Introduction to Food Science and...
Transcript of Introduction to Food Science and...
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Introduction to Food Science and BiochemistryJMRSO 2017 – FOOD SCIENCE
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What is biochemistry?uBiochemistry – Branch of science that
explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms
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What is chemistry?uChemistry – The science that studies
how molecules and atoms react
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Chemical EquationsuReactants – What go into the
equation and reacts together; left side of equation
uProducts - What is produced from the reaction; right side of equation
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Chemical EquationsuO2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
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Groups of ChemicalsuInorganic Chemicals
uDo not contain carbonuExamples
uWater: H2OuTable Salt: NaCluAcid: HCl
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Groups of ChemicalsuOrganic Chemicals
uContain carbonuExamples
uCarbohydratesuProteinsuLipids
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WateruWater is the single most abundant
compound in most living thingsuIt is inorganicuWater is very cohesive – it sticks to
itself
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WateruMost chemical reactions occur in
water because it provides the optimum environmentuex. Transport of molecules
uWhen water is broken, it has 2 parts: H and OH
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WateruSince these are equal H ions and OH,
water is considered to be neutraluSome substance can have more
hydrogen which influences pH
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pHupH scale ranges from numbers 1-14u7 is neutral (meaning the substance
has equal H and OH ions)
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AcidsuIf the substance has more H ions
when broken apart, it is said to be acidic
uIt is the number range of 0-6u0 is the strongest and 6 is considered
to be a weak acid
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BasesuIf the substance has more OH ions
when broken apart, it is said to be basic
uIt is the number range of 8-14u14 is the strongest and 8 is considered
a weak base
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BuffersuWeak acid - Base pairs that help
regulate the pH systemuEx. When the cell’s pH drops, the
buffer will attract extra H ions so the cell’s pH will regulate
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Organic ChemistryuOrganic compounds are any
compounds that contain carbonuThey make up all living organismsuCarbon molecules are held together
by covalent bonds
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Organic ChemistryuThere are four organic compounds
(macromolecules), each made up of a smaller unit called a monomerThere are four organic compounds (macromolecules), each made up of a smaller unit called a monomer
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Organic ChemistryPolymer
(Macromolecule)Monomer
Carbohydrates Monosaccharide (Glucose)
Proteins Amino AcidLipids Glycerol Backbone and
Fatty AcidsNucleic Acids Nucleotides