Introduction to Neoplasiaand Immunohistochemistry...Ocular Neoplasia •The rules are similar to...
Transcript of Introduction to Neoplasiaand Immunohistochemistry...Ocular Neoplasia •The rules are similar to...
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Introduction to Neoplasia and Immunohistochemistry
Philippe Labelle, DVM, DACVPAntech Diagnostics
13th Biannual William Magrane Basic Science Course in Veterinary and Comparative Ophthalmology
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General Considerations
• Epithelial cells
• Mesenchymal cells
– Spindle cells
– Round/leukocytic cells
NeoplasiaNeoplasia
EpithelialEpithelial SpindleSpindle RoundRound
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Epithelial Neoplasms
• Glands• Nests• Trabeculae• Cords
• Cuboidal, columnar or polygonal• Distinct borders• Mature cells have abundant cytoplasm; Basal cells have
less cytoplasm• Neuroepithelium often forms packets and usually has
features similar to epithelium (not from surface ectoderm)
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Epithelial Neoplasms
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Epithelial Neoplasms
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Mesenchymal‐Spindle Neoplasms
• Spindle
• Streams
• Bundles
• Whorls
• Indistinct borders
• Scant cytoplasm
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Mesenchymal‐Spindle Neoplasms
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Mesenchymal‐Spindle Neoplasms
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Round Cell/Leukocytic Neoplasms
• Round• Sheets
• “round cell” is use both for a category of cells (leukocytes) as well as a descriptor of cell shape
• Histiocytic sarcoma is a common exception. The cells may be round, spindle or polygonal/epithelioid, often in combination
• Melanocytic neoplasia can have a round cell phenotype (not of leukocytic origin)
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Round Cell/Leukocytic Neoplasms
Lymphoma PlasmacytomaMast cell tumor Histiocytoma
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Ocular Neoplasia
• The rules are similar to other organs• There are many exceptions
• Iris and ciliary epithelium (neuroectoderm) share some but not all features of epithelial (ectoderm) cells
• Lens epithelium takes on a mesenchymal phenotype
• Melanocytic neoplasia does not neatly fit in any category
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Ocular Neoplasia
Miller PE and Dubielzig RR. Ocular Tumors. In: Withrow and MacEwen: Small Animal Clinical Oncology. p598, 2013
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Ocular Neoplasia
Dubielzig RR. Tumors of the Eye. In: Meuten D: Tumors in Domestic Animals. 5th edition. p902, 2017.
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Ocular Neoplasia
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Immunohistochemistry
• Polyclonal and monoclonal
• Fixation
• Antigen retrieval
• Indirect method
• Detection
• Ramos‐Vara JA. Vet Path 2005; Ramos‐Vara JA et al. Vet Path 2014; Labelle P et al. Vet Path 2012
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Immunohistochemistry
3,3′diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (DAB)
3‐Amino‐9‐ethylcarbazole (AEC)
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Immunohistochemistry
• Read as positive vs negative
– Not every neoplastic cell will be positive
• Read as percentage or absolute number of cells
• Distribution
• Localization
• Intensity
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ImmunohistochemistryMNF116 Factor VIII
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Immunohistochemistry
Lymphoma CD3CD79a Neg
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Immunohistochemistry
Factor VIII
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ImmunohistochemistryMelanoma Dx panel CD3 CD204
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Immunohistochemistry
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Immunohistochemistry
CD79a
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CD3
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Immunohistochemistry
Ki‐67
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Immunohistochemistry
• Common antibodies• Cytokeratin• Vimentin• Melanocytic markers (melan‐A, PNL‐2, TRP1‐2) • Muscle markers (smooth muscle actin, actin, desmin)
• Neuro/neuroendocrine markers (S100, NSE, GFAP, SYN, PGP9.5)
• Round/leukocytic markers (CD45, CD18, CD3, CD20/CD79a/Pax5, CD204, CD117)
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Table 2. Previously Reported Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry of Primary Ocular Neoplasms in Dogs.
P. Labelle et al. Vet Pathol 2011;49:860-869
Copyright © by American College of Veterinary Pathologists
Immunohistochemistry
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Immunohistochemistry
• Cytokeratin
• Intermediate filament
• Normal eye: Corneal epithelium, RPE
• Neoplasms: SCC, some iridociliary neoplasms, metastatic CA
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Immunohistochemistry
• Vimentin
• Intermediate filament
• Normal eye: almost everything
• Neoplasms: melanocytic, iridociliary, astrocytoma, meningioma, metastatic sarcomas, lymphoma, histiocytic sarcoma
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Immunohistochemistry
• Melanocytic markers (melan‐A, PNL‐2, TRP‐1, TRP‐2)
• Targets in melanogenesis
• Normal eye: melanocytes, corneal endothelium, neuroepithelium, tapetum, meninges
• Case report of Adenocarcinoma of the ciliary body positive for Melan‐A in a human (Sukeda A et al. BMJ case rep 2014)
• Neoplasms: Melanocytic, iridociliary?, metastatic?
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Immunohistochemistry
• Muscle markers (Smooth muscle actin, actin, desmin)
• Intermediate (desmin) or microfilaments
• Normal eye: constrictor, dilator, ciliary muscles; choroidal stromal cells, lens epithelium, neuroepithelium, others
• Neoplasms: leiomyoma/sarcoma, iridociliary, others?
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Immunohistochemistry
• Neuron/neuroendocrine markers (S100, NSE, GFAP, SYN, PGP9.5)
• Normal eye: Neuroepithelium, retina, uvealstromal cells, muscles, lens epithelium
• Neoplasms: Iridociliary, astrocytoma, melanocytic
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Immunohistochemistry
• Round/leukocytic markers (CD45, CD18, CD3, CD20/CD79a/Pax5, CD204, CD117)
• Cluster of differentiation• Normal eye: Leukocytes• CD45 panleukocytic, CD18 panleukocytic• CD3 T‐cell, CD20/CD79a/Pax5 B‐cell• CD204 histiocytic (interstitial)• CD117 (mast cell and other cells including
melanocytes)
• Neoplasms: Lymphoma, histiocytic, etc
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Immunohistochemistry
• Melanocytic
• Vim
• +/‐ CK
• +/‐ Melan‐A/PNL‐2/TRP1‐2
• Neuro
• Iridociliary
• Vim
• +/‐ CK
• +/‐ Melan‐A/PNL‐2/TRP1‐2?
• Neuro
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Immunohistochemistry
• Melanocytic
• Vim
• +/‐ Melan‐A/PNL‐2/TRP1‐2
• Neuro
• Lymphoma
• Vim
• CD45 +/‐ CD18
• CD3 or CD20/CD79a/pax5
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Immunohistochemistry
• Lymphoma
• Vim
• CD18
• CD3 or CD20/CD79a/pax5
• Round cell Post‐traumatic sarcoma
• +/‐ Vim
• CD18?
• CD3 AND/orCD20/CD79a/pax5
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Immunohistochemistry
Immunostain Melanocytic Iridociliary Lymphoma Histiocytic
sarcoma
Metastatic
Carcinoma
Metastatic
Sarcoma
Schwannoma Astrocytoma Meningioma
Cytokeratin +/‐ +/‐ X +/‐
Vimentin X X X X +/‐ X X X X
Melanocytic +/‐ +/‐ +/‐ ?
Muscle +/‐ +/‐
Neuro
markers
X X +/‐ +/‐ X X X
CD45/CD18 X X
CD3 X
CD20 X
CD204 X
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Immunohistochemistry
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Immunohistochemistry
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Immunohistochemistry
CD204