Introduction to Megiddo - TAU · 2010. 6. 23. · 609 BCE –Death in Megiddo of Josiah King of...
Transcript of Introduction to Megiddo - TAU · 2010. 6. 23. · 609 BCE –Death in Megiddo of Josiah King of...
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Introduction to Megiddo:
Megiddo Past
David Ussishkin
Megiddo – 2010
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● Spring
Spring ●
← Lower Mound
←Upper Mound
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Megiddo from the east, 1925
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Schumacher’s Excavation
1903-1905
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The Megiddo Centennial – 1 April 2003
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Schumacher’s
excavation plan
and section
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Photographed from east, 1917
← city-gate?
← Lower
Mound
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Space Museum, Washington, DC
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The Chicago Oriental Institute Expedition,
1925-1938
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The Chicago expedition house on the Lower Mound
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The Chicago excavation plan – 1925-1938
← The Water
System
← City-gates
← Area BBSchumacher’s →
trench
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← The Chicago photographic balloon
← Area BB
← Water system
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The Yigael Yadin expedition: 1 January 1960
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Pope Paul VI visits Megiddo,
1966
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Main FindsDates BCEPeriodStratum
XX Neolithic- 8000-3300 Settlement
Chalcolithic
XIX-XV Early Bronze 3300-2200 Large city; temples
XIV-XIII Intermediate 2200-2000 Small settlement
Bronze
XII-X Middle Bronze 2000-1550 City on upper and
Lower Mounds
IX-VII Late Bronze 1550-1130 Canaanite city-state;
I-III palace; gate, temple
1130 – Destruction of Megiddo by the “Sea Peoples”(?) and
end of Egyptian hegemony
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←Water system
← City-gates area← Temples
↓ Dump
Area BB →
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Stratum XVIII: The ‘city-wall’ in Area BB
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Stratum XV: The altar and the three ‘Megaron’ temples
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The Middle Bronze Age:
Massive fortifications
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Stratum VIIA:
The ruler’s palace
And the city-gate
‘Treasury’ ↓
City-gate ↑
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Strata VIII-VII: The city-gate
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Stratum VII:
The ruler’s palace
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R
The ‘Treasury’ of the →
Stratum VIIA palace
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Canaanite ivory
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North-Syrian and
Mycenaean ivories
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El-Amarna archive:
Letters of Biridiya ruler of Megiddo
The ‘Gilgamesh Epic’ tablet
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Canaanite gold deity
found in the temple
The Canaanite ‘Tower Temple’
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Statue base of Ramesses VI
(1141-1133 BCE)
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Main FindsDate BCEPeriodStratum
VI Iron I 1100-950 Large city
925 BCE – Pharaoh Shishak’s campaign
VB Iron IIA 950-900 Israelite settlement
VA-IVB Iron IIA 900-800 Administrative city;
palaces
IVA Iron IIB 800-730 Fortified city; stables
730 BCE – Assyrian conquest
III Iron IIC 730-600 Assyrian city
609 BCE – Death in Megiddo of Josiah King of Judah
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Stele of Shoshenq I (Shishak) (ca. 925 BCE)
← Existing
fragment
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Stratum VA-IVB
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Stratum VA-IVB:
The southern palace
(No. 1723) and its
enclosure
↑ The gate
The gate →
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The southern palace
(No. 1723)
Suggested
↓ reconstruction
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The eastern palace
(No. 338)↑ 1903: Schumacher’s dig
2003: Hundred years later→
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The northern palace
(No. 6000)
Yigael Yadin’s excavation
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Stratum VA-IVB:
Shrine 2081
Shrine →
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Stratum IVA: Fortified city with stables
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Stratum IVA:
The city-gate
(The ‘Solomonic’ gate)
Inner gate →
courtyardOuter
gate →
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↑ The city-wall
Views of the ‘Solomonic’
City-gate
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Stratum IVA: The northern stable compound
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A stable
Huge silo for keeping chaff,
The food for the horses
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Stratum IVA: The water system
↑ Horizontal tunnel
← Vertical
shaftSpring →
Spring →
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The seal of ‘Shema
Servant of Jeroboam’
The seal of ‘Asaph’
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Stratum III: The Assyrian city
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Stratum III:
The Assyrian
palaces