Introduction to Legal Research for Librarians
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Introduction to Legal Research for Librarians
Mark Podvia
September 17, 2010
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Sources of Law
• Legislative Branch: Statutory Law (Legislation)
• Executive Branch: Administrative Law (Rules and Regulations/Decisions and Orders)
• Judicial Branch: Case Law (Common Law)
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Types of Authority
• Primary Authority: Constitutions, Statutes, Administrative Rules and Regulations, Administrative Decisions and Orders, Case Law, Local Ordinances
• Secondary Authority: Treatises, Law Reviews, American Law Reports, Encyclopedias, Restatements
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Case Law
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Federal Reporters
• US Supreme Court: United States Reports, United States Supreme Court Reports Lawyers’ Edition, Supreme Court Reporter
• US Courts of Appeals: Federal Reporter
• US District Courts: Federal Supplement
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Federal Case Citation
Clinton v. New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998).
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Regions
• Atlantic• North Eastern• North Western• South Eastern• South Western• Southern• Pacific• California Reporter• New York Supplement
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Pennsylvania Case Citation
Comm. v. Gosselin, 861 A.2d 996 (Pa. Super. 2004).
Comm. v. Gosselin, 2004 PA Super 426.
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Where do we find Cases?
• Printed Reporters
• Commercial Sources (Lexis, Westlaw)
• Internet Sources
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Legislation
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Legislative Process• A Law begins its life as a bill, a legislative
proposal offered for debate before its enactment. Bills can be introduced in either chamber.
• After it is introduced, a bill is sent to committee where hearings are held. If a bill is reported favorably it goes to the floor for a vote. If passed it is sent to the other chamber where the process starts over.
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• If the bill is passed by both houses, it may need to go to a conference committee to work out differences between the two versions.
• The bill goes to the President/Governor for signature. If the bill is vetoed the legislature may be able to override the veto by a ¾ vote.
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Where are Statutes published?
Slip Laws—Individual law printed after passage of a law.
Session Laws—Laws adopted during a specified session arranged in chronological order.
Codified Laws—Laws compiled into an order code arranged by topic.
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Federal Session Laws
• United States Statutes at Large—official
• United States Code, Congressional and Administrative News--unofficial
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Codified Federal Statutes
• United States Code (USC)—official
• United States Code Annotated (USCA)—unofficial (West)
• United States Code Service (USCS)—unofficial (Lexis)
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Pennsylvania Session Laws
Laws of Pennsylvania
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Codified Pennsylvania Statutes
• Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes—Pa. Cons. Stat.—official
• Purdon’s Pennsylvania Statutes Annotated—P.S.—unofficial
• Purdon’s Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Annotated—Pa.C.S.A.—unofficial
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Administrative Law
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Federal Administrative Register
Federal Register:
Issued each business day
Includes proposed rules, final rules, notices, Presidential proclamations,
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Federal Administrative Compilation
Code of Federal Regulations
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Pennsylvania Administrative Register
Pennsylvania Bulletin:
Issued weekly
Includes proposed rules, final rules, notices, local rules of court
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Pennsylvania Administrative Compilation
Pennsylvania Code