Introduction to Natural Resources
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Transcript of Introduction to Natural Resources
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Introduction to Natural Resources
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What is a natural resource?
Definition:
A natural resource is a material found within the natural environment that can be put to use by humans.
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Renewable or Non-Renewable?
Renewable:•A resource that can be replenished/replaced naturally only if it can be replaced faster than it is consumed (can be mismanaged by humans)
Non-Renewable:•form slowly or do not naturally re-form in the environment. Once used, these cannot be replaced
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Canadian Natural Resources
Minerals
Forestry
Fish
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Value $ millions
Gold $5,560Iron Ore $5,318.9Copper $4,478.2Nickel $3,418.0Uranium $1,040Zinc $1,181Potash $6,981.4Diamonds $2,005.2Cement $1,702.5Coal $6,389.0
Canada’s Leading Minerals 2012
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Gold
Uses• Jewellery • Conducts electricity (cables and computer
components)• Store of wealth
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How many gold mines are there in Canada?
• Ontario and Quebec account for 82% of Canada’s gold production
Gold is a NON-RENEWABLE resource
• Why?
33
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Potash• Canada is world’s largest potash exporter (43% of world trade) • 95% of the world’s potash consumption is for fertilizers
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World Potash Production
Potash is produced in only 12 countries because high-quality, economically mineable deposits are geographically concentrated.
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35 % of global capacity of potash is found in Saskatchewan
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Rick Mercer videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qA64vYy9ZK0
Potash is a NON-RENEWABLE resource
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Coal
• Coal is used to produce energy in Canada and around the world
• The majority of Canada’s coal mines are in British Columbia and Alberta
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Westar Open Pit Coal Mine. Sparwood, British Columbia, Canada, 1985Edward Burtiynsky
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Mountains of coal in China – Edward Burtynsky
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Forestry
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Forestry
• Canada has the second largest continuous forested area on earth, after Russia.
• Forests covers 50% the nation's land mass and constituting 10% of the globe's forest cover.
• World's largest exporter of wood pulp, paper, sawn wood and wood-based panels.
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Forests in North America
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Forest ResourcesHardwood/Softwood Wood used for construction
Wood pulp for paper
Most forestry in Ontario and British Columbia
Forest resources are RENEWABLE
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Clear-CuttingAn entire stand of trees is harvested from an area at one time. Method used the mostCan be implemented in blocks or patches
PROS• Fastest• Cheapest • Efficient future loggingCONS• Unattractive• Loss habitat• Exposed soil• Not good for tree species that require shade
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Shelterwood Logging
• Used when the species to be regenerated require some protection from direct sunlight to become established
• Less direct visual impact until the final harvest
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Single Tree Selection
Used to maintain uneven-aged stands (where the trees are all different ages) and where shade is needed.
• Forest regenerates naturally• Less footprint – minimize roads• Costly due to extra time
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FishingUses:80% of catch is sold to other
countries
Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and British Columbia have the largest fishing industries
Renewable, BUT: Overfishing in Newfoundland
shut down the Cod industry
48 lbs. Ling Cod Winter Harbour. B.C.
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Trawling
• One of the most common methods of fishing in the world.
• It involves towing one or more trawl nets behind a boat or in between two boats.
• Nets differ by their mesh size.
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Dredging
• Towed dredges are used to collect shellfish such as scallops from the sea floor.
• The dredge is towed along the bottom until it is full, then lifted onto the boat and the contents tipped out.
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Discussion Questions
• Canada makes a lot of money extracting and selling non-renewable resources (like coal, potash and gold).– Should Canada continue to mine and sell these
resources even though they will eventually run out?