INTRODUCTION TO PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
description
Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION TO
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.
26. February.2014 Wednesday
Neuron100 billion neurons in the brain share a number of common features:Cell bodymetabolic center of the neuronDendritesreceives connections from other neurons.Axon transmits information to other neuronsPresynaptic terminals
Synapse terminal region of the axon where one neuron forms a connection with another and conveys information through the process of synaptic transmission.
To communicate with the postsynaptic cell, the presynaptic neuron needs to release a chemical messenger.
Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine Memory
Adrenaline Dopamine Reward,
addictionHistamine
Noradrenaline Serotonin Mood
Neuroglia
Non-neuronal supporting cells
Macroglia
Microglia
Ependymal cells
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• 12 PAIRS OF CRANIAL NERVES• 31 PAIRS OF SPINAL NERVES• ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES (SUCH AS GANGLIA)
MOTOR SENSORY
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v4/n7/fig_tab/nrn1141_F1.html
exteroceptorsexternal stimuli (pain, touch, and temperature)
proprioceptionreceptors @tendons, joint capsules, and muscles convey position sense
http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy2010/html/modules/NS_overview_module/NS_Overview_10.html
interoceptors in visceral organs convey stretch as well as pressure, chemoreception, and pain.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEMSENSORY – AFFERTENT FIBERS
Gyrus & Sulcus & Fissure
SULCI-depressions-DIVIDE THE BRAIN INTO GYRI -elevations- LOBES are MADE UP BY GYRI
Motor homunculusSensory homunculus
Motor homunculusSensory homunculus
Important station that receives the main sensory tracts (except the olfactory pathway).
A station where much of the information is integrated and relayed to the cerebral cortex and many other subcortical regions.
A key role in the integration of visceral and somatic functions.