Introduction to Maxillo Facial Surgery

8/3/2019 Introduction to Maxillo Facial Surgery

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ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY-

An introduction


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Oral and maxillofacial surgery is that

branch and specialty of dentistrywhich is concerned with and includesthe diagnosis, surgical and adjunctivetreatment of disorders, diseases,injuries and defects, involving the

functional and aesthetic aspects ofthe hard and soft tissues of the oraland maxillofacial regions and relatedstructures.


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An oral and maxillofacial surgeon is a regional

specialist surgeon treating the entire cranio-maxillofacialcomplex: anatomical area of the mouth, jaws, face, skull as

well as associated structures.


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Maxillofacial surgeons are usually initially qualified in dentistry and have undergonefurther surgical training.

Oral & maxillofacial surgery is universally recognized as a one of the nine specialties of

dentistry.

However in the UK and many other countries OMFS is a medical specialty requiringboth medical and dental degrees, culminating in the FRCS (Fellowship of theRoyalCollege ofSurgeons).

Oral surgery as a specialty is defined in Europe as a dental specialty. It requires 3 yearsof further university training after a formal qualification in dentistry.

The Directive 2001/19/EC also distinguishes OralSurgery from other evidence of formalqualifications in specializedMedicine, such as oral and maxillofacial surgery

, whichrequires both medical and dental training in the European Union.

Regardless, all oral & maxillofacial surgeons must obtain a degree in dentistry

(BDS

,B

Dent, DDS, or DMD or equivalent) before being allowed to begin residency training inoral and maxillofacial surgery.


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Diagnosis, treatment planning andcomprehensive management ofthe pathologies and deformities inthe oro-facial region.

Acquire adequate knowledge of

anomalies, lesions and diseasesaffecting oro-facial region and theimportance of etiology andpathogenesis of oral disease.

To master the skills of major and

minor surgeries.


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Head and neck oncology -

microvascular reconstruction

Cosmetic facial surgery


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Craniofacialsurgery/Pediatric

Maxillofacial surgery/CleftSurgery

Cranio-maxillofacialtrauma


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Head and neckreconstruction (plastic

surgery of the head andneck region)

Maxillofacial

regeneration(reformation ofthe facial region byadvanced stem cell

technique)


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Treatments that may be performed on the craniomaxillofacial

complex:(mouth, jaws, neck, face, skull) include: Dentoalveolar surgery (surgery to remove impacted teeth,

difficult tooth extractions, extractions on medically compromisedpatients, bone grafting or pre-prosthetic surgery to provide betteranatomy for the placement of implants, dentures, or other dentalprostheses)

Diagnosis and treatment of benign pathology (cysts, tumors etc.)

Diagnosis and treatment (ablative and reconstructive

surgery, microsurgery) of malignant pathology (oral & head and neckcancer).


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Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous malignancy (skin cancer), lipreconstruction

Diagnosis and treatment of congenital craniofacial malformations suchas cleft lip and palate and cranial vault malformations suchas craniosynostosis, (craniofacial surgery)

Diagnosis and treatment of chronic facial pain disorders

Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders

Diagnosis and treatment of dysgnathia (incorrect bite), and orthognathic(literally "straight bite") reconstructive surgery, orthognathicsurgery, maxillomandibular advancement, surgical correction of facialasymmetry.

Diagnosis and treatment of soft and hard tissue trauma of the oral andmaxillofacial region (jaw fractures, cheek bonefractures, nasal fractures, LeFort fracture, skull fractures and eye socketfractures).


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Splint and surgical treatment of sleep apnea, maxillomandibularadvancement, genioplasty (in conjunction with sleep labs or physicians)

Surgery to insert osseointegrated (bone fused) dental implants andMaxillofacial implants for attaching craniofacial prostheses and boneanchored hearing aids.

Cosmetic surgery limited to the head and neck:

(rhytidectomy/facelift, browlift, blepharoplasty/Asianblepharoplasty, otoplasty, rhinoplasty, septoplasty, cheekaugmentation, chin augmentation, genioplasty, oculoplastics, neckliposuction, lip enhancement, injectable cosmetic treatments,botox, chemical peel etc.)


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Early History of Dentistry:

Begins from 500 BC to 300 BC according to TheAmerican DentalAssociation's history of dentistry.

During this time, Hippocrates andAristotle wrote about various dentaltopics including treating decayed teeth, gum disease, extracting teethand the use of wire to support loose teeth and fractured jaws.

In 1210,AGuild ofBarbers was created in France. These barbers split intotwo groups; surgeons for more complex operations, and surgeonswho carried out simpler procedures.

In 1575Ambrose Pare (the Father ofSurgery) publishedComplete Works.This book contains information on tooth extraction, treatments oftooth decay and jaw fractures.

In 1728, the oral surgeon Pierre Fauchard wrote a treatise called "TheSurgeon Dentist." His book included basic anatomy of the mouth, aswell as surgery techniques


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The history of oral and maxillofacial surgery originates with theCivil War.During this time revolutionary advancements were made in the treatmentof facial fractures for the Union andConfederacy.

In the early 20th century, oral and maxillofacial surgeons were pioneeringcleft palate and other facial reconstructive surgery. Their innovationscontinued through the 1920s, when they pioneered many of theprocedures that serve as the foundation for cosmetic surgery today.

As the 20th century progressed, OMSs developed many current traumatechniques through their experiences with the dire injuries of soldiers inWorld War II, Korea, Viet Nam and the Gulf War.

Early on aSociety was established to create structure, guidance and

recognition for the oral surgery specialty. In the 1920s theSociety ofExodontists was established. In 1944, the Society changed its name to theAmericanSociety of Oral Surgeons, and in 1979 it became theAmericanAssociation of Oral andMaxillofacialSurgeons (AAOMS).


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1.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Foundation website9700 W. Bryn MawrAvenueRosemont, IL 60018Phone: 847-233-4304 or 866-278-9221Fax: 847-678-6254

2.

AmericanAssociation of Oral andMaxillofacial Surgeons Website

American DentalAssociation Timeline

3.

"Baylor College of Dentistry: OMSResidencyAdmission Requirements" Archived from theoriginal onMay 8, 2008. Retrieved 2 July 2009.

4.

Lengel B, Testelin S,Cremades S, Devauchelle B(September 2007). "Facing up is an act

of dignity: lessons in elegance addressed to the polemicists of the first human facetransplant". Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 120 (3): 8036. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000271097.22789.79. PMID 17700135. Retrieved 2008-05-16.

5.

"My face transplant saved me. BBC News. 17 October 2006. Retrieved 20May 2010.

Introduction to Maxillo Facial Surgery

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