INTRODUCTION TO IP-USNnetworking.khu.ac.kr/html/lecture_data/2007_fall/IP-USN_20071103.pdfLarger...

INTRODUCTION TO IP-USN

Kyung Hee University2007.11.5

Choong Seon Hong, [email protected]

2

Outline

Environments to IP-USNRelated Standardization

IEEE 802.15.4ZigBee AllianceIEEE 802.15 BAN (Body Area Networks) SGIETF 6LoWPAN WG

Conclusion

2

Environments to IP-USN

4

Network Trends4

Internet Technologies were

Control NetworkControl NetworkBuildingBuilding

PlantPlantVehicleVehicleAircraftAircraft

TelemetryTelemetryetcetc

IP Tech.IP Tech.

DataData NetworkNetworkComputerComputer

Voice NetworkVoice NetworkTelephoneTelephone

5

Internet Technologies are




IP TechnologiesIP Technologies



New type of network(e.g. Home network)

Network Trends (con’t)

6

Internet Technologies will be

IP TechnologiesIP Technologies






New type of network(e.g. Home network)

Network Trends (con’t)

7

USN vs IP-USN

NGN

USN Gateway

MobileGateway

SinkNode

SinkNode

SinkNode

U-Sensor Network

IP or Non-IP

IP Network(NGN, Internet, WLAN, WiBro)

IP basedSearch Service(DNS, google)

IP basedApplication

Service(Web)

Convert

Separation

USN

combine

IP-USN

8

USN vs IP-USN (con’t)

Non IP-USN IP-USN

Independently Site, Service, Technology

Locally, Small Scale

ALL-IP based convergence network

Global, Mutuality

9

Currently Available USNs

Wireless Sensor NetworkZigBee Network

6LoWPAN

Control another node

1:1 Communication

GatewayZigBee

Gateway

Sink Node

Send data periodically

Query

Data

Query

Data

DB Server Host

Web Server

Get information from internet

Control another node

End-to-End connection across network

Directly control node and p2p

communication

Indirectly control node

10

Definition and Feature of IP-USN

DefinitionInternet Protocol-Ubiquitous Sensor NetworkAll-IP based USN technology provides new valuable services

By integrating USN technology with Internet Infrastructure

Supporting the mobility to Sensor Node, Gateway and Sink Node

FeaturesEffectively integrate with Infrastructure such as NGN, IPv4/IPv6, USN

Scalability

Reliability

Dynamic

Globally

Mobility

Integration

Service Discovery

11

IP-USN Requirements

IP-USN GatewayInternet Connectivity to Legacy USN

IPv6Globally Unique Identification

H/W ChipLow Cost, Low Power and Low Bandwidth

Light-weight IP, Tiny OSEmbedded Compact Stack

SecurityConfidentiality and Integrity Protection

Killer Applications u-City, u-IT, u-Health

12

Advantage of IP-USN

Advantage Detail

Connection with NGNdirectly

Available to use abundance internet application service (web browser, messenger, telnet)

Construction is simple and easyReduction of development period, required small-sized memoryBetter competitive power of cost than Existing equipment

Suitable for large scale infraIP-USN is suitable for large scale u-City and supports optional function, such as mobility

Possible convergence network management Using IP-based network management ability

Ethernet or otherMAC / PHY

Adaptation Layer

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY

Adaptation Layer


Network Layer(IPv6)

Application Layer

Transport Layer(TCP/UDP)

Network Layer(IPv6)


Network Layer(IPv6)



Application Layer



Application Layer

Network Layer(IPv6)


Application Layer

Applicationsupport Layer

ZigbeeNetwork Layer

IP-USN(Delivery)

Zigbee(Application transformation)

IP host IP-USN Gateway Sensor node IP host Zigbee Gateway Zigbee node

Applicationsupport Layer

ZigbeeNetwork Layer

13

IP-USN Architecture

Lightweight IPv6

U-City Application Service Disaster Prevention Application Service

Lightweight Socket API

Security

IP-USN Management(SNMP)

Service Search(Simple SLP)

Lightweight TCP Lightweight UDP

Lightweight ICMPv6

Scalable Routing

MeshRouting

Commissioning Mobility

Fragment/Reassembly

IEEE 802.15.4

IP-USN Node IP-USN Router LAN, WLAN, WiBro, HSDPA Connection

HeaderCompression

Service Search(Based on DNS)

PHY/MAC Layer

Adaptation Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Application Layer

Other Services

14

Why IP

Most of the IP based technologies already exist, well known and proven to be working.

The pervasive nature of IP networks allows use of existing infrastructure.

Intellectual property conditions for IP networking technology is either more favorable or at least better understood than proprietary and newer solutions.

15

Why IP (con’t)

What about ZigBeeNew MAC – CSMS/CA + GTS/BeaconingNew Network – AODV + Cluster TreeNew API – ZigBee API + ZDOsStack is too:

ComplexExpensiveNot IP compatible *GTS: Guaranteed Time Slot

*ZDO: ZigBee Device Object

16

Why IPv6

Pros:

More suitable for higher density (futuristically 2 orders of magnitude larger than traditional networks)

Statelessness mandated

No NAT necessary (address extra cost to the cost prohibitive WSN)

Possibility of adding innovative techniques such as location aware addressing

IEEE 64 bit address subsumed into IPv6 address

Cons:

Larger address width (Having efficient address compression schemes may alleviate this con)

Complying to IPv6 node requirements (IPSec is mandated)

Limited address space

Not as compressible

NAT functionality needs gateways, etc leads to more cost

Statelessness not mandated

IPv6

IPv4

17

ZigBee vs IP-USN

ZigBee IP-USN

PHY/MAC Layer IEEE 802.15.4

Standardization Group ZigBee Alliance IETF 6LoWPAN WG

State of Standardization ZigBee Specification in v.1.0 RFC, Internet Draft

Scope of Protocol Stack All Adaptation Layer

Network Address 16bits or 64bits address IPv6 address

Unique of Network Address Unique Identification within PAN Globally Unique Identification

Address Assignment ZigBee Coordinator assigns the 16bits address IPv6 address by using EUI-64

Scalability of Topology Low High

Compatibility of IPv6 Network

Low High

Routing Support Layer ZigBee Network Layer Adaptation Layer

Routing Hierarchical Routing, AODV Algorithm In Progress

Gateway Function Application Layer Level Network Layer Level

Service Binding method Support TCP/UDP

Security Support Consider

Management Difficult Easy (SNMPv3)

Application Program Few Many (ISV, Developer)

Service Discovery Local Global

Mobility Difficult Easy (mobile IPv6)

18

Design Principles of IP-USN

Power managementLow CostConnectivity of IPScalabilitySecurityAutonomousManagementHeterogeneityMobilityEasy to use

19

Challenges of IP-USN

Impact Analysis Addressing Routing SecurityNetwork

Management

Low power (1-2 years lifetime on batteries)

Storage limitations, low overhead

Periodic sleep aware routing, low overhead

Simplicity (CPU usage), low overhead

Periodic sleep aware management, low overhead

Low cost (<$10/unit)

Stateless address generation

Small or no routing tables

Ease of Use, simple bootstrapping

Space constraints

Low bandwidth (<300kbps)

Compressed addresses

Low routing overhead

Low packet overhead

Low network overhead

High density (<2-4 unit/sq ft)

Large address space – IPv6

Scalable and routable to a node

Robust Easy to use and scalable

IP network Interaction

Address routable form IP world

Seamless IP routing

Work end to end from IP network

Compatible with SNMP, etc

20

Classification of IP-USN Technology

Function DetailEncapsulation mechanism

Address assignmentHeader compression

Scalable routing

Mesh routing

Hierarchical routing

Secure routing

FloodingMulticasting

IPv6 multicast address

Ethernet bridge

WiFi bridgeIP-USN Bridge

IP-USN protocol stackSensor node platform

Platform architecture

Mobility of USN manager

Mobility Management

Multi-WPAN

Mobility of USN sensors

Route optimization

Handover optimization

Network based mobility (NEMO)

IP-USN

Routing

Route over IP or Mesh under IP

21

Classification of IP-USN Technology (con’t)

Scanning, Self commissioning

Security policies, Key exchange

Channel policies

Joining policies

Sensor discovery

Mechanism of acquiring data from sensors

Key management

Authentication Header (AH)

Securing communication

Security Management

Network Management

DNS and ENUM approach

Socket APIProgramming API

IOCTL

IP-USN Chipset Onchip IP-USN architecture

Encryption Security Payload (ESP)

Securing binidng update

MAC PIBs and PHY PIBs

RMON, Sensor MIBs

IP and Application parameters

SLPService Discovery

IP-USN

Router advertisement

Commissioning

StandardizationIEEE 802.15.4ZigBeeIEEE 802.15 BANIETF 6LoWPAN

23

IEEE 802 Wireless Space23

Data Rate (Mbps)

Ran

ge

ZigBee802.15.415.4c

802.15.3802.15.3c

WiFi802.11

10 100 1000

WPAN

WLAN

WMAN

WWAN

0.01 0.1 1

Bluetooth802.15.1

IEEE 802.22

WiMaxIEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.20

24

IEEE 802.15.4

802.15.4 is a simple packet data protocol for lightweight wireless networks

Channel Access is via Carrier Sense Multiple Access with collision avoidance and optional time slottingMessage acknowledgement and an optional beacon structureMulti-level securityWorks well for

Long battery life, selectable latency for controllers, sensors, remote monitoring and portable electronics

Configured for maximum battery life, has the potential to last as long as the shelf life of most batteries

24

25

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview

PHY functionalities:Activation and deactivation of the radio transceiverEnergy detection within the current channelLink quality indication for received packetsClear channel assessment for CSMA-CAChannel frequency selectionData transmission and reception

25

26

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview (con’t)26

Frequency Band Coverage Data# of

ChannelsRx

SensitivityModulation

ISM Worldwide 250kbps 16 -85dBm O-QPSK

Europe 20kbps 1 -92dBm BPSK

ISM America 40kbps 10 -92dBm BPSK

2727

PreambleStart ofPacket

Delimiter

PHY Header

PHY ServiceData Unit (PSDU)

4 Octets 0-127 Bytes

Sync Header PHY Payload

Frame Length(7 bit)

Reserve(1 bit)

1 Octets 1 Octets

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Frame Structure

PHY packet fieldsPreamble (32 bits) – synchronization Start of packet delimiter (8 bits) – shall be formatted as “11100101”PHY header (8 bits) –PSDU lengthPSDU (0 to 127 bytes) – data field

28

Star and peer-to-peer topologiesContention Control

CSMA-CASuperframe

Associationchannel access mechanismPacket validation and message rejectionOptional guaranteed time slots

Guaranteed packet delivery

Facilitates low-power operationUsing PAN ID and 64 bits address and 16bits address

28

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview

29

Payload

PH

Y L

ayer

MA

CLa

yer MAC Header

(MHR)MAC Footer

(MFR)

MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU)

MAC Service Data Unit(MSDU)

PHY Header(PHR)

Synch. Header(SHR)

PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU)

4 Types of MAC Frames:

• Data Frame

• Beacon Frame

• Acknowledgment Frame

• MAC Command Frame

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Frame Structure

30

Full function device (FFD)Any topologyNetwork coordinator capableTalks to any other device

Reduced function device (RFD)Limited to star topologyCannot become a network coordinatorTalks only to a network coordinatorVery simple implementation

30

IEEE 802.15.4 Device Type

3131

Full function device Reduced function device

Star

PANCoordinator

Cluster Tree

PANCoordinator

Mesh

PANCoordinator

IEEE 802.15.4 Topology Model

32

IEEE 802.15.4 Addressing

Two or more devices with a POS communicating on the same physical channel constitute a WPAN which includes at least one FFD (PAN coordinator)

Each independent PAN will select a unique PAN identifier

All devices operating on a network shall have unique 64-bit extended address. This address can be used for direct communication in the PAN

32

33

IEEE 802.15.4 Addressing (con’t)

A member can use a 16-bit short address, which is allocated by the PAN coordinator when the device is associated.

Addressing modes:star: Network (64 bits) + device identifier (16 bits)peer-to-peer: Source/destination identifier (64 bits)cluster tree: Source/destination cluster tree + device identifier (unclear yet)

33

34

What is ZigBee

Foundation provided by IEEE 802.15.4Targeted at home, building and industrial automation and controls, consumer electronics, PC peripherals, and medical monitoringPerformance metrics are simplicity, long battery life, networking capabilities, reliability, and costZigBee Alliance provides standards definition for interoperability, certification testing, and branding

34

35

ZigBee Alliance

A rapidly growing, worldwide, non-profit industry consortium consisting of over 60

Leading semiconductor manufacturersTechnology providersOEMsEnd-users

Mission: to enable reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard

35

3636

The ZigBee Promoters

http://www.zigbee.org/en/about/profile_auto.asp?Memberid=1342







37

ZigBee Applications37

TELECOM SERVICES

m-commerceinfo servicesobject interaction (Internet of Things)

ZigBeeWireless Control that

Simply Works

HOME CONTROL

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

TVVCRDVD/CDremote

securityHVAClighting controlaccess controlirrigation

PC & PERIPHERALS

INDUSTRIALCONTROL

asset mgtprocess controlenvironmental

energy mgt

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

BUILDING AUTOMATION

securityHVACAMR

lighting controlaccess control

mousekeyboardjoystick

patient monitoring

fitness monitoring

38

ZigBee Architecture38

Application Layer

Network Layer

MAC Layer

Physical Layer

ZigBee

IEEE 802.15.4

39

ZigBee Architecture (con’t)39

SecurityServiceProvider

ZDO

Managem

ent Plane

ZigBee Device Object(ZDO)Application

Object 240Application

Object 1

APS SecurityManagement

APS MessageBroker

ReflectorManagement

NWK SecurityManagement

NWK MessageBroker

RoutingManagement

NetworkManagement

2.4 GHz Radio 868/915 MHz

NLDE-SAP

MLDE-SAP

PD-SAP

MLME-SAP

PLME-SAP

NLM

E-S

AP

AP

SM

E-S

AP

Endpoint 240APSDE-SAP

Endpoint 1APSDE-SAP

ZDO

Public

Interfaces

Endpoint 0APSDE-SAP

…

Application (APL) Layer

Application Framework

Application Support Sublayer (APS)

Physical (PHY) Layer

Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer

Network (NWK) LayerIEEE 802.15.4Defined

ZigBeeTM AllianceDefined

End manufacturerdefined

Layerfunction

Layerinterface

40

ZigBee Device Model

ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)One and only one required for each ZigBee network.

ZigBee Network has unique PAN ID and channel no

Initiates network formation.

Acts as 802.15.4 PAN coordinator (FFD).

May act as router once network is formed.

ZigBee Router (ZR)Optional network component.

May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR.

Acts as 802.15.4 coordinator (FFD).

Participates in multihop routing of messages.

ZigBee End Device (ZED)Joins ZC or ZR.

Optional network component.

Acts as 802.15.4 End device (RFD).

Optimised for very low power operation

Shall not allow association and shall not participate in routing.

40

4141

ZigBee End Device ZigBee Coordinator

ZigBee Router

Topology of ZigBee Network

42

ZigBee Address Assignment

Distributed address assignment mechanismCm, Lm, Rm should be determined first.

Cskip(d) : a gap between direct children of the node

Address

< Formula for assigning address >

1

1 ( 1), if Rm = 1( ) 1 , otherwise

1-

Lm d

Cm Lm dCskip d Cm Rm Cm Rm

Rm

− −

+ ⋅ − −⎧⎪= ⎨ + − − ⋅⎪⎩

( )

Where 1 ( - ) and represents the address of the parent.n parent

parent

A A Cskip d Rm n

n Cm Rm A

= + ⋅ +

≤ ≤

< Formula for Cskip >

- nwkMaxChildren(Cm)- nwkMaxDepth(Lm)- nwkMaxRouters(Rm)

43

ZigBee Address Assignment (con’t)

Distributed address assignment mechanism

Cskip=1Addr=28

Cskip=5Addr=22

Cskip=5Addr=43

Cskip=5Addr=64

Cskip=0Addr=66

Cskip=1Addr=65

Cskip=1Addr=2

Cskip=5Addr=1

Cskip=1Addr=23

ZigBee CoordinatorCskip=21Addr=0

Cskip=1Addr=70

Depth in the network, d

Offset value, Cskip(d)

0 21

1 5

2 1

3 0

nwkMaxChildren=4nwkMaxRouters=4nwkMaxDepth=3

44

ZigBee Security

Master keyIt is used to establish one link key(shared key) between two nodes.

Link keyIt is shared by two nodes.It is used to encrypt network key(shared key)by two nodes.

Network keyIt is shared by all nodes in a network.It is used to encrypt data to send.

44

45

ZigBee Security (con’t)

By using both master keys of each node, link key can be established.Both node 1 and node 2 have a same link key.

45

1 2

Master key #2

Master key #1

1 2

Link key Link key

4646

1 2

Link key Link key

Network key

1 2

By using link key of sender, network key can be encrypted.

The encrypted network key is sent from node 1 to node 2, and both nodes have a same network key.

By using the network key, data can be encrypted and transmitted between the nodes.

Network key Network key

ZigBee Security (con’t)

47

Sensor Network Mobility (SNEMO)

Sensor NEMO Router(SNEMO Router)

NEMO Mobile Routers

Sensor NEMO(SNEMO)Environments

Sensors in BodyArea Network (SBAN)

Sensors in PersonalArea Network (SPAN)

Sensors in VehicleArea Network (SVAN)

Sensor NEMO Node

IPv6 Infrastructure Networks

Access RouterAccess RouterAccess Router

Home Gateway

Sensors in BodyArea Home (SHAN)

NEMOHome Agent

Mobile Routers• MR connects each other by Mesh

routing• MR has two addresses

• Home Address / Mobile Network Prefix

• Global Routable Address (CoA)

Sensors• IPv6-enabled Sensors(6LoWPAN) are

installed at the NEMO Environments.

Access Routers• Access Routers are fixed at the

Internet• Access Routers provide a global

routable address to MRs and connectivity to the Internet

Reference Environments

48

Scenario for Supporting Network Mobility of ZigBee network

Mobile ZigBeeNetwork 1

HomeAgent 1(Server)

IPv6 Internet

MobileZigBee network

Gateway 1(Mobile Router)




BU

BA

Data orCommand

Mobile ZigBeenetwork movesto another link

by mobile router




HomeAgent 2(Server)

Data orCommand

49

Mobile Router Architecture for Supporting Network Mobility of ZigBee network

Mobile ZigBeeNetwork Gateway

(Mobile Router)

ZigBeeDevice

HomeAgent

(Server)

AddressMapping Table

ZigBee IPv6Translator

BindingUpdate List

ZigBee Network IPv6 Network

BUBinding Update with “Z” Flag

[Binding Cache]

HoA CoA

MR’s Home of Address

MR’s Care of Address

… …

PAN ID Short Addr.

64bits Addr.

ZigBeePAN ID

16bits short

address

64bits extended address

ZigBee Addr. IPv6 Addr.

ZigBee Device Address

Home Agent

(server) Address

… …

ZigBee PAN

Co-ordinaitor

option

HoA

option

HA

(IPv6

dst)

CoA

(IPv6

src)

HA

(IPv6

src)

CoA

(IPv6

dst)

HoA

option

BA

HA (IPv6 src)

CoA (IPv6 dst)

Data or Command

(payload)

IPv6 PacketMR ID(src) Device ID

(dst)

Data or Command (payload)

ZigBee frame

[Address Mapping Table]

50

IEEE 802.15 BAN (Body Area Network) Study Group

Implanted

Body-worn

Internet

Ref: IEEE 802.15-07-0564

51

Body Area Network

Broad range of possible devicesBroad range of media typesConnect everything you carryon you and with youOffer “Connected User” experienceMatches low power environmentChallenge – scalability data rate, power

52

Body Area Networks – Target PositionAverage power consumption, sustained data rate

1000 mW500 mW100 mW50 mW10 mW

1 Gbit/s

100 kbit/s

1 Mbit/s

10 Mbit/s

100 Mbit/s

1 kbit/s

10 kbit/s

Wireless USB

IEEE 802.11 a/b/g

Bluetooth

IEEE 802.15.4

200 mW20 mW

Body Area Network

5 mW2 mW

53

BAN Uses Scenario : Body Sensor Network

Medical applicationVital patient dataWireless sensorsLink with bedside monitorCount on 10 – 20 sensors

Five similar networks in rangeMinimum setup interactionPotentially wide applicationTotal traffic / patient < 10 kbps

54

BAN Uses Scenario : Fitness Monitoring

Central device is MP3 playerWireless headset includedExpand functionality

Speed, distanceHeart rate, respiration monitorTemperature sensorPacing informationLocation informationWristwatch display unitEtc.

Total system load < 500 kbpsSynchronization may go faster

55

BAN Uses Scenario : Wearable Audio

Central device is headsetStereo audio, microphoneConnected devices

Cellular phoneMP3 player, PDACD audio playerAP at homeHandsfree carRemote controlOthers

Requires priority mechanismNetwork load < 500 kbps

56

BAN Uses Scenario : Mobile Device Centric

Mobile terminal is central point

Covers broad set of dataSensors – vital, otherHeadsetPeripheral devicesHandsfree / car

Provide gateway to outsideOffload sensor data, other

Requires priority mechanism

Network load < 500 kbps

57

BAN Technical Requirements

There is no specific standard for BANsCurrent standards come close for specific use cases, not broad enoughIssues: power consumption, discovery, QoSSupport for very low power devices, sensors

Target less than 10% power consumption for communications compared to total deviceHave single standard with broad range of supported data rate - scalability

58

BAN Requirements

Distance 2 m std, 5 m specialPiconet density 2 - 4 nets / m2

Devices per network max. 100Net network throughput 100 Mbit/s max.Power consumption ~ 1mW / Mbps

(@ 1 m distance)

Startup time < 100 us, or< 10% of TX slot

Latency (end to end) 10 ms Network setup time < 1 sec

(after initial setup, per device)

59

BAN Requirements (con’t)Implementation module cost

Should be comparable to Bluetooth module

Effective sleep mode(s)Concept for effective, remote wake-upOperates in global, license-exempt bandPrivacy, securityPeer to peer communication, point to multi-pointOmni-directional antennas: small, flexibleFuture proof [for 5 years]

Upgradeable, scaleable, backwards compatibility

Support for several power management / consumption schemes [classes]Quality of service, guaranteed bandwidth

Specific definitions, depends on application

Graceful degradation of servicesDepends on application, not always desireable

Concurrent availability of asynchronous and isochronous channelsLow duty cycle and high duty cycle modesVery low duty cycle applications (sensors)

60

IETF 6LoWPAN WG (IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4)

1st BOF @ IETF-61

1st WG @ IETF-62

2nd WG @ IETF-63

3rd WG @ IETF-64

4th WG @ IETF-65 Rechartering: IPv6 Bootstrapping / ND Optimization / Stateful Header Compression /Transport Application analysis / Mesh routing / Security analysis

draft-ietf-6lowpan-problems-00draft-ietf-6lowpan-format-00

Intel, Invensys, Sun Microsystems- Survey on IPv6 adoption over IEEE 802.15.4- Technical solution (Sub-IP concept)

Ready to the RFC

General discussion

Security considerations

Phase I

Phase II

5th WG @ IETF-66

6th WG @ IETF-67

Rechartering

TinyOS: new format

7th WG @ IETF-68

Rechartering-II

61

Overview of 6LoWPAN

No method exists to make IP run over IEEE 802.15.4 networks

Worst case .15.4 PDU 81 octets, IPv6 MTU requirements 1280 octets

Stacking IP and above layers “as is” may not fit within one 802.15.4 frame

IPv6 40 octets, TCP 20 octets, UDP 8 octets + other layers (security, routing, etc) leaving few bytes for data

Not all adhoc routing protocols may be immediately suitable for LoWPAN

DSR may not fit within a packet, AODV needs more memory, etc

Current service discovery methods “bulky” for LoWPAN

Primarily XML based that needs computing, more memory, etc

Limited configuration and management necessarySecurity for multi hop needs to be considered

62

Conclusion

IP-USNFuture Internet Infrastructure TechnologyIPv6 based Sensor Networks (IETF 6LoWPAN)It provides

Scalability, Reliability, Globally, Mobility

Related StandardizationIEEE 802.15.4ZigBee AllianceIEEE 802.15 Body Area Network Study GroupIETF 6LoWPAN WG

63

Thank you

Q & A

INTRODUCTION TO IP-USNnetworking.khu.ac.kr/html/lecture_data/2007_fall/IP-USN_20071103.pdfLarger...

Documents

Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO IP-USNnetworking.khu.ac.kr/html/lecture_data/2007_fall/IP-USN_20071103.pdfLarger...