cc.ukm.my:, •  Homepage : •  Room 1111 fizik ;

Objective •  The Objective of the course is to provide Graduate Science with working

knowledge of sensor technologies and sensor system •  The course offers an overview of the basic sensor technology areas with

examples taken from existing products and R&D results •  Course content will include some sensor operational principles, some

basic electronics, and examples of sensors available from market . •  At the end of the course, It is hoped that students will understand the

principles of sensor, how sensors work, sensor characteristics and issues on the use of sensors for measurements, and how to select sensors for specific applications.

Course Topics

•  1. Introduction •  2. Performance

Characteristics of Sensors and Actuator

•  3. Optical sensors •  4. Temperature Sensors •  5. Magnetic and

Electromagnetic Sensors and Actuators

•  6. Mechanical Sensors •  7. Acoustic Sensors and

Actuators •  8. Chemical Sensor •  9. Radiation Sensors •  Optional depending on

allocated time •  10. nanomaterials for

sensor •  11. Interfacing Methods

and Circuits •  12. Interfacing to

Microprocessors:

Introduction

•  1. Classification of sensors and actuators, sensing and actuating strategies, general requirements for interfacing and actuation, sensing, transduction, actuation)

•  2. Performance Characteristics of Sensors and Actuators

•  (Input/output characteristics, accuracy, errors, repeatability, sensitivity analysis, hysteresis, nonlinearity, saturation, frequency response, dynamic characteristics, calibration, resolution, excitation, impedance, applications)

Course Topics •  3. Optical sensors: •  (Photodiodes, phototransistors and photo resistors

based sensors, Photo multipliers, light-to-light detectors, Infrared sensors (thermal, PIR, AFIR, thermopiles), CCD sensors and detectors)

•  4. Temperature Sensors: •  (Thermoresistive sensors: Thermistors, Resistance

temperature sensors, Silicon resistive sensors, •  Thermoelectric sensors, PN junction temperature

sensors, Optical and acoustic temperature sensor

Course Topics •  5. Magnetic and Electromagnetic Sensors and Actuators: •  (Motors as actuators (linear, rotational, stepping motors),

magnetic valves, inductive sensors •  (eddy current, LVDT, RVDT, Proximity), Hall effect sensors,

Magnetoresistive sensors, •  Magnetostrictive sensors and actuators, Magnetometers

(fluxgate, search-coil, Squid), Voice coil •  actuators (speakers and speaker-like actuators),

Electrorheological and magnetorheological •  actuators, Bolometers (microwaves)) •  6. Mechanical Sensors: •  (Accelerometers (capacitive, piezoelectric, piezoresistive,

thermal), Force sensors (strain gauges, •  tactile sensors), Pressure sensors (semiconductor,

piezoresistive, capacitive, VRP), Gyroscopes •  (mechanical, optical, fiber-optics))

Course Topics •  7. Acoustic Sensors and Actuators: •  (Ultrasonic sensors (piezoelectric, electromagnetic),

Piezoelectric actuators, Piezoelectric •  resonators, Microphones, hydrophones, speakers, buzzers) •  8. Chemical Sensor: •  (Electrochemical, Thermo-chemical, ChemFET, Gas, pH,

Humidity, moisture and Opticalchemical •  sensors) •  9. Radiation Sensors: •  (Ionization detectors, Scintillation detectors, Geiger-Mueller

counters, Semiconductor radiation •  detectors, Microwave sensors (resonant, reflection,

transmission), Antennas as sensors)

Bibliography •  1. J. Fraden, “AIP Handbook of Modern Sensors, Physics,

Designs and Applications,” AIP •  2. A. D. Khazan, “Transducers and their Elements,” Prentice

Hall. •  3. R.S. Muller and T.I. Kamins, "Device Electronics for

Integrated Circuits," J. Wiley •  5. S.M. Sze, “Semiconductor Sensors,” John Wiley & Sons. •  6. L. Ristic, “Sensor Technology and Devices,” Artech House,

Inc. •  7. R. Seippel, “Transducers, Sensors and Detectors,” ,Reston

Publishing Company. •  8. “Microsensors,” Eddited by RS. Muller, R. Howe, etc., IEEE

Press. •  9. A.S. Grove, "Physics and Technology of Semiconductor

Devices," John Wiley & Sons. •  10. H.F. Wolf, "Semiconductors," John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Assessment

•  Assessment will be based on •  a term paper 50% •  quizzes/tests/assignments during the semester 40% •  Presentation /Attendance-10% •  there will be no end-of-semester examination.

Write short notes (approx. 20 pages) on the following

(To be submitted end of semester)

•  Sensors for Security •  Sensors in the Food Industry •  DNA Sensors Technologies •  Oxygen Sensor •  Optical fibre sensors •  Electrochemical biosensors •  Making thin films for sensor •  Nanosensor for environment •  advanced chemical and biological nanosensors •  applications of chemiluminescence sensors •  nanomaterial for optical sensors

Term Paper •  Topic due: March 15

•  Outline due: , March 30 •  Project due:, May 30 •  Possible nature of project: •  approx. 15 - 20 page double spaced paper

(including figures) •  computer project (but do some physics ) •  laboratory project •  other (talk to me if you have an idea) •  AND a 20 minute presentation to the class on

your project •  Good starting points: •  Ref text •  books/articles in library •  Journal of sensor

•  •  Possible topic ideas for final paper: •  Discussion of analytical technique not covered in

class. –  (or greater depth on one we do cover).

•  Examine a particular system in some depth - review the literature.

–  Strain gauge –  photodiode –  Materials for sensor –  etc.

•  The term paper should include discussion of the following subjects

1) Brief Statement of the idea and the sensing needs •  2) Who the customers are, and what are some

important specifications (quantitative! may include cost).

•  3) Outline of related inventions already patented, and how yours is distinct. (‘Distinct’ = more than an obvious extension of the existing ‘art’)

•  4) What sensor technologies are relevant. This should be based on a literature search of some sort. The library databases and encyclopedia should be used here.

•  5) The preferred design. Include quantitative details! It should be possible to estimate performance from this design.

•  6) Sensors to be used in the preferred design (incl. part #s, cost, interface specs as much as possible)

•  7) Outline of system electronics and software if necessary. Block diagram/flowchart as a minimum. Some feeling for electronics complexity and cost should be included.

•  8) Outline of packaging requirements, especially if packaging is critical.

•  9) Outline of other miscellaneous requirements •  10) Estimate of cost and time to build working

prototype.

Guideline for essay •  Essay should include a title, abstract, table of contents, introduction,

main text, summary or conclusion, and a full reference list. The title and introduction should clearly describe your topic and include any relevant background material with its importance.

•  Conclusion should clearly present your findings. For the reference list, follow the format used in a journal such as Sains Malaysiana

•  figures and summary tables is strongly encouraged, especially for comparitive essays. Figures may be copied from other work, provided that full acknowledgement of the source is given in the figure caption.

•  You should be aware that your work must comply with University Act and regulations, specifically those dealing with plagiarism. It is not permissible to copy sentences or paragraphs verbatim without clearly identifying the text as a quotation and indicating the source.

•  Excessive quoting of published material is also discouraged: students should present material using their own words as much as possible.

Essay Grading

•  grades are awarded on the following basis: •  Relevance of selected material to topic •  Clear understanding of principles and

underlying theory •  Clarity of presentation (structure, content, use

of figures/tables) •  Evidence of critical assessment and original

thinking