Introduction to Linux OS

Objectives

History

GNU Project

Beginning of Linux

Features

Linux Pros and Cons

Architecture

Applications

How to be certified?

In 80's ,Microsoft's DOS was the Dominant OS for PC.

Mac was better , but expensive.

UNIX was much better , but much more expensive.

History

people

People was looking for a UNIX based system , which is cheaper , user friendly , and could run on PC.

DOS,Mac and UNIX Kernels was away from development.

Pay-to-develop!

History

GNU

Established by Richard Stallman.

GNU = GNU is Not UNIX.

Aim to develop a complete UNIX-like operating system , which is free for copying and modifications.

GNU Project

FSF

Richard Stallman established The Free Software Foundation ,to support GNU Project.

It earns money from packing the software with different tools RedHat , SuSE,Slackware,....

GNU Project

photo

Richard Stallman All rights reserved

Minix

A famous professor , Andrew Tanenbaum , developed MINIX , a simplified version of UNIX , but for no commercial intentions.

A student at Helsinki University , called Linus Torvalds , developed the first Linux Kernel version 0.0.1.

Beginning of Linux

photo

Linus Torvalds All rights reserved

features

Features

Open Source

Virus-Free.

Free.

Compatibility on most hardware.

Well documented.

Customizable.

Great Graphical interface..see compiz!

Firewall is a part of Kernel.

F tcp-ip

Features

TCP-IP Networking.

Support for running web servers,such as Apache , to run protocols like FTP.

Features

Pros and cons

Linux Pros and Cons

Linux

Advantages over windows:

Free Expensive

Source code is No source available code

Bugs are fixed wait until quickly they find them!

multi

Linux Pros and Cons

Linux

Advantages over windows:

Good support over internet.

Multi-tasking , Multi-user.

And more ....

graph

graph

architecture

Architecture

shell

Linux Shell

KernelShell

cd

ls

whoami

Shell interprets command and requests service from kernel.

In Linux , we have :

Bourne Again shell(Bash)

TC Shell.

Z Shell.

GUIs

Shells and GUIs

You can enter commands by:

Command line shells , like (bash).

Through the Graphical User Interface , such as KDE and Gnome .

kernel

Kernel

Kernel:

The part of an OS where the real work is done .

System call interface:

Set of functions (API) can be used by the applications and libraries to provide services from Kernel.

AUI

Kernel

Application user's interface:

Interface between the kernel and the user .

Allows the user to make commands to the system.

Divided into text based and graphical based.

core

Kernel

It's the core of Linux OS .

It acts as intermediary , between the computer hardware and various programs.

driver

It contains the driver support for the PC hardware.

It contains advanced memory management features support for many different types of file systems.

Kernel

blinder

Linux

Unix #1

Unix #2

Unix #3

utilities

System Utilities

Every system utility that you expect to find in any Unix based system has been ported on Linux.

This includes commands such as :grep: search for words inside a document..cp , wc , ...

applications

Applications

Very Effective in server applications.

Some Companies running Linux servers:Google TEDataCisco IBMPanasonicFacebookToyotaWikipediaU.S armyFBI

distros

Distros

A typical desktop Linux distribution comprises :a Linux kernel,GNU tools and libraries,additional software, documentation, a window system,window manager, a desktop environment.

300

They are about 300 distros!

Most Famous:FedoraSuSEUbuntuSlackwareCentOSRHELDebianGentooMandriva

GNU

Distros

Certificates

Red Hat:RHCTRHCE

LPI

Linux+

Any Questions?

Thanks !!