Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen....

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Introduction to Organic Chemistry

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Transcript of Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen....

Page 1: Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds. The chemistry.

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Page 2: Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds. The chemistry.

• Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds.

• The chemistry of Carbon is called organic chemistry.

• An organic compound is one that has carbon as the principal element.

Page 3: Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds. The chemistry.

Carbon is unique:• It has 6 electrons = 1s22s22p2

• It has room for 4 bonds to 4 other atoms.Organic compounds have specific geometry around the carbon to carbon bond.

• If there are four atoms or groups around a carbon atom, it has a tetrahedral geometry.

Page 4: Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds. The chemistry.

What gas is used in:• Bunsen burner and a

gas stove in your house?

Methane

• Barbecue Grill?

Propane

• Lighter?

Butane

Page 5: Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds. The chemistry.

Properties:

• Carbon has:• 4 valence electrons• Carbon forms covalent bonds with weak

intermolecular attractions• Low melting and boiling points• Not very soluble in water

Page 6: Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds. The chemistry.

• Methane (CH4)

1 C = 6p+

6e-

• Propane (C3H8)

3 C = 18p+

18e-

• Butane (C4H10)

4 C = 24p+

24e-

Weak pull

Mild pull

Stronger pullBoiling Pt.

Page 7: Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds. The chemistry.

Chemical Properties:

• Molecular compounds (covalent bonds) react more slowly than ionic.

• Organic molecules undergo combustion

CH4 + 02 CO2 + H2O

Page 8: Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds. The chemistry.

Structural Formulas:

• Represent a 3D molecule in 2 dimensions

StructuralFormula

Tetrahedron

Page 9: Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds. The chemistry.

Condensed Structural Formulas:

CH3(CH2)3CH3

CH3CH2OH

CH3CHO


Organic Molecules. Carbon Compounds Organic Compounds –Must have Carbon (C)

Organic Molecules. Carbon Compounds Organic Compounds –Must have Carbon (C)

Compounds of Carbon Finalgreenvalleykashmir.com/CMS/Files2/Compounds of Carbon Final.pdf · 10 th Compounds of Carbon Chemistry 1 Compounds of Carbon Position of carbon in the periodic

Compounds of Carbon Finalgreenvalleykashmir.com/CMS/Files2/Compounds of Carbon Final.pdf · 10 th Compounds of Carbon Chemistry 1 Compounds of Carbon Position of carbon in the periodic

Chapter 3 Biochemistry. I. Carbon Compounds Inorganic vs. Organic Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon atoms Organic compounds contain carbon atoms.

Chapter 3 Biochemistry. I. Carbon Compounds Inorganic vs. Organic Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon atoms Organic compounds contain carbon atoms.

CARBON COMPOUNDS. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The compounds of carbon( except the oxides of carbon, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates and carbides) are called organic.

CARBON COMPOUNDS. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The compounds of carbon( except the oxides of carbon, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates and carbides) are called organic.

Organic Chemistry Chapter 22-23. Organic Chemistry Study of carbon-based compounds Carbon has 4 valence electrons Carbon always forms 4 covalent bonds.

Organic Chemistry Chapter 22-23. Organic Chemistry Study of carbon-based compounds Carbon has 4 valence electrons Carbon always forms 4 covalent bonds.

Organic Compounds: Biomolecules aka: Carbon Compounds.

Organic Compounds: Biomolecules aka: Carbon Compounds.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Carbon Compounds Lesson Overview 2.3 Carbon Compounds.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Carbon Compounds Lesson Overview 2.3 Carbon Compounds.

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS - · PDF file02.03.2018 · Name the carbon compound ... 5. Name the compound ... Carbon forms large number of compounds since carbon is small in size and

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS - · PDF file02.03.2018 · Name the carbon compound ... 5. Name the compound ... Carbon forms large number of compounds since carbon is small in size and

Organic Compounds & Carbohydrates. Organic Molecules All contain at least one carbon atom Carbon forms four covalent bonds Likes to bond with hydrogen,

Organic Compounds & Carbohydrates. Organic Molecules All contain at least one carbon atom Carbon forms four covalent bonds Likes to bond with hydrogen,

Carbon Compounds Lecture

Carbon Compounds Lecture

Carbon Compounds Chapter 2 sec. 3. carbon Organic compounds contain carbon.

Carbon Compounds Chapter 2 sec. 3. carbon Organic compounds contain carbon.

Organic Compounds Carbon compounds Made by living organisms A few carbon compounds are considered inorganic: carbon oxides, carbides, carbonates.

Organic Compounds Carbon compounds Made by living organisms A few carbon compounds are considered inorganic: carbon oxides, carbides, carbonates.

Organic Compounds Carbon containing compounds Carbon containing compounds Form covalent Form covalent bonds with (usually) other carbon or hydrogen atoms.

Organic Compounds Carbon containing compounds Carbon containing compounds Form covalent Form covalent bonds with (usually) other carbon or hydrogen atoms.

Chemical Compounds in Living Things Inorganic – Does not contain Carbon Organic – Does contain Carbon –Carbon forms strong covalent bonds –Carbon can attach.

Chemical Compounds in Living Things Inorganic – Does not contain Carbon Organic – Does contain Carbon –Carbon forms strong covalent bonds –Carbon can attach.

The Chemical Basis of Life. Organic Compounds Compounds containing carbon Compounds containing carbon (Actually contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen)

The Chemical Basis of Life. Organic Compounds Compounds containing carbon Compounds containing carbon (Actually contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen)

The chemistry of carbon and its compounds...The chemistry of carbon and its compounds 1. Forms bonds with other elements by sharing electron pairs (covalent bonds) 2. Can form single,

The chemistry of carbon and its compounds...The chemistry of carbon and its compounds 1. Forms bonds with other elements by sharing electron pairs (covalent bonds) 2. Can form single,

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS Occurrence: Natural Forms ...€¦ · CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS Carbon is in period 2 and group 4 of the periodic table. (It has an atomic number of 6) Its

CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS Occurrence: Natural Forms ...€¦ · CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS Carbon is in period 2 and group 4 of the periodic table. (It has an atomic number of 6) Its

Organic Chemistry !""" Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. (Allotropic forms of carbon: diamond, graphite, fullerenes.)

Organic Chemistry !""" Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. (Allotropic forms of carbon: diamond, graphite, fullerenes.)

Compounds of Carbon Chapter 9. Carbon Over seven million compounds containing carbon are known. Over seven million compounds containing carbon are known.

Compounds of Carbon Chapter 9. Carbon Over seven million compounds containing carbon are known. Over seven million compounds containing carbon are known.

Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells. Organic Chemistry: Carbon Based Compounds A. Inorganic Compounds: Compounds without carbon. B. Organic Compounds: Compounds.

Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells. Organic Chemistry: Carbon Based Compounds A. Inorganic Compounds: Compounds without carbon. B. Organic Compounds: Compounds.