Introduction to LTE/EPC (EPS) Network with Comparison with GPRS Core Network
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Transcript of Introduction to LTE/EPC (EPS) Network with Comparison with GPRS Core Network
Mustafa Golam
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 1
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 2
Air Interface capacity Modulation scheme (FM, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)
Multiple Access Technology
Air Interface Bandwidth (Frequency in kHz, MHz,)
Node Capacity Number of simultaneously users
Power support
Transport Network/Transmission TDM/ATM/ETHERNET
Throughput
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1G FDMA (NMT, ect) Analog, CS only
2G TDMA (GSM, ect) Voice, SMS, CS data transfer
2.5G TDMA (GPRS) CS,PS data~ 50kbps
2.75G TDMA (EGPRS+EDGE) CS, PS data ~150-384 kbps
3-3.5G WCDMA (UMTS) CS, PS ~14.4-42 Mbps
3.9G OFDMA (LTA/SAE=>EPS) PS ~ 100 Mbps
4G IMT Advanced PS ~350 Mbps
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Standard Year Multiple
Access
Modulation Bandwidth
NMT-450 1981 FDMA FM 25 kHz
NMT-900 1986 FDMA FM 12.5 kHz
ETACS 1985 FDMA FM 25 kHz
AMPS 1983 FDMA FM 30 kHz
JTACS 1988 FDMA FM 25 kHz
NTT 1979 FDMA FM 12.5 kHz
Standard Year Multiple
Access
Modulation Bandwidth
PCS (CDMAOne) 1993 CDMA QPSK/
BPSK
1.25 MHz
GSM 1990 TDMA GMSK 200 kHz
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Need an “all IP” system with more efficiency, more capacity and higher speeds 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 9
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Source: OVUM, Strategy Analytics & Internal Ericsson
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012
Su
bsc
rip
tio
ns
(Mil
lio
ns)
Mobile Broadband
Fixed Broadband
2011
Mobile broadband growth: Broadband becomes personal 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 11
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LTE is the Global standard for Next Generation – FDD and TDD 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 16
Freely downloadable from:
http://ftp.3gpp.org/specs/html-info/36-series.htm
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
HSPA R6 2004
HSPA R7 2007
HSPA R8 2008
LTE 2x2, 5+5 MHz
2008
Pea
k D
ata
Rat
es [
Mb
ps]
Downlink
Uplink
HSPA Evolution provides similar performance as LTE in 5MHz 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 18
LTE 4x4, 20+20 MHz
2008
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Pea
k D
ata
Rat
es [
Mb
ps]
Downlink
Uplink
LTE 2x2, 5+5 MHz
2008
LTE 2x2, 20+20 MHz
2008
> 5 MHz trunking gain gives improved LTE performance 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 19
Base station located at x. L1 Throughput Max: 154 Mbps Mean: 78 Mbps Min: 16 Mbps UE Speed Max: 45 km/h Mean: 16 km/h Min: 0 km/h Sub-urban area with Line-of-sight: less than 40% of the samples Heights of surrounding buildings: 15-25 m
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Cdma2000 EvDO Rev A 3.1Mbps DL, 1.8Mbps UL EvDO Rev B 4.9Mbps (64QAM)
Multicarrier 14.7Mbps in 5MHz with MIMO 29Mbps!
HSPA 14Mbps DL and 5.8Mbps UL Evolved HSPA
With MIMO 28Mbps DL With 64QAM 21Mbps DL Combined 42Mbps DL, 11Mbps UL (16QAM)
DL UL
LTE 1.4 9.2Mbps 2.2Mbps
LTE 3 25Mbps 7.1Mbps
LTE 5 42.2Mbps 12.2Mbps
LTE 10 85.4Mbps 27.3Mbps
LTE will provide high data rate user experience
Release99 (DCH Channels) 384 kbps Introduce HSDSCH (HSDPA channel)
Access technology CDMA Air interface bandwidth 5Mhz Modulation Schemes
QPSK/16QAM/64QAM First higher data rates
2005 (P4) QPSK, 5 codes, HSDSCH => 2Mbps 16QAM, 5 codes HSDSCH => 3.6Mbps Follow the race
P5 =>7.2 Mbps and 14.4 Mbps 10 codes or 15 codes with 16QAM
P7 => 21 Mbps using 64 QAM
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14
21/28 42
84
Rel-7: 15 codes, 64QAM, MIMO+16QAM
Rel-8: Multi Carrier, 64QAM+MIMO
Rel-9 :Multi Carrier + MIMO
Rel-6: 16QAM, 14 Mbps DL Peak rates in Mbps
168 4 Carrier- Multi Carrier
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Second carrier
First carrier
Physical layer (L1) peak rate: 42.2 Mbps
One receiver with 10 MHz bandwidth combines traffic from two carriers
Adjacent 5 MHz carriers
Benefits:
– Up to 42 Mbps peak rate
– Higher bit rates in whole cell
– Higher capacity
42 Mbps
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What is Different in LTE?
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LTE stands for Long Term Evolution which is introduced by 3GPP to define a new high-speed radio access method for mobile communications systems.
LTE offers a smooth evolutionary path from other cellular systems.
GSM EDGE WCDMA HSPA LTE
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GSM LTE
EDGE LTE
WCDMA LTE
LTE Non 3GPP Technologies
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High data rates Downlink > 100Mbps Uplink > 50Mbps Cell edge data rates 2-3 X HSPA Rel6 (2006)
Low Delay/latency User Plane RTT < 10ms RAN RTT (fewer nodes, shorter TTI) Channel set up < 100ms from IDLE to Active (fewer nodes, shorter
messages, quicker node response
High spectral efficiency Initially 3X HSPA release6
Spectrum flexibility Operation in wide range of spectrum (New, existing) 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 Mhz (flexibility) FDD or TDD mode form start
All over IP (end to end)
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Cost affective and simple (CAPEX/OPEX) Less signaling Auto configuration E-NodeB Self optimization Fewer Nodes (low latency, reduced RTT) Easy migration from GSM/WCDMA Less signaling One domain, IP domain (No separate CS
domain) Flattening architecture (common Packet Core) Possibility of Reuse/share equipment Focus on services from PS domain
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Packet Data Gateway (P-GW)
Serving Gateway (S-GW)
Mobility Management Entity (MME)
e-UTRAN (eNodeB)
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S-GW and P-GW functions: Implemented on common node
Called SAE-Gateway
Realized with Red-back Smart-Edge 1200 router in Ericsson Solution
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Charging, Packet filtering (QoS), PCEF (QoS)
IP PoP
EPS Bearer Handling
Not seen by terminal
Mobility anchoring
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Packet filtering (QoS)
Termination of U-plane packets for paging reasons
Switching of U-plane for support of UE mobility
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MME functions are added in the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN-MME 2009B release).
Handles security Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA)
Idle state mobility handling
EPS Bearer control/management (QoS)
UE attach/detach handling (registration ect)
IRAT handover
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All ready existing MBPN solution can be utilized
Zain well positioned for this convergence (Using Juniper routers switches in MPBN)
MPLS nodes in the 2G/3G access (LTE can share)
Different aggregation levels are to expect
L2 equipment or L3 equipment or combination of it can be used
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Terminates all user plane functions seen by the terminal (including security)
Radio Resource Management Radio Bearer Control
Radio Admission Control
Connection Mobility Control
UL/DL scheduling
IP header compression and encryption of user data streams
Measurement and measurement reporting
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LTE RADIO Interface
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Flexible bandwidth <5 MHz bandwidths up to 20 MHz
• Uplink: SC-FDMA with dynamic bandwidth
– Higher power efficiency, reduced interference
• Downlink: Adaptive OFDMA
– Adaptation in time and frequency domain
• Multi-Antennas, both RBS and terminal
– MIMO, beamforming, TX and RX diversity
• Both FDD and TDD supported
• Adaptive complex modulation
– DL = QPSK,16QAM, 64QAM
– UL= QPSK, 16QAM
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From 1.4 up to 20 MHz spectrum allocations
Compare WCDMA 5MHz
Support both FDD and TDD modes
Supports use of MIMO multiple antenna configurations
OFDM in DL
SC-FDMA in UL
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Frequency
…
The available Bandwidth is divided into 15 KHz Sub-carriers. After data is mapped to these carriers, they are multiplexed and Transmitted to the users.
One sub-carrier gives a low speed, but a number multiplexed together will give a higher speed. Users are assigned sub-carriers in groups of twelve
15kHz
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LTE radio access Downlink: OFDMA Uplink: SC-FDMA
Advanced antenna solutions Diversity Multi-layer transmission (MIMO) Beam-forming
Spectrum flexibility Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD
SC-FDMA
OFDMA
20 MHz 1.4 MHz
TX TX
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Downlink: Multi-layered OFDM Channel-dependent scheduling and link adaptation in time and frequency
domain
Uplink: Single Carrier-FDMA Higher uplink system throughput
Improved coverage and cell-edge performance
Lower terminal cost and improved battery life
Downlink Uplink
frequency frequency
User 1 User 2 User 3
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12 subcarriers * 15KHz = 180 KHz
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Orthogonal: all subcarriers zero at sampling point (an integer number of cycles for one symbol for all subcarriers)
Subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz (7.5 kHz for MBMS)
Implemented in practice using the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
FDM OFDM
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Resistance to the damaging effects of multipath delay spread Robust against ISI
Scalable system bandwidth
Adopts easy to frequency and phase distortions in the received signal Reference signals are used for
the correction (coherent detection)
Ability to easily manipulate phase and frequency makes it suitable for MIMO or beamforming
Easy to implement
data1
data2
data3
data4
User #1 scheduled
User #2 scheduled
Time-frequency fading, user #1
Time-frequency fading, user #2
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The consequence of multi-path propagation is the time dispersion Time-adjacent symbols start to
overlap and generate inter-symbol-interference (ISI)
Symbol is prolonged by adding a guard time between the symbols Adding an “empty” guard time
destroys the orthogonality and introduces inter-carrier interference (ICI)
To maintain the orthogonality the prefix is made cyclic
Prefix time must be longer than the longest excess delay
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Normal CP is 5.21/4.69 μs Provides for a time delay caused by
multi-path of up to 1.4 km Adequate for most coverage scenarios
Extended CP of 16.67 μs Covering an excess delay of up to 5 km Use of extended CP provides 6 symbols
per slot
It is possible on the downlink to combine the extended CP with half inter-carrier distance (7.5 kHz) to increase the robustness against long delays
Multi-path channel measurements on 900 MHz and 1.7 GHz showed that for urban areas the delay spread (DS) in 90 % of the cases were below 0.7 μs
For different rural environments, the DS values could be between 5 and 20 μs in 90 % of the cases These kinds of environments are more
challenging
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High PAPR Sensitive to Doppler and
frequency errors
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20 MHz, PB3, 2x2 MIMO
Network design that maximizes both coverage and SINR is required
› Highest order modulation is chosen based on radio channel conditions (SINR)
› Different order modulations allow for sending more bits per symbol
› System can flex to the actual fading conditions
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Maximum symbol rate = 14 * NRB * 12 Maximum bit rate = Maximum symbol rate * bits/symbol * coding rate * MIMO gain
Maximum channel rate (Mbps) for SISO
› 14 OFDM symbols per 2 slots (1ms sub frame) per subcarrier
› 12 subcarriers per resource block
Channel banwidth (Mhz) 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
Transmission bandwith configuration NRB 6 15 25 50 75 100
QPSK 1/2 1.008 2.52 4.2 8.4 12.6 16.8
QPSK 1 2.016 5.04 8.4 16.8 25.2 33.6
16 QAM 1/2 2.016 5.04 8.4 16.8 25.2 33.6
16 QAM 1 4.032 10.08 16.8 33.6 50.4 67.2
64 QAM 1/2 3.024 7.56 12.6 25.2 37.8 50.4
64 QAM 1 6.048 15.12 25.2 50.4 75.6 100.82/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 66
Throughput vs. Relative Distance to Cell Border
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Relative Distance to Cell Border
Th
rou
gh
pu
t [k
bp
s]
5 MHz
10 MHz
15 MHz
20 MHz
RLC, HARQ, TCP, Application overheads etc.
Interference and cell loadings are key factors
Good cell plan is very important
“average” user experience region
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Single-carrier FDMA
Single-carrier
Improved power amplifier efficiency
Reduced terminal power consumption and cost and improved coverage
FDMA
Intra-cell orthogonality in time and frequency domain
Improved uplink coverage and capacity
High degree of commonality with LTE downlink access
Can be seen as pre-coded OFDMA
Same basic transmission parameters (frame length, subcarrier spacing, …)
OFDMA SC-FDMA
frequency frequency
User 1 User 2 User 3
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Single-carrier transmission in uplink enables low PAPR that gives more than
4 dB better link budget and reduced power consumption compared to OFDM
OR
Improved coverage ( > 60% improvement )
Higher data rates ( > 2.5 times improvement )
R Mbps
2.5xR Mbps
Reduced power consumption Longer battery life
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Multiplexing “Capacity multiplication”
Example
Transmit several signals in different directions
Diversity “Reduce fading”
Example
Transmit the signal in all directions
Directivity Antenna/Beamforming gain
Example
Transmit the signal in the best direction
Channel knowledge (average/instant)
› Different techniques make different assumptions on channel knowledge at RX and TX
› Many techniques can realize several benefits
› Realized benefit depends on channel and interference properties
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› Better data rate coverage
–Directivity and diversity improves link budget
› Potential for higher data rates
–Spatial domain provides extra dimension
–Spatial multiplexing in certain scenarios at high SINR
Higher Spectral efficiency! 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 72
Channel capacity: C log2(1+SNR) Low SNR regime: log2(1+SNR) SNR
Increase SNR => Transmit Diversity
High SNR regime: log2(1+SNR) log2(SNR)
Increasing SNR does not give higher rate => Increase number of transmitted layers (symbol streams) =
MIMO
Capacity (bps)
SNR NSNR
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Space-time Code (STC): Redundant data sent over time and space domains (antennas)
Capacity (max data rate):
c b a
Space
Time
Code
c b a
c’ b’ a’
MOD
MOD
Space
Time
Decoder
c b a
Data is not redundant – less diversity but less repetition Transmit rmax parallel symbol streams rmax = min(NR, NT)
Provides multiplexing gain to increase data rate
Capacity: C = BW * rmax * log2(1+(CINR/rmax))
f e d c b a
e c a
f d b
MOD
MOD
Space
Time
Decoder
f e d c b a
NR NT
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37
MIM
O G
ain
C/(I+N)
MIMO Gain vs. C/(I+N)
LTE provides spectrum flexibility for operation in differently sized spectrum
10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 1.4 MHz
› LTE supports paired and unpaired spectrum on the same HW platform
fDL
fUL
FDD
fDL/UL
TDD
Highest data rates for given bandwidth and peak power
Unpaired spectrum
Maximum commonality between FDD and TDD 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 76
FDD
Band ”Identifier” Frequencies (MHz)
1 IMT Core Band 1920-1980/2110-2170
2 PCS 1900 1850-1910/1930-1990
3 GSM 1800 1710-1785/1805-1880
4 AWS (US &
other)
1710-1755/2110-2155
5 850 824-849/869-894
6 850 (Japan) 830-840/875-885
7 IMT Extension 2500-2570/2620-2690
8 GSM 900 880-915/925-960
9 1700 (Japan) 1750-1785/1845-1880
10 3G Americas 1710-1770/2110-2170
11 UMTS1500 1428-1453/1476-1501
12,
13,
14
US 700 698-716/728-746
776-788/746-758
788-798/758-768
TDD
Band ”Identifier” Frequencies (MHz)
33,34 TDD 2000 1900-1920
2010-2025
35,36 TDD 1900 1850-1910
1930-1990
37 PCS
Center Gap
(1915)1910-1930
38 IMT Extension
Center Gap
2570-2620
39 China TDD 1880-1920
40 China TDD 2300-2400
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700MHz Band 13 (Upper C) 10MHz FDD Band 12 ( Lower 700)
C+B 5 & 10 MHz A+B 5 & 10MHz
New players Cdma2000 tier3 players
AWS A or B or F 10MHz C or D or E 5MHz
1900MHz, 850MHz 1.4MHz, 3MHz spectrum constraint 5,10MHz available spectrum
A B C
52
D E A B C
58 595453 5655 57
698
MHz 704 740734728722710
806
MHz
C
Lower 700 MHz
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67
752 782 788758
68 69
A
716 746 764
D C A DPublic
Safety
770 776 794 800
Public
Safety
Upper 700 MHz
B B
LTE provides solution for many spectrum scenarios 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 78
SC-FDMA Low peak to average power ratio
Cheaper power amplifier in the UE
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Mobility management for idle UEs
UE Authentication
EPS bearer management
Configuration and control security
Paging initiation for idle UEs
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Broadcast of system information
Establish, release and maintain calls
Mobility Inter-cell handover
IRAT
selection and reselection
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Header compression and decompression of IP data flows
Transfer of data
Integrity protection of control plane data
Maintenance of sequence numbers for Radio bearers
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Unacknowledged Mode (UM)
Acknowledged Mode (AM)
RLC transparent mode
Segmentation & Concatenation of RLC SDUs
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HARQ
Priority handling (scheduling)
Transport format selection
DRX control (Discontinuous reception) prolong the mobile's battery life
The mobile station listens only to the paging channels within its DRX group
network will only page the mobile in that group of paging channels
Intended to maintain continuous transmission
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Intra-LTE mobility
Inter-LTE mobility
ECM_CONNECTED mode mobility Inter RAT HO (to 3G/2G)
Inter MME (pool) HO (to 3G/2G)
Intra LTE HO (within one MME pool) intra/inter eNB
ECM_IDLE mode mobility Cell reselection with TA update
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No LA
No RA
TA controlled by MME
TA list exists in the MME
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Collocation with separate antenna system
Collocation with dual diplexer and shared mast feeder
Collocation with shared antenna
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Add another antenna system for LTE
Simplest way to collocate LTE with existing technology
Make sure antenna separation either vertically or horizontally When vertically work with tilting
When horizontally work azimuth
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Shared feeder and separate antennas
One diplex to combine Rx/Tx signal
One diplex to split signal to different ASC/TMA
Check the antenna dB isolation (minimum 30 dB isolation) to avoid inter-modulation
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New antenna supporting both old technology and LTE frequencies
At least 30 dB isolation antenna between LTE and other technology
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S4
SGSN
MME
HSS
SGW
eNodeB GSM WCDMA CDMA
IMS/IP Networks
Non 3GPP
technologies
S6
d
S1-UP
S3
S1-MME
S11
S6a
S4
PDN-GW
S8
S5
S2a
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LTE RAN OSS
Transport
EPC
Aligned functionality
Testing in operator
environment
terminals
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Telecom) 97
• Long Term Evolution is the 3GPP workgroup focused on developing the Evolved - UTRAN to bring it to next generation standards.
• System Architecture Evolution is the corresponding workgroup to develop the Evolved Packet Core.
E-UTRAN EPC
EPS
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Telecom) 98
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Telecom) 99
CS Domain
PS Domain
IMS Domain
GERAN
UTRAN
External Networks
(CS)
External Networks
(PS)
E-UTRAN
Enhanced Packet Core
LTE/SAE workgroups (3GPP)
Core Network
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Telecom) 100
RNC
NodeB NodeB
SGSN
GGSN MSC-S
MGW
Core Network, CS and PS domains
UTRAN
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RNC
NodeB NodeB
SGSN
GGSN MSC-S
MGW
Only the PS domain is defined
RNC functions moved to E-Node B
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 102
E-NodeB E-NodeB
MME S-GW
P-GW
X2
IRAT Handover
Interface with SGSN
Idle mode mobility management
Interface with external networks
Charging
IP PoP
Terminates UP packets
Switching of UP for mobility reasons
Typically arranged in pools
All RRM including:
Bearer Control
Admission Control
Connected mode Mobility mgmt
UL/DL scheduling
S1
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 103
Indoor eNodeB
Minimal Footprint –400x600 mm (16x24 in)
Reduced Height –1435 mm (57 in)
Central Redundant Fans
12 Radio Units
6 sectors with 2x2 MIMO or 3 sectors dual band and 2x2 MIMO
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In
Telecom) 104
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 105
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 106
The LTE/SAE transport study is a cross DU/PA team activity within the LTE/SAE Network Level System project (BNET) that
delivers an educational overview of the current and future e-2-e LTE transport network deployment scenarios in the different areas Access, Aggregation/Metro and Backbone: Typical deployment scenarios based on Vendor view Customer view of main customers Different alternative/options, dependent on
technology geographical and subscriber aspects (rural, urban, …) legal / business aspects (cost of leased lines) legacy aspects (e.g. a lot of fiber connected sites already in place)
identifies issues, conclusions and additional requirements on the transport solutions and products.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 107
eNBBTS
eNBNode
B
ADMADMADMADM
1*E1/T1
2*E1/T1
ATM/
IMA/
n*E1/T1
ADMADM
SDH/SONET network
BSC
... 63*E1/T1
STM-1/OC-3c
RNCRNC
ATM
STM-1/OC-3c
μWμW
eNBBTS
eNBNode
B
ADMADM
1*E1/T1
2*E1/T1
ATM/
IMA/
n*E1/T1
μWμW
TextSite
Router
TextRouter
IP/MPLS
Packet
Switched
Network
IP/MPLS
Packet
Switched
Network
TextMSC -S
TextM-
MGw
Switching Core Other Core
sitesAggregationCell Site
Cell Site
Backbone already realized as packet based transport
Mobile Backhaul often still TDM and ATM access and SDH/SONET based Metro
Switching Core
Access Aggregation Core Metro
LRAN HRAN
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 108
RNC
RBS
RBS
RBS
RBS
RBS
RBS
RAN domain
BSC
RBS
3.6 Mbps
14 Mbps
28 Mbps
42 Mbps
80-160 Mbps
eNB
eNB eNB
eNB
SAE Gw
Evolution from narrowband voice to bandwidth demanding data centric transport…
Cost per bit needs to decrease rapidly
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 109
Operators therefore have different possibilities to tackle this problem:
Find a faster and cheaper way to get transport to cell sites using fiber.
Deploy self-built access to the cell-site (most likely microwave).
Look into converged architectures, e.g. using xDSL or GPON access where possible.
Agree on lower leased line tariffs based on long write off time for fiber and
longer agreement periods
It is not possible to build profitable mass-market mobile data backhaul infrastructure based on leased lines and/or bundles of E1s/T1s.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 110
Switch Site
Aggregation Hub 2
Aggregation Hub 1
Cell Site
1) Microwave access
2) Fiber access & transport
3) xDSL access
4) GPON access
5) P-t-P fiber access
Mobile Backhaul dedicated Mobile Backhaul using BBA infrastructure (incl FMC)
Aggr . 1
cell site
Eth ( Cu )
Eth ( Cu )
Cu
Aggr . 2
xDSL xDSL
Cu
Cu
Other
Core Sites
Switch
ONT
Passive
Splitter
Eth OLT Switch
Switch
Switch resilient optical
connection
Switch
Switching Core
resilient optical
connection (ring or mesh)
Text Site
Router
GGSN SAE
Gw GGSN SAE
Gw
3 PP Service Network
Text Router Text BB
Router
μW
μW μW
DSLAM
RAN evolves towards native IP/Ethernet
eNB
eNB
eNB
eNB
MSPP
Router Router
Support for multiple technologies like PB/PBB, MPLS-TP. Routing function needed for IP/MPLS based transport.
MSPP MSPP
Rout. & Switch. & BRAS
MSPP
MSPP
L2/L3 demarcation variable
Demarcation might be even on cell site
PoP towards ‘Internet’ and/or ‘other operator’ Different geographical reach for different solutions !!
Switch
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 112
Aggr.
cell site
Eth ( Cu )
Other
Core Sites
Switching/ Core
Text Site
Router
GGSN SAE
Gw
μW μW eNB
eNB
IP/MPLS backbone
IP/MPLS backbone
SE 400
Fiber distribution point
Tier 2 HUB Fiber node
1 GE 1 GE
1 GE
cell Site
5 x
1 x
Partly in line with /// P-t-P Fiber and Microwave vision scenario but downsized/simplified
No Metro/HRAN, reuse of IP/MPLS backbone for trial phase
3PP Service Network
Switch
Extreme Summit
Optical
Optical
OMS 870
Optical Switch
Extreme Summit
Optical
OMS 870
MINI-LINK MINI-LINK
PoP towards ‘Internet’ and/or ‘other operator’
Switch
Extreme Summit
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 113
Aggr . 1
cell site
Eth Cu )
Eth ( Cu )
Aggr . 2
Other
Core Sites
Switch
Switch
Switch resilient optical
connection
Switching Core
resilient optical
connection (ring or mesh)
Text Site
Router
GGSN SAE
Gw GGSN SAE
Gw
3 PP Service Network
Text Router Text BB
Router
μW
μW μW
eNB
eNB
eNB
MSPP STN
MSPP MSPP
Rout. & Switch. & BRAS
MSPP
PoP towards ‘Internet’ and/or ‘other operator’
OMS 1410 R1 OMS 1410 R1
OMS 1410 -or-
SM 480
SE400/800/1200
SE400/800/1200
SE400/800/1200
MINI-LINK TN 4.1 6pD MINI-LINK
TN 4.1 2pB
MINI-LINK TN4.1 2pB
SIU 01 ?
EDA 1200 products ECN430/ EMN120
BTS
STN
We need a gap filler since NG-SIU development is late. Currently under discussion, e.g. ‘T750’
6-38 GHz 6-38 GHz
OMS 1410 -or-
SM 480
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 114
SGi
S12
S3
S1-MME
PCRF
Gx
S6a
HSS
Operator's IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
Rx
S10
UE
SGSN
LTE-Uu
E-UTRAN
MME
S11
S5 Serving Gateway
PDN Gateway
S1-U
S4
UTRAN
GERAN
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 115
Security Domains and VPN Structure
Today – 3GDT sets GGSN and RNCs into one security Domain
SAE GW needs to connect to eNodeB, which has a different physical access security
IP connectivity to external networks In 2G/3G, DNS and Gn traffic connect only through Gp firewall and Security Domain
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 116
Mobile-PBN
IMS Module
External
Networks
PRAN
Gi, SGi
SGi
S6a, S9
S1-U, S1-MME
S1-MME
IuPS-C
IuPS-U, S12
Gb,
IuPS-U,
S101
IuPS-U
Gi
S7, Gx, Rx, S9
S6a
Gn, Gp
DNS.Gn, Gp, S3,
S4, S10, S11
IuPS-C, BSSAP,
S6a, S6a, DNS
S11, S4, S5, S8, S2a
S1-U
Gx
GGSN
SGSN/MME
RNC
PCRF
HSS
eNodeB
DNS, Gp, S8
S12
SAE-GW
Mobile Backhaul or Mobile-PBN
transport services, depending on
SAE GW and MME sites
PRAN
Gi, SGi InternetISP
S6a, S9,
DNS, Gp, S8GRX/IPX
Gi, SGi
Gi Firewall
DNS, Gp, S8, S9
Gx, Rx, S9,
S6a, DNS
DNS, Gx, Rx,
S9, S6a
Internet
Access
IP Inter-
connect
(Gp)
DNS, S6a
IP Interconnet (Gp) Firewall
DNS
Proxy
(eDNS)
eDNS (APN
resolution)
DNS
iDNS (APN
resolution)
DNS
IMS Firewall
DNS
eDNS
(DIAMETER
resolution)
IMS
DMZ
DNS
Serv. &
Control
Sig
iDNS
(DIAMETER
resolution)
CDMA 2000 (not in Mobile-PBN scope)
S2a
S101
RNCPDSN
Media
(Core)
BSSAP
GbR2C
(RAN)
BSC
Signal.
(SS7)
201-08-001-012/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 117
The new main nodes that implement the Evolved Packet Core are the MME and the SAE GW. Depending on the typical placement of these nodes, certain sites in the network will include SAE GW, MME, or both.
Based on the dimensioning done, there will be no SAE GW nodes in mobile access sites in the mid term. We will find SAE GWs in all core sites, including Mobile-PBN Primary and Secondary sites.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 118
The MME mode of the SGSN will support considerably more subscribers than for 2G/3G access in an LTE only mode, the target is 3 M SAU, corresponding to 5000 connected eNodeB. The number of required MME nodes in the network will be lower than the amount of SAE GW nodes.
In conclusion, there will be two basic EPC site types for the core network, one including only SAE GW, and one including SAE GW and MME.
In addition to these site types, there will be dedicated central sites hosting the HSS and SAPC nodes.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 119
Node selection will involve enhanced DNS features compared to APN resolution in 2G/3G PS networks
MME Selection by an eNodeB Mechanism under discussion
MME Selection at Inter eNodeB handover (with MME relocation)
NAPTR DNS query by the source MME Answer as SRV or A/AAAA record
PDN GW (///->SAE GW) Selection NAPTR query for APN name sent by MME
Serving GW Selection (///->SAE GW) NAPTR query for tracking area sent by MME
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 120
Same Principles as developed in Mobile-PBN
MME SAE GW
Legend
1000 Base T
CN
nodes
Router PIU 1port1
port0
Router PIU 2port1
port0
Router PIU 3port1
port0
Router PIU 4port1
port0
201-08-005-01
10 GE
10 GE
Interface 1
10 GE
Interface 2
SR 1
SR 1
SW 1
SW 2
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 121
Same Principles as developed in Mobile-PBN
Design Options: Use combined router/switches and direct SGi connection
The SAPC and HSS nodes will be connected as in earlier Mobile-PBN releases
MME SAE GW
Legend
1000 Base T
CN
nodes
Router PIU 1port1
port0
Router PIU 2port1
port0
Router PIU 3port1
port0
Router PIU 4port1
port0
201-08-006-00
10 GE optical
10 GE
Interface 1
10 GE
Interface 2
SR 1
SR 2
End user
Services and
Internet Access
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 122
Logical Connectivity shown here for two networks only.
SR_1 SAE GW
(10) GE
SW_1
(10) GE
(10) GE
LAGLAG
LAG
(10) GE
(10) GE
(10) GE
LAG
Internet APN
context
CN VRF
CN_GN_GSN_1
IAC VRF
GI_IAC_1
SR_2 SW_2
LAG
LAG
IAC VRF
CN_GSN_2
GI_IAC_2
CN VRF
Core
Context
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 123
Bandwidth Traffic volume between Core sites might reach up to 20
Gbps
Capacity upgrade required
Site distribution According to dimensioning, it is expected that SAE GW
will be distributed to Core Sites only, without further spread-out towards access, at least not in the mid term
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 124
Traffic Type R6.1 BB/SI TIPI (R6.1
clients)
Network Control Network
Control CS6
NTP
Telephony Realtime EF
Signaling (SS7), Gb,
high prio charging
Signaling CS5 DNS
Radius
O&M Interactive
O&M Background
Guaranteed
Bandwidth
CS2
CS1
Streaming (Iu, Gn, Gi)
Gi SN, Gi L2TP AF31
Interactive (Iu, Gn, Gi) AF21
Charging low prio CS1
Background (Iu,Gn,Gi) AF11
Internet Background Best Effort BE
Alignment with TIPI-2 study
It assumed that PRAN will follow, too.
Client nodes expected to be in line with default DSCP values defined in TIPI-2 study
Client network classes will be mapped to a limited number of backbone classes defining queuing and scheduling behavior
Mobile-PBN Reference Network of 11.5 Mio Subscribers
Two scenarios: 10% or 50% penetration
Traffic per subscriber: 463 kbit/sec (aggressive Traffic Model)
For scenario 1 (Western Europe, 10% penetration)
total number of 1,150,000 LTE subscribers with an aggregated throughput of 363 Gb/s
For scenario 2 (US, 50% penetration)
total number of 5.75 Million subscribers and an aggregated throughput of 1.8 Tb/s
SAE GW capacity of 256,000 subscribers and 100+ Gb/s throughput, and a total number of SAU in the MME of 3 Million
Scenario 1 : 5 SAE GW, 1 MME
Scenario 2 : 23 SAE GW, 2 MME 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 126
Aspects to be considered:
Operational benefit of centralizing core nodes to a few central sites
Closeness of SAE GW to the Internet peering points and the possibility to get rid of high traffic volumes early by pushing out SAE GW nodes further out towards the access.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 127
EPC in Details
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 128
Up to 300 Mbit/s DL & 75 Mbit/s UL
Possible to use LTE in many different frequency bands, both FDD and TDD schemes
Coexist with other systems like GSM, WCDMA and even none 3GPP such as CDMA2000
100% IP based core
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 129
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the core network architecture of 3GPP's future LTE wireless communication standard.
SAE is the evolution of the GPRS Core Network, with simplified architecture, all IP networks, and support for different access technologies.
The main component of the SAE architecture is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), also known as SAE Core. The EPC will serve as equivalent of GPRS networks.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 130
Major Vendors have implement LTE network across the
Continant.
Huawei implemented the first commercial LTE network in Norway
ZTE implemented the LTE network in HK
LTE implementation is on going rapidly across the globe..
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 131
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 133
MMEHSS S-GW P-GW
EPC
MPG/
CPG
WCDMA / GPRS
EPC
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 134
Functionality Compare
MME Attach and detach of UE
Authentication procedure with assistance of the HSS
Choosing SGW and PGW for the UE
Manage PDN connections and EPS bearers
Mobility Procedures
UE tracking
Paging
SGSN – Attach and detach of MS
– Authentication procedure with assistance of the HLR
– establishment of the connection for MS via the GGSN
– Session management
– Mobility management
– Subscriber data management
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 135
Hardware Based on WPP platform, upgrade
from SGSN, called SGSN-MME in new products.
Only control plane
Only IP (v4 and v6)
Protocol stacks: S1AP, NAS, DIAMETER,GTPV1 and GTPV2
MME in pool supported
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 136
Functionality in S-GW & P-GW
S-GW Packet routing and forwarding Local mobility anchor for the user plane during inter-
eNodeB handovers Charging
P-GW Provides IP connectivity towards external PDNs Policy and admission control Packet filtering per user Service based online and offline charging
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 137
Hardware New product in E///
Based on SmartEdge 1200 platform
Redback SmartEdge OS 6.1.3
Fully meshed slot to slot
Protocol stacks: DIAMETER, GTPv1 and GTPv2
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 138
Hardware Based on Juniper M120 platform,
upgrade from GGSN
Functionality enabled through GGSN software upgrade.
Multi access support for GSM, WCDMA and LTE networks.
Mobility provided between all 3GPP access networks.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 139
The HSS contains the database holding subscription information for UE subscribing to the EPS network.
HSS can also be used in various systems, such as IMS Communication System, EPS and any type of wireless access.
Functionality in EPS
Subscription Management , Subscription Profile Configuration , Authentication Support
Operator Determined Barring, User Profile Management and Service Authorization
Mobility management, Roaming restrictions
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 140
Hardware Based on TSP platform, a new
platform
Multi access support for EPS, WLAN and wireless access networks.
Dicos, Linux OS
VIP concepts for traffic and transport
Protocol stacks: Diameter, MAP, SigTRAN,
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 141
Functionality
Subscriber, device, and access-aware handling
policy control decisions
Flow-based charging
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 142
Hardware Based on TSP platform
Used both in WCDMA and EPS systems
Dicos, Linux OS
VIP concepts for traffic and transport
Protocol stacks: Diameter, SigTRAN
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 143
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 144
› The EPS architecture is made up of a EPC (Packet Core Network) and a eUTRAN Radio Access Network
› The CN provides access to external packet IP networks and perform a number of CN related functions (e.g. QoS, security, mobility and terminal context management) for idle and active terminals
› The RAN performs all radio interface related functions for terminals in active mode
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 145
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 146
GGSN
Gi
Packet Data Networks (Internet)
Node B
RNC
BTS
BSC
Iu up/S12
Iub
Gb
UTRAN GERAN
Control Interface
User Data Interface
SGSN
Gn
Iu/Gn-UP (Rel-7 One Tunnel)
LTE
eNode B
S1-C S1-U
› 3GPP Rel-7 specifies the feature called “3G Direct Tunnel” where the user plane goes direct between RNC and GGSN
› 3GPP Rel-8 specifies a SAE GW and a MME. SW upgrade of the GGSN gives SAE GW functionality and MME functionality in the SGSN
› LTE capable eNode Bs are introduced
SGSN/MME
GGSN/SAE GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 147
Core Network
New System for packet data transmission over broadband radio access.
Evolution from 3GPP 2G and 3G.
Standarization ongoing in 3GPP release 8.
Non-3GPP
CS networks
”IP networks”
3G
2G
Circuit Core
IMS domain
EPC eUTRAN
User mgmt
added
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 148
3GPP terms:
EPS = Evolved Packet system. 3GPP Global name for the whole system, including eUtran, EPC and user equipment.
eUTRAN = Evolved UTRAN. Access part of the system.
EPC = Evolved Packet Core. Core part of the system
Industrial terms:
LTE = Long term evolution. Group all new e-nodeBs providing broadband radio access to end users.
SAE = System Architecture Evolution. Core part evolved to meet requirements of the LTE.
SAE/LTE = Evolved Packet System
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 149
Ensuring that 3GPP is attractive in comparison with competing technologies (WiFi, WiMax, Flarion, …) As ”simple” as competing technologies (fewer nodes)
A flat optimized 2-node architecture for user plane (OPEX and CAPEX)
Reduce cost per bit
Secure investments made by our customers
Higher speeds than any of the competitors
Interfaces towards all 3GPP and non-3GPP access technologies for interconnection with SAE.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 150
High data rates – Downlink: >100 Mbps – Uplink: >50 Mbps – Cell-edge data rates 2-3 x HSPA Rel. 6 (@ 2006)
Low delay/latency – User plane RTT: Less than 10 ms ( RAN RTT ) – Channel set-up: Less than 100 ms ( idle-to-active )
High spectral efficiency – Targeting 3 X HSPA Rel. 6 (@ 2006 )
Spectrum flexibility – Operation in a wide-range of spectrum allocations – Wide range of Bandwidth (from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz) – Support for FDD and TDD Modes
Cost-effective migration from current/future 3G systems
Focus on services from the packet-switched domain ! 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 151
More people at the same time, doing it faster and with even better quality
PC/Laptop symbol
Video Conferencing M-commerce
Music
Gaming
Doctor/mechanic
TV watching
Messaging
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 152
Internet,
Operator Service etc.
EPC EPC - Evolved Packet Core
eUTRAN eUTRAN - Evolved UTRAN
EPS – Evolved Packet System
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 153
3G Direct Tunnel: capacity
improvement, bypassing the SGSN node,
reduces CAPEX.
All-ip transport: Reduces costs and
improves escalability.
SGSN pool: network resilience and
reduces signalling.
HSPA: Higher throughput in the radio
access improves user perception.
IP networks
HLR
WCDMA
/eHSPA GSM
SGSN
Charging
GGSN
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 154
Fair mobile broadband usage
Bandwidth management
Policy implementation
Deep packet inspection
End-to-end Quality of Service control
Service-aware charging
PCRF
IP networks
HLR
GSM
Charging
SASN
GGSN
Note: SASN could be standalone or integrated in GGSN
SGSN
WCDMA
/eHSPA
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 155
LTE
NON-3GPP
WLAN
EPC achievable by
straightforward software upgrades
– GGSN upgrade to Mobile Packet
Gateway (in a later phase)
– SGSN upgrade to triple-access
Multi-access (access agnostic)
Flat architecture: 2 nodes for user traffic (based on 3GDT idea)
IP transport infrastructure allowing
pooling for SAE GWs, and MME,
sharing the eNodeBs
Note: SASN could be standalone or integrated in PGW
SAPC
IP networks
GSM
Charging
SASN
MME
WCDMA
/eHSPA
SGSN
PGW
UM
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 156
LTE = Long Term Evolution (of 3GPP family) Evolution path for GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA,
HSPA+
LTE is being specified in 3GPP Release 8
Now also known as eUTRAN
Designed primarily for mobile broadband packet data
simple architecture
Flexible design to allow deployment in new and re-farmed spectrum
Takes radio performance to the next level
LTE is the next step in radio for mobile broadband 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 157
Downlink: Multi-layered OFDMA Channel-dependent scheduling
and link adaptation in time and frequency domain
Uplink: Single Carrier-FDMA Higher uplink system
throughput
Improved coverage and cell-edge performance
Lower terminal cost and improved battery life
Downlink Uplink
frequency frequency
User 1
User 2
User 3
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 158
MME = ”Mobility Management Entity”
eNodeB = the LTE base station
Signaling User traffic
IP networks
2G/3G
LTE
Optimized UP
path for LTE
Interconnection of
other access
technologies using
Mobile IP
Policy Control and Charging –
enhancements of 3GPP R7
Full reuse of user
Management HSS and IMS
enhacements 3GPP R7
User traffic and signaling
separation in core network
Other
access MME
SAE GW
eNodeB S
-GW
P-G
W
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 159
• Common GW for all accesses
• Core network pooling for LTE
access
• Policy control also supporting LTE
• Diameter for LTE user management
• Smooth interworking 2G/3G – LTE
• 3G Direct Tunnel for HSPA
SAE GW
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 160
2G/3G
SGi
IP networks
• Basic case: home tunnelling
• Smooth upgrade to support LTE and
other accesses
• Support for 3 operator model
• GTP and MIP options for roaming
Other accesses
S8
PDN GW
SAE GW
Home PLMN
Visited PLMN
Note: HSS and AAA excluded for simplicity
LTE
Serv GW
SAE GW
hPCRF
S7
PDN
GW Serv GW
SAE GW vPCRF
S9
SGi
IP networks
SGi
IP networks
PDN GW
SAE GW S7
2G/3G Other accesses
• Advanced case: both home tunnelling and local
breakout possible
• Roaming controlled by home network policies
• PCRF-to-PCRF roaming interface
• GTP and MIP options for roaming
S8
LTE
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 161
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S8 HPLMN
VPLMN
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 162
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
V-PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
HPLMN
VPLMN
H-PCRF
S9
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 163
S7 SGi
Rx+
SIP
IMS domain S-CSCF I-CSCF
IP networks
P-CSCF
PCRF
SAE GW
The Packet core evolution is transparent to IMS services.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 164
S1 Interface S1 UP, eNodeB<->P/S-GW S1 CP, eNodeB<- >MME
X2 Interface eNodeB<- > eNodeB
S11 Interface MME<->P/S-GW
S3 Interface SGSN<->MME
S4 Interface SGSN<->P/S-GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 165
MME/GW
S1 S1 S1
X2 X2
eNode B eNode B eNode B
Evolved
Packet
Core
Evolved
UTRAN
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 166
S1 Interface The interface between eNodeB and SAE
(MME and S-GW) In the user plane, based on GTP User Data
Tunnelling (GTP-U) (similar to today’s Iu and Gn interface)
In the control plane, more similar to Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP), with some simplifications and changes
Split into S1-CP (control) and S1-UP (user plane). Signalling transport on S1-CP will be based
on SCTP Payload transport on S1-UP will be based on
GTP-U
S1 is a many-to-many interface.
MME/GW
S1 S1 S1
X2 X2
eNode B eNode B eNode B 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 167
X2 Interface
The interface between eNodeB Mainly used to support active mode UE
mobility May also be used for multi-cell Radio
Resource Management (RRM) functions
X2-CP interface will consist of a signalling protocol called X2-AP on top of SCTP
The X2-UP interface is based on GTP-U The X2-UP interface will be used to
support loss-less mobility (packet forwarding).
The X2 interface is a many-to-many interface.
MME/GW
S1 S1 S1
X2 X2
eNode B eNode B eNode B 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 168
S3 Interface
•enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network mobility in idle and/or active state.
•Based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSNs.
•Protocol: GTP-C
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
SAE GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 169
S4 Interface
• Provides related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor function of Serving GW
• Is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSN and GGSN.
• In addition, if Direct Tunnel is not established, it provides the user plane tunnelling.
• Protocol: GTP-C / -U
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
SAE GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 170
S5 Interface
• Provides user plane tunnelling and tunnel management between Serving GW and PDN GW.
• Used for Serving GW relocation due to UE mobility and if the Serving GW needs to connect to a non-collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity.
• Protocol: GTP (or PMIPv6)
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
SAE GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 171
S6a Interface
• Enables transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the evolved system (AAA interface) between MME and HSS.
• Protocol: Diameter.
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
SAE GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 172
Gx Interface
• provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules from PCRF to Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the PDN GW.
• Protocol: DIAMETER
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
SAE GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 173
S10 Interface
• Reference point between MMEs for MME relocation and MME to MME information transfer.
• Protocol: GTP-C
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
SAE GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 174
S11 Interface
• Reference point between MME and Serving GW.
• Protocol: GTP-C
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
SAE GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 175
S12 Interface
• Reference point between UTRAN and Serving GW for user plane tunnelling when Direct Tunnel is established.
• Protocol: based on the Iu-u/Gn-u reference point using the GTP-U protocol as defined between SGSN and UTRAN
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
SAE GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 176
SGi Interface
• Reference point between the PDN GW and the packet data network.
• Packet data network may be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra operator packet data network, e.g. for provision of IMS services.
• This reference point corresponds to Gi and Wi functionalities and supports any 3GPP and non-3GPP access systems
HSS
HLR
MME SGSN
PCRF
2G 3G
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S11
S10
SGi
Gx
IP networks
S6a
Gr
LTE
PDN GW
Serv GW
S5
SAE GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 177
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 178
• Common GW for all accesses
• Generic support for any non-3GPP access
(e.g. WLAN, Fixed)
• Session Mobility using Mobile IP.
• Policy control supported for non-3GPP
accesses
• Access authentication for non-3GPP
accesses using AAA mechanisms
• Security support for non-trusted accesses
HSS AAA
PCRF
Non-trusted Trusted
IP networks
ePDG PDN GW
SAE GW
Serv GW
S5 ”Legacy” 3GPP
access networks
”Legacy” 3GPP2
access networks
LTE
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 179
Non 3GPP access control to SAE supported via the following interfaces:
STa, SWa, SWm, SWx, S6b towards 3GPP AAA: User Authentication
Subscriber profile management
PDN-GW selection support
Roaming restriction
Network access control
SWx = 3GPP AAA interface
STa / SWa = legacy AAA interface to
3GPP AAA
SWm = AAA to ePDG
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 180
S2a Interface
• Reference point for the control plane and user-plane between PDN-GW and Trusted non-3GPP networks.
•Protocol : PMIPv6, GRE
S2b Interface
• Reference point between PDN-GW and the ePDG. Used to provide SAE Core Network access and session mobility for un-trusted access networks such as fixed and WLAN deployments
•Protocol : PMIPv6
S2c Interface
• Reference point between PDN-GW and the UE. Used to provide client-based session mobility.
•Protocol : DSMIPv6
SWn Interface This reference point is used for forced forwarding of UE-initiated tunnelled packets towards the ePDG •Protocol : Locally agreed, e.g. routing based
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 181
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 182
HSS
HLR
AAA
ePDG
PDN GW
Serv GW MME SGSN
PCRF
LTE 2G 3G Non-3GPP
Non-trusted
Non-3GPP
Trusted
Eg cdma
SWx
Gb Iu-C
S3
S4
S1-C S1-U
S12
S10
S11
S5/S8
SGi
S6b
Gx
Gxc Gxb
Gxa
STa
S2b
S2a
S2c
SWa SWn
SWm
IP networks
S9
S6a
Gr
S101/102
S103
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 183
EPC Supported via S6a Interface (DIAMETER) to MME: Attach / Detach Authentication Location Update Purge Reset
EPC <-> 2G/3G mobility supported via intruduction of HSS layered architecture (HLR FE, HSS FE and CUDB)
Non 3GPP mobility supported via STa, SWa, SWm, SWx, S6b: User Authentication Subscriber profile management PDN-GW selection support Roaming restriction Network access control
SWx = 3GPP AAA interface
STa / SWa = legacy AAA interface to
3GPP AAA
SWm = AAA to ePDG
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 184
IP
networks
• Simplification with all accesses through I-HSS
• I-HSS incl. support for System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
2010-2011
LTE
• Data Centralization • Cost reduction by User Data
Consolidation (UDC)
2009
• Emerging markets: subscriber growth
• Mature markets: new features
2007-2008
HSS HLR/AuC
EMA
HSS-S HLR-S
CUDB
EMA
I-HSS
CUDB
EMA
IP
networks
IMS Fixed
Broadband
IMS IMS
Packet
Cable
LTE
IP
networks
Smooth and step-wise evolution with business needs
CDMA2000
2G/2.5G/3G 2G/2.5G/3G
Fixed
Broadband
CDMA2000
2G/2.5G/3G
WLAN WLAN
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 185
Front-End Server
FE server
Monolithic
Node
OA
M
PROTOCOLS
LOGIC
DB
OA
M
PROTOCOLS
LOGIC Signalling &
application logic
DB FE data profiles
Classic Server
PROVISIONING LOGIC
Modified network architecture from monolithic towards layered (Simple Upgrade)
Subscriber data is moved from subscription nodes to the Centralized User Database, CUDB (data migration service)
Simplified management with direct Provisioning towards CUDB (one subscription profile)
Improved network scalability when Front-End Server converted to data- and stateless machine
OA
M
CUDB
Separation of subscription and traffic scalability for improved OPEX & CAPEX
SW Upgrade
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 186
Node belonging to the SACC solution
Main task: control of authorized services per user and QoS control per bearer (PDP context).
SAPC allows SACC subscriber differentiation and flexibility by means of policy evaluation.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 187
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 188
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 189
1. VoIP based on MMTel over LTE
2. CS Fallback in EPS
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 190
One of the possible solutions for voice continuity in the SAE network is the usage of MMTEL IMS application, this is Voice over IP.
Handover of voice calls from LTE to 2G/3G CS possible : Initiated by HO signaling between the MME and the Inter Working Function (IWF) part of the MSC Server.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 191
Key feature to enable co-existence of CS voice on
2G/3G with LTE.
Feature allows a mobile using LTE to temporarily switch to 2G/3G CS when initiating or receiving a voice call.
After the call is terminated, the mobile switches back to LTE again.
The exact solution for this is still under discussion in 3GPP.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 192
EMM-DEREGISTERED:
•EMM Context in MME
holds no valid location
or routing info for UE
• Context data can still
be stored in UE.
EMM-REGISTERED:
• UE can receive
services requiring
registration in EPS
•UE location known to
MME to Tracking Area
granularity
•UE has at least 1 active
PDN context
•UE sets up EPS
security context
EMM - DEREGISTERED EMM - REGISTERED
Attach accept, TAU accept
Detach, Attach Reject, TAU reject, EUTRAN interface switched off due to Non-3GPP handover, All bearers deactivated,
EMM - DEREGISTERED EMM - REGISTERED
Attach accept, TAU accept
Detach, Attach Reject, TAU reject All bearers deactivated
EMM state model in UE
EMM state model in MME 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 193
ECM-IDLE ECM-CONNECTED
RRC connection established
RRC connection released
ECM-IDLE ECM-CONNECTED
S1 connection established
S1 connection released
ECM state model in UE
ECM state model in MME
ECM-IDLE:
•RRC connection not
established.
•UE location known at
Tracking area level.
•UE performs Tracking
Area Updates.
•MME does paging to
locate the UE.
•Performs service
request procedure to
send data uplink
ECM-CONNECTED:
•RRC connection UE-
eNodeB
•UE location known to
MME to cell level.
•Tracking Area Updates
at change of MME
(mobility or load
balancing)
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 194
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 195
MME
PDN-GW
PDN-GW
UE
1. Attach initiate/ establish
4. Inform UE on PDN-GW.
5. Establish user plane connection (default bearer)
eNodeB
Associated MME/S-GWs
HSS
2. User data request.
3. User data: GW ID, Default APN.
PDN-GW
Note: As opposed to 3GPP 2G/3G: Default user APN is configured in the HSS, not in the UE. Default context bearer is always established on attach. Mobile gets an IP on attach.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 196
MME
UE
1. APN request.
4. Inform UE on PDN-GW.
5. Establish user plane connection (bearer)
eNodeB
Associated MME/ S-GWs HSS
2. User data request.
3. User data: GW ID, APN, roaming info and IP addr. (for non-3GPP handover).
PDN-GW
PDN-GW
PDN-GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 197
MME
S-GW
S-GW
UE
SA1
1. APN request.
2. Inform eNodeB on S-GW, based on UE TA within SA1
3. Establish user plane connection (bearer)
eNodeB
UE
SA2 S-GW eNodeB
Configured MME/S-GWs
Connects UE to “best” S-GW based on residing Service Area (SA) 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 198
MME
MME
S-GW
eNB
SA SA
MME
eNB
eNB
S-GW
eNB
eNB
TA group
Two main modes for mobility for Intra LTE
X2 Mobility
With or without S-GW relocation
S1 Mobility
With or without packet forwarding
Direct or indirect packet forwarding
With MME relocation
With S-GW relocation
Combined relocation
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 199
Unchanged or relocated
S1-MME S1-U
S5/S8
S6a
S-GW
eNB eNB
HSS
S5/S8 Initiated by UE cell change
Optimized mobility
Different modes
Unchanged MME
unchanged or relocated SAE-GW
X2 transfers traffic during handover, meanwhile relocation from target to source eNB and potentially relocation of S-GW
S-GW
MME
S1-U
X2
S11 S11
Data forwarding
PDN-GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 200
Unchanged or relocated
S1-MME
S1-U
S5/S8
S6a
S-GW
eNB eNB
HSS
S5/S8 Initiated by UE cell change
Triggered when no X2 for handover exists
May relocate the MME; this procedure may also relocate both the MME and the Serving GW
Packet forwarding during handover and any relocation procedures
Additional RAN – EPC signaling compared to X2 mobility
S-GW
S1-U
(X2)
S11 S11
MME MME S10
Packet forwarding
PDN-GW
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 201
Gb/Iu S1-MME S1-U
S11
SGi
S6a Gr
GGSN
LTE GSM/ WCDMA
HLR
Packet GW
SGSN MME
HSS Gi
Gn
No specific network support, complete overlay
The terminal has support for both LTE and 2G/3G
At power on, the terminal attaches to either LTE or 2G/3G packet depending on coverage and preferences
Common subscription data need to be accessible from both HLR and HSS Not 100% overlap between data sets The HLR/HSS integration is targeting only consistent
user data in case #1 (not for mobility)
At loss of coverage, the terminal need to attach to the other network through some logic. No network support for controlling the terminal behaviour Idle mode behaviour is terimnal implementation
dependent In Connected mode, access NW change is triggered by
loss of connection
GGSN is used as anchor when 2G/3G is used, PGW is used as anchor when LTE used This means no preservation of IP addresses when
changing access -> applications may need to be restarted
(Note that the term ”PGW” here is used for the combination of Serving GW and PDN-GW)
Common subscription data
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 202
HLR
Gb/Iu
Gn (S3)
Gn (S4)
S1-MME S1-U
S11
SGi
S6a Gr
Packet GW
GGSN
SGSN MME
LTE GSM/ WCDMA
HSS Gi
Gn
A connection between SAE GW+MME and SGSN is established Gn used for a rel-7 SGSN Gn or S3+S4 may be used for a rel-8 SGSN
GGSN may be kept in the network but is not used for LTE-capable terminals
At power on, the terminal attaches to either LTE or 2G/3G packet depending on coverage and preferences
PGW is always used as anchor (for 2G/3G/LTE) This allows for preservation of IP addresses when changing
access
The LTE network is not communicating GSM/WCDMA neighboring cell information
The GSM/WCDMA network is not communicating LTE neighboring cell information
The terminal behaviour at loss of coverage is as for case #1
Mobility supported: LTE->2G/3G using RAU 2G/3G->LTE using TAU
HLR/HSS integration required to support mobility
HLR/HSS integration
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 203
HLR
Gb/Iu S1-MME S1-U
S11
SGi
S6a Gr
Packet GW
SGSN MME
LTE GSM/ WCDMA
HSS
Gn (S3)
Gn (S4)
GGSN
Gi
Gn
Same case as #2, but with additions: a) The LTE network is now communicating GSM/WCDMA
neighboring cell information b) The GSM/WCDMA network is now communicating LTE
neighboring cell information (requires update to rel-8) c) No support for traffic handover
If both a) and b) are supported, the network provides full idle mode control
PGW is always used as anchor (for 2G/3G/LTE) This allows for preservation of IP addresses when changing
access
Mobility supported: LTE->2G/3G using RAU 2G/3G->LTE using TAU
Interruption time during inter-system mobility reduced
a) LTE->2G/3G mobility (requires support in LTE network) b) 2G/3G->LTE mobility (requires support in GSM/WDCMA
network)
HLR/HSS integration
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 204
HLR
Gb/Iu S1-MME S1-U
S11
SGi
S6a Gr
Packet GW
SGSN MME
LTE GSM/ WCDMA
HSS Additional features in terminal, SGSN, MME and both RANs to support packet HO
Very short interruption times for inter-system handovers possible in both directions (<0.5 sec)
This mobility case is needed for handovers of realtime services including VoIP/MMTel
PGW is always used as anchor (for 2G/3G/LTE)
This allows for preservation of IP addresses when changing access
GGSN
Gi
Gn
Info exchange
Gn S4
Gn S3
HLR/HSS integration
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 205
Case #1: Independent networks Only common/double provisioning in HLR and HSS needed,
no rel-8 upgrades required
Case #2: Packet mobility, no RAN support Integration of HLR and HSS needed, no rel-8 upgrades
required
Case #3: Packet mobility, RAN support For the direction LTE->2G/3G, no rel-8 upgrades are required For the direction 2G/3G->LTE, a rel-8 capable 2G/3G RAN is
required. This also requires a rel-8 SGSN
Case #4: Packet HO Requires rel-8 upgrades of SGSN as well as 2G/3G RAN
including support for Packet HOs HO performance optimization
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 206
Early Trials LTE only testing requires no integration with 2G/3G
network.
Further Trials Introduce packet mobility using Gn towards 3GPP R7
SGSN for IRAT trials without specific legacy support
Mobile Broadband deployments in 2010 Introduce packet mobility with PS session continuity in
the direction of LTE to 3G, can later be enhanced through 3G support
Voice over LTE deployments Packet handover with support for realtime mobility
HO performance optimization 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 207
Ericsson is developing the following commercial products for release of SAE/LTE:
MME: SGSN-MME 2009B
SAE GW: Converged Packet Gw R1 and GGSN-MPG 2010A
HSS: HSS 5.0 and UDC R1 FP01
PCRF: SAPC 2009 B
eNodeB: LTE RAN L10 A
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 208
Fully commercial SGSN+MME in the same package
3GPP 2G, 3G + LTE/EPC functionality
Simple migration – reuse of service hardened SGSN hardware and software architecture
Continued focus on signaling and Mobile Broadband
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 209
IBxxv4
PEBv4
FSBv4
• Processor boards
for control (AP) or
payload (DP).
• Flexible ”role” configuration
• Qty: Capacity
related
Boards for:
• Power distribution
• Internal Eth
communication.
Qty: 2 per magazine
Boards for:
• Software storage
• Node config.
Magnetic disk.
Qty: 2 per node
Magazine 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 210
Ericsson will introduce the Converged Packet Gw R1 as the first product for SAE/LTE, optimized for very high throughput in future LTE intensive scenarios. It is referred to as the Converged Gateway.
Converged Gateway is a new development on a new platform, the SmartEdge 1200 from Redback.
The Ericsson GGSN-MPG 2010A will be introduced later, and will add the PDN and Serving Gateway functionality for SAE/LTE networks to the GGSN platform.
The Mobility Gateway fully reuses hardware and common functionality while adding the SAE specific functionality. Both current M20 and M120 platforms will be supported.
2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 211
Mobile Packet
Gateway (MPG)
For 3GPP/LTE network access
An evolution from the market-
leading Ericsson GGSN
Converged Packed Gateway (CPG)
For broadband LTE networks
and non-3GPP convergence
A new product based on
a proven platform (SmartEdge)
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Ericsson Converged Packet Gateway uses the SmartEdge 1200 platform
Introduces SAE Gateway functionality
– Market-leading Ericsson 3GPP software
– Fully 3GPP R8 compliant
– Serving and PDN Gateway functionality
– LTE support with mobility to GSM/WCDMA
– Mobility between LTE and CDMA (3GPP2) and fixed networks (MIP)
– Integrated Deep Packet Inspection functionality
Exploits key high performance MSER functionality – Routing, VPN, MPLS, VPLS
– Fully programmable ASIC-based broadband IP engine
– High availability architecture
– In-service software upgrade (ISSU) capability
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Provides a smooth migration for Ericsson GGSN
customers to LTE/SAE using GGSN-MPG 2010 A.
It will be released in 2010.
Extensive feature-rich 3GPP mobile solution
Requires software upgrade to existing GGSN
Supports large subscriber numbers for substantial existing deployed base
(up to 6 million PDP sessions)
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GGSN evolution to EPC Mobile Gw with full reuse of existing installed node
GGSN, (as well as SGSN, HSS and SAPC) can be upgraded by SW-only upgrade to support SAE/LTE
No additional hardware is needed
Converged Gw developed for distributed architecture
This solution perfectly addresses convergent operator with extensive throughput need per subscribers and low number of subscribers per node
Very flexible architecture and migration possible based on Mobile and Converged Gw
Both Gateways will evolve to address future needs
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The first release to work with SAE will be
HSS 5.0: • First stage, monolithic
• supporting early implementations of SAE.
• No mobility IRAT requirements.
• It will be released in June 2009.
First solution implementing data layer structure
will be UDC R1 FP01: • It will handle SAE R1 with IRAT mobility requirements.
• It will include HLR FE, HSS FE, CUDB and PG as separated
nodes.
• HSS release will be 5.0.
• Released end 2009.
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- 5 Zx
XCAP Authentication Support,
MME
System Performance management Fault management Configuration management System SW management
Sh
HSS Provisioning
Provisioning System
Server
AS
SIP Application Server
HLR
MAP
XCAP Server
SIH
SAE
S6a ESM SAE
Subscription module
Cx
SSO
retrieval from the HLR at any time
Authentication vectors retrieval
OSS-RC
MAP
SDA Subscription Data Access
module
Subscription Data Access
PAM
Packet Access module
GGSN/AAA
SWa, S6b, STa, SWm, Wa
WSM WLAN
Subscription module
SWx
PDN GW
TSP 6 /NSP 6.0
platform
D’/Gi
CUDB LDAP SLF
3GPP AAA SWx
LDAP SOAP
Provisioning notifications
ePDG
AAA
Access Gateway
XCAP Aggregation Proxy
AVG Authenticati
on Vector Generator
module
ISM IMS
Subscription module
CSCF
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Ericsson solution based on:
RBS 6000 platform
First mainstream products in 2009/2010
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Part 2: SAE services
SAE/EPC introduction
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15+ RFIs and RFPs
1 customer trial on air
5 trials in the pipe
20+ additional trials being requested for 2009
First commercial launches planned end 2009
Broader deployment starting 2010
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With SAE introduction, a phased end-2-end approach must be secured with regards to service scoping for:
Technical solution view
•EPC/SAE nodes •PBN connecting the SAE nodes with LTE •HSS/HLR for user management •SACC & Charging systems, including Policy & charging control •LTE Radio •Non-3GPP access integration
Project view •M-PBN introduction •3GDT introduction •SGSN Pool introduction •SACC implementation •SAE/EPC introduction •Multi Vendor Verification/Integration
Business view •2G/3G/CDMA interworking •Fixed/mobile convergence •VoIP •IMS introduction •Differentiated QoS 2/4/2014 Mustafa Golam, CTO, BDTele(BigData In Telecom) 221
Overlay network with 2G/3G handover/connectivity
WLAN / Wimax interworking & fixed/mobile convergence.
Customer provided IP backbone & KPI related acceptance testing.
Ongoing standardization & product development together with projects with high probability for Multi Vendor scenarios
Lack of resources & competence in new technology domains (TSP based HSS, Redback based CPG etc)
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We can build on existing competence in the Packet Core & M-PBN domains
We have experience from deploying HSS with IMS
We have delivered SAPC with SASN for SACC
We have started early with service preparation for LTE & SAE compared to product development timeplan
We have learned (the hard way) from introducing e.g. MSS & SACC that careful planning is needed
Trial projects an excellent way of getting familiar with the new technology
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Packet switched traffic will play a key role in future Mobile networks
Data volumes & customer ISP requirements will increase alot – also new types of traffic
Networks are getting more complex what comes to topology, interfaces & features used
Correct Service scoping in sales extremely important for project profitability & success
Need to start preparing for the great possibilities ahead!
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Fewer Nodes
Simpler network architecture
Higher data bitrates over air
Higher data bitrates over TN
Reduced OPEX/CAPEX
LTE offers a smooth evolutionary path from other cellular systems
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Delivering of IP Multimedia Services (IMS) leads to Introducing common service platform based on IMS
HSS together with some other nodes will replace HLR
SGSN/MME connected via well defined interface (S6) to the HSS
IMS services available for GSM/WCDMA/LTE
IMS services belongs to the service layer
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EPS Evolved Packet System
EPC Evolved Packet Core
MME Mobility management Entity
SGW Serving Gateway
PDN-GW Packet Data Network Gateway
LTE Long Term Evolution
SAE System Architecture evolution
e-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN
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