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Introduction to Human Skeletal System

Dr. Hazem Abu AlhalawehOrthopedic Resident 2nd year Annajah national hospital

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•Components of Human Skeleton:▫Bones: weighs bearing , highly mineralized▫Cartilages: not mineralized with calcium salts▫Joints:

•Divisions of Human Skeleton:▫Axial Skeleton: (Skull, vertebral column and

thoracic cage)▫Appendicular Skeleton(Shoulder girdle,

Skeleton of upper & lower limbs and Pelvic girdle

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Functions of human skeleton:•Support and shape•Protection•Movement •Mineral storage •Blood cell formation

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Bone

Types of bone :▫Long bone : metacarpals ,metatarsals ,

phalanges, radius , ulna ,tibia , fibula and femur

▫Short: carpals and tarsals▫Flat : ribs , sternum and skull▫Irregular :vertebrae▫Sesamoid : patella

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Structure of vertebrae

•Typical vertebrae consists of : Vertebral body Vertebral arch (pedicle and lamina ) Seven processes (1 spinious ,2 transverse ,4

articular )

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Cervical vertebra• Small body • large triangle v.formen• Small or absent T.processess (C7)• Spinous process : c5-c7 short &bifid• C7 the longest S.Process• C1 (Atlas) : no body or T.process• C2(axis ) the strongest

• Atlanto-occipital Joint• Atlanto-axial joint

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Thoracic vertebra•Heart shape body•V.foramen :circular & smaller then

cervical•Long T.process and S.process•T1 to T10 have facets for articulation

with ribs

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Lumber vertebra

•Kidney shape body•Triangular V.foramen •Short Spinous process

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MCQ?? •In an adult, the spinal cord ends at the

level of : a. Lower border of L1

b. lower border of L2c. L3d. L4

In newborn infant it terminates at the level of

A. L1B. L2-l3C. L4-l5

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Upper extremities▫Shoulder▫Arm▫Forearm▫hand

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clavicle

•1st bone to ossify and the last to fuse •No medullary bone•Medial 1/3 protects Brachial

plexus ,subclavian and axillary vessels

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Scapula•Flat triangular bone links the upper

extremities to axial skeleton•2nd -7th rib .. S.P of T2 –T7

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Humerus• Largest bone in upper EX

• Articulate with scapula via Glenohumeral joint and with radis & ulna at elbow joint

• Capitulum :articulate with head of radiusTrochlea :articulate withTrochlear notch of ulna

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•Ulna is the stabilizig boneOf forearm•Medial and longer•It’s proximal end had olecranon postAnd coronoid process ant•Doesn’t articulate with carpals

•Radiuls :•Head of radius articulate with capitulum

Radius & Ulna

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•1-Humerus •2- Capitulum •3- Olecronon• 4- Olecronon Fossa •5- Radial Head

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Lower extremities

•Femur•Patella•Tibia and fibula•Tarsals•Metatarsals•phalanges

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femur

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Your turn ????

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Monteggia fracture

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Neck of femur fracture

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Shoulder dislocation

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Distal radius # (Smith) and ulnar styloid process f#

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Thank you