chapter 3 study area and its electrical distribution network
Introduction to OpenStack · ANSI/TIA-942-2005 Standard 2005 • Main Distribution Area (MDA) •...
Transcript of Introduction to OpenStack · ANSI/TIA-942-2005 Standard 2005 • Main Distribution Area (MDA) •...
Network Architecture
Tewfiq El Maliki, HES-SO
Data Center Physical Layout
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DATA CENTERS
• Small: < 1 MW, 4 racks per unit
• Medium: 1-4 MW, 10 racks per unit
• Large: > 4 MW, 20 racks per unit
• Built-in cooling, high PUE (power usage effectiveness) 1.02 PUE =
Power In/Power Used
• Rapid deployment
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Câblage non-structuré et structuré
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DC Equipment Cabinets
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ANSI/TIA-942-2005 Standard 2005
• Main Distribution Area (MDA)
• Horizontal Distribution Area (HDA)
• Equipment Distribution Area (EDA)
• Zone Distribution Area (ZDA)
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Link technologies : Copper or Fiber
• Fiber
• Cheaper per unit distance
• Low weight (10g/m)
• Max distance for 10G: 300m (with cheap optics)
• Typically multi-mode fiber (MMF)
• Copper
• Cheaper for short runs (< 8m)
• Heavier (100g/m), larger size cable
• Max distance for 10G : ~8m (real) 15m (spec) 30m (future?)
• Typically Twin-axial cable
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Network Topology
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Power
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Energy Problem
• Pretty good data centers have efficiency of 1.7
• 0.7 Watts lost for each 1W delivered to the servers
• Breakdown:
• Servers: 59%
• Distribution losses: 8%
• Cooling: 33%
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Data Centers Cost and Topology
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DATA Centers
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Performance Isolation
• VLANs typically provide only reachability isolation
• Problem of one service sending/receiving much traffic
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Poor server to server connection
• Data centers run 2 kinds of apps
• Internal computation ~80% paquets stay
• Outward facing
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ToR or EoR
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Architecture
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Clos Network
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Mansoon Clos network Example
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Server-to-server Forwarding
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DCN Requirements
Needs to be Scalable, Secure, Shared, Standardized, and Simplified (5 S's)
Converged Infrastructure: Servers, storage, and network have to work together
Workload Mobility: Large L2 domains required for VM mobilityEast-West Traffic: Significant server-to-server traffic as compared
to server to user. One Facebook request required 88 cache looks, 35 database lookups, 392 backend RPC calls. Intranet traffic 935X the http request/response [Farrington]
Storage traffic on Ethernet: Congestion management on Ethernet (Errors)
Ref: A. Kindlness, "The Forester Wave: Data Center Networking Hardware," Jan 23, 2013, http://ca.westcon.com/documents/46488/forrester_wave_data_cetner_networking_hw_q1_2013.pdfRef: N. Farringon and A. Andreyev, “Face book’s Data Center Network Architecture,”2013 IEEE Optical Interconnect Conference, http://nathanfarrington.com/papers/facebook-oic13.pdf
Facebook Network –Source NF & AA
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