Introduction to Migration

Causes of Migration

1. Economic Causes

(push/pull factors)

2. Political Causes

(push factors)

3. Social Causes

(pull factors)

Economic Migration(resource-driven; push/pull) Migration in search of better economic

conditions, employment, etc. Migration to escape overpopulation and its

effects Migration to escape poor climate conditions

such as drought, el Niño, etc. Migration to escape natural disasters

Political Migration(push factors)

Migration to escape war, invasion, military takeover, etc.

Migration to escape persecution on ethnic, political, religious or other grounds

Migration to escape prosecution for crimes committed

Political Migration (2)(push factors) Migration as punishment for crimes

committed Migration as a result of enslavement Forced migration, with or without political

agreement

Social Migration (Pull factors) Migration to spread a religion Migration to reunite with family, friends,

etc. who have previously migrated Migration to spread a political philosophy,

such as Marxism, democracy, etc. Migration to find personal freedom, to live

a certain lifestyle, or to hold certain beliefs, not necessary as the result of persecution

Effects of Migration

1. Effects on the immigrants

2. Effects on the host country

3. Effects on the home country

4. Multi-national issues

Effects on Immigrants Issues of identity Issues of adaptation/assimilation Differing cultural values between

generations

Effects on the host country Economic impact Welfare issues Social attitudes

Effects on the home country Remittances Loss of revenue Families left behind “Brain drain”

Multi-National Issues “Open border” policies Immigration policies Security issues Human trafficking / slavery