Introduction to Geographic Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Information Systems (GIS)

part Ipart I

Marcel FortinGIS & Map Librarian, University of Toronto

gis.maps@utoronto.cawww.library.utoronto.ca/maplib

January 8th, 2007

This presentation http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib/temp/ALD/ARC1012.ppt

ObjectivesObjectives

►Understand the basic premises of GISUnderstand the basic premises of GIS Cartography / Map MakingCartography / Map Making Geographic AnalysisGeographic Analysis

►By Learning the basics ofBy Learning the basics of GIS software and databasesGIS software and databases Different geographic datasetsDifferent geographic datasets Basic map creationBasic map creation

AgendaAgenda►What is not and what is GIS?What is not and what is GIS?►What are Geospatial Data? What are Geospatial Data? ►What is not GIS?What is not GIS?►Examples of GIS applications Examples of GIS applications ►Software FYISoftware FYI►Data Access FYIData Access FYI►GIS Services/Education at the U of TGIS Services/Education at the U of T►DemosDemos►Where do Google Earth/Maps Fit inWhere do Google Earth/Maps Fit in

What is not GIS?What is not GIS?

What is not a GIS – Scanned What is not a GIS – Scanned MapsMaps

E-maps are not a GISE-maps are not a GIS

http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/cartotheque/decoupage-administratif-france-2005.shtml

GPS IS NOT GISGPS IS NOT GIS

http://www.skyfly.cz/pristroj/image/mage315.jpg

GIS not CADGIS not CAD

What is GIS?What is GIS? A GIS is a computer application with

the capacity to assemble, store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced information (geospatial data)

What are What are GeospatialGeospatial data? data?

Data must “fit” with other dataData must “fit” with other data Geospatial data are georeferenced data Geospatial data are georeferenced data (ie. they have a geographic field)(ie. they have a geographic field)

• postal codespostal codes• ProvinceProvince• CityCity• longitude and latitudelongitude and latitude• lot numberslot numbers• concession numbersconcession numbers• census tractcensus tract• wards wards • Air photographs Air photographs • Etc.Etc.

ProvincesProvinces

Postal DataPostal Data

Longitude / Latitude Longitude / Latitude

Parcel InformationParcel Information

Air Photos (or other raster Air Photos (or other raster imagery)imagery)

0.50000000.00000000.0000000-0.5000000627995.12502494836671.8749751

Road Network FileRoad Network File

Combination of “Layers”Combination of “Layers”

1999 Orthorectified Aerial photograph overlayed with the DMTI Spatial’s Street Network file for Ontario

Vector and RasterVector and Raster

01 VectorRaster.mxd01 VectorRaster.mxd

Projection IssuesProjection Issues

projections.mxdprojections.mxd

Thematic / Census MappingThematic / Census Mapping

census.mxdcensus.mxd

Topographic MappingTopographic Mapping

04.0 TopographicMapping.mxd04.0 TopographicMapping.mxd

3D Mapping3D Mapping

3dmapping.mxd3dmapping.mxd

LINE175990487002002FBS.dwgLINE175990487002002FBS.dwg

030m11_0100_deme.dem (global 030m11_0100_deme.dem (global mapper)mapper)

06_3DToronto1.sxd06_3DToronto1.sxd

06_3DToronto2.sxd06_3DToronto2.sxd

07_3DVancouver.sxd07_3DVancouver.sxd

Software FYISoftware FYI

Software Campus “Standard”Software Campus “Standard”

ESRI Site License (campus consortium)ESRI Site License (campus consortium)• ArcGIS (desktop)ArcGIS (desktop)

• ArcInfoArcInfo• ArcEditorArcEditor• ArcView (free version now available from map ArcView (free version now available from map

library)library)

• ArcIMS (web) / ArcSDE (spatial data engine) / ArcIMS (web) / ArcSDE (spatial data engine) / ArcGIS ServerArcGIS Server

Making Sense of “ArcWording”Making Sense of “ArcWording”

Functions

Umbrella

Flavour

3D Analyst, Spatial Analyst, etc.Extensions

ArcGISArcGIS

ArcInfo ArcInfo

ArcEditorArcEditor

ArcViewArcView

ArcMapArcMap||ArcToolboxArcToolbox||ArcSceneArcScene||ArcCatalogArcCatalog

Other Software OptionsOther Software Options CommercialCommercial

• Microsoft MapPoint (software licensing office)Microsoft MapPoint (software licensing office)• OracleOracle• FMEFME• AutoCad Map AutoCad Map • ArcGIS for Autocad ArcGIS for Autocad (see http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-(see http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-

autocad/index.html)autocad/index.html)

• Mapinfo (site license via Geography Department)Mapinfo (site license via Geography Department)• Global MapperGlobal Mapper

Open SourceOpen Source• GRASS (desktop)GRASS (desktop)• MapServer (web)MapServer (web)• ThubanThuban• QGISQGIS• See See http://http://www.freegis.orgwww.freegis.org for more software titles for more software titles

Data FYIData FYI

Data IssuesData Issues

►Data Culture (Canada vs. USA) Data Culture (Canada vs. USA) Feast or FamineFeast or Famine

►Data ManagementData Management►Datasets of InterestDatasets of Interest►Data SelectionData Selection►Data CreationData Creation

Data Culture : Feast or Data Culture : Feast or FamineFamine

YearYear DatasetsDatasets Web Server / IntranetWeb Server / Intranet MediaMedia

19991999 33 3 Gb 3 Gb (a few 100 (a few 100 files)files)

3 CDs3 CDs

20072007 450450 Over Tb Over Tb (millions of files)(millions of files)

1200 CDs/DVDs1200 CDs/DVDs

Data Culture – Mixed BagData Culture – Mixed Bag

► Federal governmentFederal government Geobase.ca Geobase.ca NTDB DEMs now free! NTDB DEMs now free! Geogratis.ca Geogratis.ca NTDB topo data and raster imagery now NTDB topo data and raster imagery now

free!free!► Provincial GovernmentsProvincial Governments

Ontario Ontario OGDE via libraries or vendors OGDE via libraries or vendors Manitoba Manitoba free from download free from download BC and Alberta BC and Alberta pay for some free download for others pay for some free download for others

► MunicipalMunicipal Toronto payToronto pay Mississauga payMississauga pay Brampton payBrampton pay Burlington freeBurlington free Peterborough freePeterborough free London FreeLondon Free

Data Selection and Data Selection and AccuracyAccuracy

Data Starting PointData Starting Point

http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplibhttp://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib

Data CreationData Creation

Data Creation – Waste Disposal Data Creation – Waste Disposal SitesSites

08DataCreation.mxd08DataCreation.mxd

Future Future Historical GISHistorical GIS

1860’s Map of Toronto with roads overlayed. Note the Lakeshore highway’s location.

Open Street MapOpen Street Map

Examples and DemosExamples and Demos

Common Examples of GIS Common Examples of GIS

http://map.toronto.ca/imapit/iMapIt.jsp?app=TOMaps

http://map.toronto.ca/imapit/iMapIt.jsp?app=TOMaps

Where do Google Where do Google Earth/Maps fit in?Earth/Maps fit in?

Convergence or Confusion?Convergence or Confusion?

Google Earth Google Earth The Good The Good

It’s FunIt’s Fun Geographic LiteracyGeographic Literacy Geographic InterestGeographic Interest Technology BoomTechnology Boom Ease of UseEase of Use Collaboration and sharing of hundreds Collaboration and sharing of hundreds

of digitizing projectsof digitizing projects

Google Earth Google Earth The Good The Good

Google Earth Google Earth The Bad The Bad

““Why do we still fund GIS Projects Why do we still fund GIS Projects when there’s Google Earth” when there’s Google Earth”

– – Treasury Board Official at Depository Services Treasury Board Official at Depository Services Program FunctionProgram Function

Google Earth Google Earth The Ugly The Ugly

Google Earth Google Earth GIS GIS ConvergenceConvergence

Can now convert GIS Layers to KML Can now convert GIS Layers to KML format even in ArcGIS format even in ArcGIS http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib/map.htmlhttp://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib/map.html

Can do your own cartography Can do your own cartography Can do some analysisCan do some analysis

Future Future GPS / GIS GPS / GIS ConvergenceConvergence

11 GPS.mxd11 GPS.mxd

Map & GIS Services at U of T Map & GIS Services at U of T LibrariesLibraries

1960’s Map Library in Geography Department1960’s Map Library in Geography Department 1970’s Moved to Robarts 11970’s Moved to Robarts 1stst floor floor 1996 Merged and moved to 51996 Merged and moved to 5thth floor Robarts floor Robarts 1999 GIS & Map Librarian Hired1999 GIS & Map Librarian Hired 2002 Data & GIS Services Area Created2002 Data & GIS Services Area Created 2002 GIS Analyst Hired2002 GIS Analyst Hired 2003 UTM GIS Librarian hired (North 2003 UTM GIS Librarian hired (North

American first)American first) 2006 UTM GIS Technician hired2006 UTM GIS Technician hired 2007-2008 – Data & GIS Services expansion 2007-2008 – Data & GIS Services expansion

(unMAGICed?)(unMAGICed?)

GIS StaffGIS Staff

St. George Campus GIS Team St. George Campus GIS Team • GIS & Map LibrarianGIS & Map Librarian• Map Cataloguer Map Cataloguer • Map Processor Map Processor • GIS Analyst GIS Analyst • Graduate GIS Assistant(s) Graduate GIS Assistant(s)

UTMississauga CampusUTMississauga Campus• GIS and Data LibrarianGIS and Data Librarian• GIS TechnicianGIS Technician

Communication & TeachingCommunication & Teaching

GEODATA-l Listserv GEODATA-l Listserv New DatasetsNew DatasetsSoftware upgradesSoftware upgrades

WorkshopsWorkshopsRCAT LabRCAT Lab

One on one teachingOne on one teaching No Grad Courses anymoreNo Grad Courses anymore ESRI Virtual CampusESRI Virtual Campus

GIS Services FactsGIS Services Facts

► 1960’s Map Library in Geography 1960’s Map Library in Geography DepartmentDepartment

► 1970’s Moved to Robarts 11970’s Moved to Robarts 1stst floor floor► 1996 Merged and moved to 51996 Merged and moved to 5thth floor Robarts floor Robarts► 1999 GIS & Map Librarian Hired1999 GIS & Map Librarian Hired► 2002 Data & GIS Services Area Created2002 Data & GIS Services Area Created► 2002 GIS Analyst Hired2002 GIS Analyst Hired► 2003 UTM GIS Librarian hired2003 UTM GIS Librarian hired

San Francisco dataSan Francisco data

►www.geographynetwork.comwww.geographynetwork.com 09.1California.mx09.1California.mx

►California Spatial Information Library California Spatial Information Library http://gis.ca.gov/index.eplhttp://gis.ca.gov/index.epl

►San Francisco Government GIS San Francisco Government GIS http://www.sfgov.org/site/gis_index.asp?id=372http://www.sfgov.org/site/gis_index.asp?id=372