Introduction to human Introduction to human population: watch these population: watch these

videosvideos1) National Geographic 7 billion movie2) National Geographic Movie: Typical human3) NPR population simulation

There can be no peace in the world so long as a large There can be no peace in the world so long as a large proportion of the population lack the necessities of life proportion of the population lack the necessities of life and believe that a change of the political and and believe that a change of the political and economic system will make them available. World economic system will make them available. World peace must be based on world plenty. peace must be based on world plenty. John B. Orr John B. Orr

"Unlike plagues of the dark ages or "Unlike plagues of the dark ages or contemporary diseases we do not understand, contemporary diseases we do not understand, the modern plague of overpopulation is soluble the modern plague of overpopulation is soluble by means we have discovered and with by means we have discovered and with resources we possess. What is lacking is not resources we possess. What is lacking is not sufficient knowledge of the solution but sufficient knowledge of the solution but universal consciousness of the gravity of the universal consciousness of the gravity of the problem and education of the billions who are problem and education of the billions who are its victim." its victim." • --Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader and Nobel laureate --Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader and Nobel laureate

"What becomes of the surplus of human life? It is "What becomes of the surplus of human life? It is either, 1st. destroyed by infanticide, as among either, 1st. destroyed by infanticide, as among

the Chinese and Lacedemonians; or 2d. it is the Chinese and Lacedemonians; or 2d. it is stifled or starved, as among other nations whose stifled or starved, as among other nations whose population is commensurate to its food; or 3d. it population is commensurate to its food; or 3d. it is consumed by wars and endemic diseases; or is consumed by wars and endemic diseases; or

4th. it overflows, by emigration, to places where a 4th. it overflows, by emigration, to places where a surplus of food is attainable." surplus of food is attainable."

--James Madison, 1791, U.S. President --James Madison, 1791, U.S. President "The key problem facing humanity in the coming "The key problem facing humanity in the coming century is how to bring a better quality of life -- century is how to bring a better quality of life -- for 8 billion or more people -- without wrecking for 8 billion or more people -- without wrecking

the environment entirely in the attempt." the environment entirely in the attempt." --Edward O. Wilson, scientist, Pulitzer prize winning --Edward O. Wilson, scientist, Pulitzer prize winning

author and father of biodiversity author and father of biodiversity "Once it was necessary that the people should "Once it was necessary that the people should

multiply and be fruitful if the race was to survive. multiply and be fruitful if the race was to survive. But now to preserve the race it is necessary that But now to preserve the race it is necessary that

people hold back the power of propagation." people hold back the power of propagation." --Helen Keller, world-renowned deaf and blind author --Helen Keller, world-renowned deaf and blind author

and lecturer and lecturer

Chapter 5: The Human Chapter 5: The Human PopulationPopulation

World Population GrowthWorld Population Growth

Different countries, different trendsDifferent countries, different trends

I=PxAxTI=PxAxT

Impact is proportional to population, Impact is proportional to population, affluence and technologyaffluence and technology

Environmental Impact can be Environmental Impact can be attributed to population size, affluence attributed to population size, affluence of lifestyle and stewardshipof lifestyle and stewardship

Rich nations: negative environmental Rich nations: negative environmental impact due to affluence, not numbersimpact due to affluence, not numbers

Poor nations: negative environmental Poor nations: negative environmental impact due to numbers not affluenceimpact due to numbers not affluence

Calculating Population GrowthCalculating Population Growth Increase in population=Increase in population=

Birth rate-death rate +immigrants-emigrants Birth rate-death rate +immigrants-emigrants

Increase/original x 100 = percent growth rate Increase/original x 100 = percent growth rate

Note: birth rates and death rates are often given per Note: birth rates and death rates are often given per 1000 people, so they may need to be converted first 1000 people, so they may need to be converted first before adding and subtracting immigrants and then before adding and subtracting immigrants and then by dividing by original population.by dividing by original population.

Example: If a city of population 10,000 experiences a Example: If a city of population 10,000 experiences a birth rate of 10, a death rate of 4, 10 immigrants, and birth rate of 10, a death rate of 4, 10 immigrants, and 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual annual percentagepercentage growth rate? growth rate?

answer = 0.40%answer = 0.40%

Calculating Doubling Time:Calculating Doubling Time:The time it takes for a country to double its The time it takes for a country to double its

population=population=

70/percent growth rate70/percent growth rate

Examples: if a population is growing at an annual Examples: if a population is growing at an annual rate of .5%, the number of years it will take for that rate of .5%, the number of years it will take for that population to double can be found by dividing 70 by population to double can be found by dividing 70 by .5, or DT = 70/.5 = 140 years..5, or DT = 70/.5 = 140 years.

Calculate the doubling time for a population Calculate the doubling time for a population growing at 2.5%.growing at 2.5%.

Answer = 70/2.5 = 28 yearsAnswer = 70/2.5 = 28 years

Why the rule of 70?Why the rule of 70?

USA vs. IraqUSA vs. Iraq

Chapter 6: Issues in Population and Chapter 6: Issues in Population and DevelopmentDevelopment

Factors affecting family Factors affecting family sizesize• Security in one’s old ageSecurity in one’s old age• Infant and childhood Infant and childhood

mortalitymortality• Helping handsHelping hands• Importance of educationImportance of education• Status of womenStatus of women• Availability of Availability of

contraceptivescontraceptives

Millennium Development Goals (p150):Millennium Development Goals (p150):

1.1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerEradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2.2. Achieve universal primary educationAchieve universal primary education

3.3. Promote gender equality and empower womenPromote gender equality and empower women

4.4. Reduce child mortalityReduce child mortality

5.5. Improve maternal healthImprove maternal health

6.6. Combat HIV, malaria, and other diseasesCombat HIV, malaria, and other diseases

7.7. Ensure environmental sustainabilityEnsure environmental sustainability

8.8. Forge a global partnership for developmentForge a global partnership for development

World Agencies at WorkWorld Agencies at Work

World Bank: helps international reconstruction World Bank: helps international reconstruction and development. Historically, protection of and development. Historically, protection of the environment was not a priority.the environment was not a priority.

United Nations Development Program: United Nations Development Program: provides resources and experience to help provides resources and experience to help improve livesimprove lives

Others: FAO and WHOOthers: FAO and WHO

Debt Relief and Development AidDebt Relief and Development Aid necessary to outweigh the harmful necessary to outweigh the harmful

effects of liquidating ecosystem capital effects of liquidating ecosystem capital for short-term needs.for short-term needs.

Social modernization moves towards Social modernization moves towards improving health and educationimproving health and education

Grameen Bank started the practice of Grameen Bank started the practice of microlending. (Muhammad Yunus)microlending. (Muhammad Yunus)

In Cairo 1994, International Conference In Cairo 1994, International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD): on Population and Development (ICPD): “It is not just important to count people “It is not just important to count people but to make sure every person counts.”but to make sure every person counts.”

Poverty CyclePoverty Cycle