Unit 31 - Organic Functional Groups and Introduction to Polymers.
Introduction to Polymers
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Transcript of Introduction to Polymers
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Introduction to Polymers
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Overview
• What are polymers?
• How are polymers named?
• What is a polymer crosslinker?
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Polymers are all around us!
Contact lenses
Sport equipment Clothingpolyester
Plasticcontainers
Synthetic(man-made)
Natural
DNAWood
Carbohydrates(sugars)
Protein(amino acids)
Rubber
Toys
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Polymer Definition
polymer
“many” “part”Polymers are large molecules made of
repeating parts
The repeating parts are chemical compounds
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Polymers are made of chains of repeating compounds
Large(macro)
small(micro)
Polyester fibersPolyester coat
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Polymers are made of chains of repeating compounds
Large(macro)
small(micro)
Polyester fibersPolyester coat
Strings of ‘ester’compounds
ester ester ester ester
Joined bycovalent bonds
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Large(macro)
small(micro)
Polyester fibersPolyester coat
ester ester ester ester
Esters are compoundsmade of elements like
C, H, O
Covalent bonds form when these atoms
share electrons
Polymers are made of chains of repeating compounds
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Naming polymers
ester ester ester ester Polyester
A A A A A A A PolyA
mer mer mer mer mer Polymer
sugar sugar sugar sugar
Name this polymer:
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Naming polymers
ester ester ester ester Polyester
A A A A A A A PolyA
mer mer mer mer mer Polymer
sugar sugar sugar sugar
Name this polymer:Polysugar
(a carbohydrate!)
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Crosslinkers stabilize polymer chains
ester ester ester ester
Polyester fibersPolymer molecule chains
A crosslinker is acompound that bonds polymer chains together
Beads on a string
One fiber
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Crosslinkers stabilize polymer chains
ester ester ester ester
Polyester fibersPolymer molecule chains
Beads on a string
A crosslinker is acompound that bonds polymer chains together
One fiber
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What are some properties of polymers?
How can we change the properties of polymers?
vs.
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The chemical properties of repeat units and their crosslinkers determine the physical properties of polymers
• Density• Melting temperature
• Transparency• Stiffness
See-throughFlexible
Can’t see throughFlexible
Can’t see throughRigid, stiff
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Remember the TP lab?How does TP absorb water?
cellulose cellulose cellulose
+ Water
Toilet paper contains a polymer called cellulose
Remember, paper comes from wood, a
natural polymer!
Example
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Remember the TP lab?How does TP absorb water?
cellulose cellulose cellulose
cellulose cellulose cellulose
+ Water
Toilet paper contains a polymer called cellulose
Water loves cellulose!
This makes TP absorbant!
Example
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Remember the TP lab?How does TP absorb water?
So, the chemical properties of a
polymer (cellulose) in paper help determine its physical properties
(absorbancy)
Example
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Polyethylene (PE)
ethylene ethylene ethylene
An important synthetic polymer
Example
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C CH H
H H
This is what the compound calledethylene looks like:
This repeating compound is called ethylene-Its chemical formula is C2H4
Polyethylene (PE)
ethylene ethylene ethylene
An important synthetic polymer
Example
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C CH H
H HC CH H
H HC CH H
H HC CH H
H H
This is what the compound calledethylene looks like:
This repeating compound is called ethylene-Its chemical formula is C2H4
Polyethylene (PE)
ethylene ethylene ethylene
An important synthetic polymer
Example
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Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)
An importantnatural polymer
Wow, that is complex!
Example
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Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)
An importantnatural polymer
Wow, that is complex!
DNA double helix
Cartoon ofDNA
Example
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polymer
Polymers are used in medical devices
hip
knee
Shin bone
Thigh bone
Thigh bone
cartilage
pelvis
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Polymer Synthesis Lab!
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Homemade silly putty
C CH H
H OH
Repeat unit = vinyl alcohol
Crosslinker = borate ionsBOH
OHOHHO
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Homemade silly putty
C CH H
H O
B
C CH H
O HC CH H
H OC CH H
O H
B
C CH O
H HC CO H
H HC CH O
H HC CO H
H H