Introduction to Ecosystems Ecology. Ecology is the study of organisms and their interaction with the...
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Transcript of Introduction to Ecosystems Ecology. Ecology is the study of organisms and their interaction with the...
Introduction to Ecosystems
Ecology
Ecology
• Ecology is the study of organisms and their interaction with the environment.
– An organism is any living thing• Examples: Humans, animals, plant, bacteria
Ecology
• The Biosphere– The biosphere is the living world
– Includes any organisms that are found in the air, on land, or in the water
Ecology
• The Ecosystem– Is a self supporting area composed of
living and nonliving things such as the Rain Forest or the Desert
– It produces energy, transfers energy, decomposes, and recycles
– It made up of two (2) types of factors:• Biotic and Abiotic
Ecology
• Abiotic Factors– are non
living parts of the environment such as rocks, the sun, and temperature
Ecology
• Biotic Factors– The living parts of
the environment such as plants, bacteria, and animals
Ecology
• Community– Is composed of all of the populations of
different organisms living together in a given area such as your lawn (contains grass, insects, and worms)
• A population is a group of organisms that belong to the same species & live in a given area
– Ex: heard of cattle or a gaggle of geese
Ecology
• Biome– Is a major type of ecosystem with its
own temperature ranges, rainfall amounts, and types of organisms
Biomes
Aquatic Biomes&
Land Biomes
Aquatic Biomes
• Marine (Salt Water)– Location: Oceans & Estuaries
– Types of Organisms: Kelp, Whales, Dolphins, Sharks, Tuna, Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters, Salmon, Eels, Plankton
Aquatic Biomes
• Marine
Aquatic Biomes
• Freshwater– Location: Wetlands, Rivers, Streams,
Ponds, Lakes, & Creeks
– Types of Organisms: Algae, Muskrats, Ducks, Geese, Fish, Pike, Carp, Bass, & Catfish
Land Biomes
• Fresh Water
Aquatic Biomes
• Photic Zone – marine zone in which there is the presence of light from the sun (plants can grow in this zone)
• Aphotic Zone - marine zone in which no light from the sun is present (very few organisms live in this zone)
Aquatic Biomes
• Estuary – shallow area where salt water and fresh water mix
Aquatic Biomes
• Wetland – area where fresh water, salt water, and land mix (marshes, swamps, and bogs)
Land Biomes
• Tundra– Location: northern North America,
northern Europe, northern Asia
– Climate: Cold, ground stays covered in snow, permafrost – permanent frozen layer of ground, scarce rainfall, very short summers
Land Biomes
• Tundra– Plants: mosses, lichens, small plants
that do need a lot of water
– Animals: caribou, migrating birds (come for the short summer)
Land Biomes
• Tundra
Land Biomes
• Tropical Rain Forest– Location: near the Equator, Africa, &
South America
– Climate: Hot and Humid, rains everyday
Land Biomes
• Tropical Rain Forest– Plants: Jungle (think Tarzan), very tall
trees, thick vegetation on the ground, dense canopy
– Animals: parrots, Apes, Toucans, Monkeys, Leopards, other predatory Cats, Snakes
Land Biomes
• Tropical Rain Forest
Land Biomes
• Coniferous Forest– Location: Canada, Washington (State),
Russia, China
– Climate: long cold Winters, short Summers, frequent Rain
Land Biomes
• Coniferous Forest– Plants: Evergreens (think Christmas
Trees), Pines, Spruces, Cedars
– Animals: Moose, Bear, Lynx, Hibernating Animals, Migrating Animals
Land Biomes
• Deciduous Forest– Location: eastern United States (think
about where we live), most of Europe, Australia
– Climate: hot Summers, cold Winters, Rainfall throughout the year
Land Biomes
• Deciduous Forest– Plants: Trees that lose their leaves,
Maples, Oaks, Hickories, Sycamores, Willows
– Animals: Bears, Foxes, Raccoons, Deer, Squirrels, Birds
Land Biomes
• Deciduous Forest
Land Biomes
• Desert – Location: Africa (think Scorpion King or
the Mummy)
– Climate: Hot, can snow at night, sparse Rainfall
Land Biomes
• Desert– Plants: Succulent Plants (retain water in
the leaves), Cacti, and small Shrubs
– Animals: Lizards, Snakes, small Rodents, other Rodents
Land Biomes
• Desert
Land Biomes
• Grassland– Location: Midwest United States (think
Little House on the Prairie), Africa (think the Lion King), Asia, South America
– Climate: long dry periods with occasional fires
Land Biomes
• Grassland– Plants: several species of Grasses,
scattered Trees, and Wildflowers
– Animals: burrowing Animals – Rabbits, Moles, & Rodents, grazing Animals – Buffalo, Zebras, and Giraffes, Lions, and Hyenas
Land Biomes
• Grassland
Land Biomes
• Chaparral
Land Biomes
• Taiga