Network Devices Repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers ...
Introduction to networking Devices. Objectives Be able to describe the common networking devices...
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Transcript of Introduction to networking Devices. Objectives Be able to describe the common networking devices...
Introduction to networking
Devices
Objectives Be able to describe the common networking
devices and their functionality, including: Repeaters Hubs Switches Bridges Routers
Icons
Repeater This receives a signal from the network and then
repeats it After a distance an electrical signal will lose power
(attenuation) This node increases the power of the signal again
Hub Multi-port repeater Shares bandwidth Prone to collisions Uses the Ethernet CSMACD technique to
govern communication Cheap Generally non-configurable
Switch Based on the Ethernet MAC address this node will
forward the data to the correct host/machine Creates micro-segments Avoids the CSMACD issues of collision Bandwidth is not divided between connected
hosts Provides Virtual LAN’s Can be very basic and very advanced Advanced models highly configurable
Bridge Connects two segments of a network together Only allows data to pass if the destination
host/machine is located on the other segment Preserves bandwidth
Routers Similar to a bridge Based on the IP Address this node will forward the data
to the correct host/machine Calculates the ‘best path’ Also performs a switching function Uses routing tables Convergence Uses routing protocols Uses ACL’s (Access Control Lists) for security ‘Knows’ the network Can be very advanced, highly configurable
Routers Internal components
D/RAM: storing routing tables, ARP cache, temporary and running memory for the config file Loses data when powered down
NVRAM: stores backup/startup config file Flash: EPROM, hold OS image, allows OS to be
updated, can contain multiple OS’s ROM: POST, bootstrap and basic OS Interface: where packets enter and exit router
Routers Routers can operate at all 7 levels of OSI, but
mainly at levels 1-3 Communication via level 1 and 2 refer to the
routers switching function Routes identify routes via layer 3 Routers are quite simple physically, but very
complicated logically due to its routing logic
Router internal components
You will mostly experience the I/O interfaces and the IOS(the configuration file)
Router functions One physical path must exist between source
and destination Having and using a path are not the same
thing! Source and destination must speak the same
language (routed protocol), routers should also speak the same language (routing protocol), and agree on path
Functions therefore are: Physical interconnectivity Logical interconnectivity Route calculation and maintenance security
Internal components of a 2600 router
Router external connections (2600)WAN interfaces
LAN interfacesManagement ports
WAN connections provide connections through a serviceProvider to a distant site or the Internet, often a CSU/DSU isrequired
Management ports Text based CLI configuration and
troubleshooting Console and auxiliary are used for this (EIA-
232 asynchronous serial ports) Console is the preferred method of configuring
as an administrator has access to router despite what state it is in and it allows the administrator to see and start-up messages
Terminal console connection
HyperTerminal settings
Summary The main devices you will use are:
Switches Routers Hosts Relevant cabling
Cisco Switches and Routers for the CCNA are very advanced and highly configurable
Questions... ...are there any?