Introduction to Medical Imaging From a presentation by Jeff Benseler, D.O.
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Transcript of Introduction to Medical Imaging From a presentation by Jeff Benseler, D.O.
![Page 1: Introduction to Medical Imaging From a presentation by Jeff Benseler, D.O.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649ec45503460f94bce0e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Medical Introduction to Medical ImagingImaging
From a presentation by From a presentation by
Jeff Benseler, D.O.Jeff Benseler, D.O.
![Page 2: Introduction to Medical Imaging From a presentation by Jeff Benseler, D.O.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649ec45503460f94bce0e5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ObjectivesObjectives
How do x-rays create an image of How do x-rays create an image of internal body structures?internal body structures?
What are the 5 basic radiographic What are the 5 basic radiographic densities?densities?
Try your hand at interpreting several Try your hand at interpreting several medical imaging cases.medical imaging cases.
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List of diagnostic List of diagnostic imaging studiesimaging studies
Plain x-raysPlain x-rays CT scanCT scan MRIMRI Nuclear imaging/PETNuclear imaging/PET UltrasoundUltrasound MammographyMammography AngiographyAngiography FluoroscopyFluoroscopy
Which of these modalities useionizing radiation?
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What are x-rays?
No mass No mass No charge No charge Energy Energy
What is yourdiagnosis?
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Basic x-ray physicsBasic x-ray physics
X-rays: a form of electromagnetic energyX-rays: a form of electromagnetic energy Travel at the speed of lightTravel at the speed of light Electromagnetic spectrumElectromagnetic spectrum
Gamma RaysGamma Rays X-raysX-rays Visible lightVisible light Infrared lightInfrared light MicrowavesMicrowaves RadarRadar Radio wavesRadio waves
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Three things can happenThree things can happen
X-rays can:X-rays can: PassPass all the way all the way throughthrough the body the body Be deflected or Be deflected or scatteredscattered Be Be absorbedabsorbed
Where on this imagehave x-rays passedthrough the bodyto the greatest degree?
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X-rays Passing Through X-rays Passing Through TissueTissue
Depends on the energy of the x-ray Depends on the energy of the x-ray and the atomic number of the tissueand the atomic number of the tissue
Higher energy x-ray - more likely to Higher energy x-ray - more likely to pass throughpass through
Higher atomic number - more likely Higher atomic number - more likely to absorb the x-rayto absorb the x-ray
Diagnosis?
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How do x-rays passing How do x-rays passing through the body create an through the body create an
image?image? X-rays that pass through the body to X-rays that pass through the body to
the film render the film dark (black)the film render the film dark (black) X-rays that are totally blocked do not X-rays that are totally blocked do not
reach the film and render the film reach the film and render the film light (white)light (white)
Air = low atomic # = x-rays get Air = low atomic # = x-rays get through = image is darkthrough = image is dark
Metal = high atomic # = x-rays Metal = high atomic # = x-rays blocked = image is light (white)blocked = image is light (white)
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5 Basic Radiographic 5 Basic Radiographic DensitiesDensities
AirAir FatFat Soft tissue/fluidSoft tissue/fluid MineralMineral MetalMetal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name these radiographic densities.
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History: “I think my dog swallowed a rock”
Diagnosis: “Yes, he did.”
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Diagnosis?
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Can you recognizeshapes and density?
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Find the pathologyWhat clues do you have?
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Medical ImagingMedical Imaging
Primary purpose is to identify pathologic Primary purpose is to identify pathologic conditions.conditions.
Requires recognition of normal anatomy.Requires recognition of normal anatomy.
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History: 11 y/o twistinginjury of the foot
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Proximal
Distal
1.
2.
3.
Word bank: epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis, cortex, medullary cavity
Naming the parts of a long bone
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Summary: Summary: How do x-rays create an How do x-rays create an image of internal body structures?image of internal body structures?
X-rays pass through the body to X-rays pass through the body to varying degreesvarying degrees
Higher atomic number structures Higher atomic number structures block x-rays better, example bone.block x-rays better, example bone.
Lower atomic number structures Lower atomic number structures allow x-rays to pass through, allow x-rays to pass through, example: air in the lungs.example: air in the lungs.Question: If x-rays were blocked to the same degree by all bodystructures, could we see the internal parts of the body?
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What are the 5 basic What are the 5 basic radiographic densities from radiographic densities from
black to bright white?black to bright white? AirAir FatFat Soft tissue/fluidSoft tissue/fluid Bone/mineralBone/mineral MetalMetal
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What densityare the lungs?
Why?
The list: air, fat, soft tissue, mineral and metal
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CT scan of the abdomenX-rays used skin
What density is this?
air
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Di
Diagnosis?
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Radiographic AnalysisRadiographic Analysis
Any structure, normal or pathologic, Any structure, normal or pathologic, should be analyzed for:should be analyzed for:
1.1. SizeSize
2.2. Shape and contourShape and contour
3.3. PositionPosition
4.4. Density (You must know the 5 basic Density (You must know the 5 basic densities)densities)
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The anatomical positionThe anatomical position
right left
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What densityis this?
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Summary questionsSummary questions
What 3 things when an x-ray What 3 things when an x-ray encounters the body?encounters the body?
How is it possible to see the heart on How is it possible to see the heart on an x-ray?an x-ray?
What are the 5 basic radiographic What are the 5 basic radiographic densities?densities?
What three things can you do to What three things can you do to protect yourself from radiation?protect yourself from radiation?