Introduction to Rhetoric
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Transcript of Introduction to Rhetoric
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An introduction to key terms and elements.Note Taking Guide
Rhetoric
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We study rhetoric because:
it helps us to better appreciate appeals to our ethos, pathos, & logos.
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it helps us to become more effective persuasive speakers and writers.
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Rhetoric Defined
Rhetoric (n) - the art of effective expression (speaking & writing) and the persuasive use of language (Burton, 2007)
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Rhetoric requires understanding a fundamental division between what is communicated through language and how this is communicated. (Burton, 2007)
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Aristotle stated that an arguer must state a claim, or a proposition, and prove it.
Click Aristotle to learn more.
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The Greek words used to refer to the proofs are logos (logic),
ethos (credibility), and pathos (emotion).
The Rhetorical Triangle
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Logos
Logical proof appeals to people’s reason, understanding, and common sense. (Weida & Stolley, 2013)
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Two main types of logos (logical proofs) are deduction and induction.
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Includes facts, reasons and opinions that are based on reality.
Example:iHomeCheerios
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Ethos
The ethical appeal is based on the character, credibility, or reliability of the writer. (Weida & Stolley, 2013)
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Includes credible sources, accurate opposition, common ground between the writer and the audience.
Example:Givenchy
Macintosh
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Pathos
Emotional appeal, appeals to the audience’s needs, values, and emotional sensibilities. (Weida & Stolley, 2013)
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Includes personal accounts or interviews
Only use an emotional appeal if it supports the claim of an argument.
Example:UMDNJBC SPCA
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Karios
The opportune occasion for speech. (Burton, 2007)
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Audience
Rhetorical analysis always takes into account how an audience shapes the composition of a text or responds to it. (Burton, 2007)
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Decorum
One's words and subject matter must aptly fit together, to kairos, the audience, and the speaker. (Burton, 2007)
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Practice
Based on the each add determine: Ethos, Pathos or Logos? What’s the Karios? Who’s the audience? What’s the decorum?
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Scheme
A scheme is any artful deviation from the typical arrangement of words in a sentence (Burton, 2007)
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Words preserve their literal meaning, but are placed in a significant arrangement of some kind.
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Active Voice
In a sentence using active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed in the verb. (Toadvine, Brizee, & Angeli, 2011)
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Passive Voice
In a sentence using passive voice, the subject is acted upon; he or she receives the action expressed by the verb. (Toadvine, Brizee, & Angeli, 2011)
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Active Voice versus Passive Voice
Active Voice- The boy hit the ball.
Passive Voice- The ball was hit by the boy.
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Rhetoric uses Active Voice
This makes the meaning clear for readers, and keeps the sentences from becoming too complicated. (Toadvine, Brizee, & Angeli, 2011)
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Works Cited
Burton, G. O. (2007, Feburary 26). Schemes and Tropes. Retrieved September 29, 2013, from Silva Rhetoricae: http://rhetoric.byu.edu/figures/Schemes%20and%20Tropes.htm
Toadvine, A., Brizee, A., & Angeli, E. (2011, July 13). Active and Passive Voice. Retrieved September 29, 2013, from Purdue Online Writing Lab: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/539/1/
Weida, S., & Stolley, K. (2013, March 11). Using Rhetorical Strategies for Persuasion. Retrieved September 29, 2013, from Perdue Online Writing Lab: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/588/04/