Disaster Risk ContextDisaster Risk Context

&

DRR and DPP NeedsDRR and DPP Needsin

Nepal

The Hazards,Vulnerability and Risk Scenario of Nepal

lxdfnL d'n's g]kfnlxdfnL d'n's g]kfn

cGbfhL % s/f]8 jif{ cl3jf6 z'? e";txx?sf] ult;Lntf50 million years ago Plate movement

Formation of Formation of HimalayasHimalayas

ef/lto Kn]6 / ltAatL Kn]6sf] ;+sif{0f

lxdfnsf] pTktL / g]kfnL e"efu lxdfnsf] pTktL / g]kfnL e"efu sf] ljsf;sf] ljsf;

Indian plate collided with Tibetan plate Formation of Mt. Everest

g]kfnsf] ef}uf]nLs w/ftnVariation of altitude with Variation of altitude with

respect to distancerespect to distance

g]kfnsf] hnfwf/ vf]nf gfnf ;+hfn

Topography/ Topography/ Hydro meteorological Set-upHydro meteorological Set-up over 80% rainfall occur within 3 months period with frequent over 80% rainfall occur within 3 months period with frequent

extreme conditions say 500 mm rainfall in 24 hoursextreme conditions say 500 mm rainfall in 24 hours

• Drastic change in elevation from 64 m amsl in Terai to over 8000 m amsl in the Higher Himalayas within a narrow width of 200 km

• Diverse Climatic Conditions ranging from Sub-tropical in

the south to Arctic in the north are to be noticed

• Average Annual Rainfall also varies extremely from < 150 mm in the north to as high as over 5000 mm in the western hilly reason

• Nearly 80 % of the total precipitation falls within

three months monsoon period (June – September)

with frequent >500 mm rainfall in 24 hours

LandslideLandslide

Soil ErosionSoil Erosion

Caused by • Rampant Deforestation

• Over Grazing due to Population Pressure

• Unscientific Land use Practice

1. it has long term effects

2. it acts as catalytic agent for other Water Induced Disasters to occur

•Over grazing > bare-land

Debris flow 1993 e.g. Debris flow at Phedigaon, Palung

Debris Flow …Debris Flow …

Longitudinal Section of Ruwa Khola

0

500

1000

1500

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Distance from Marsyangdi River (m)

FloodFlood

• Most common in Nepal, particularly in Terai Plain

• Sometimes it also occurs in midland valleys

• But Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) not familiar so far

Koshi Flood 2008Koshi Flood 2008

135425168850 167000

26000

Before Breach After Breach

Chatara

Barrage

•80 % Flood Flow80 % Flood Flow•20 % Flood 20 % Flood FlowFlow

Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF)Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF)

• Over 2000 Glacial Lakes in Nepal (ICIMOD)

• Disturbances due to Earthquake, Landslide/Avalanche or Water Pressure may trigger GLOF

“Potentially Dangerous” Glacial Lakes of Nepal including Tsho Rolpa

gSzf ;f}hGo M vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu, n}grf}/, sf7df08f}+ 

g]kfnsf] e"sDkLo g]kfnsf] e"sDkLo hf]lvdhf]lvd

Earthquake Risk in NepalEarthquake Risk in Nepal

ljutdf g]kfndf uPsf e"sDkx?

e"O{+rfnf] uO/xg] e"O{+rfnf] uO/xg] If]qx? If]qx?

The Seismic zoneThe Seismic zone

Zone 5Zone 5

ljkb\af6 ePsf] Ifltsf] km}nfj6

Impact of Disaster in Nepal

ljleGg lhNnfx?df d[To'sf] ;+Vof

Nepal… a Nepal… a theatre of theatre of disastersdisasters

During 1983-2005 disasters have killed 21,680

people

During 2001-2007 disasters have caused

losses worth Rs. 9900 million

2008: Koshi and Mahakali killed over 50 people, displaced over

220,000

2,300 glacier lakes. At least 20 of them are in precarious

condition

1993: 2000 landslides and

floods took 1,500 lives, displaced 500,000+ people

Climate Change: Nepal will be a critical

casualty

Earthquake: The entire country

lies in fault zone. Sitting on a time

bomb

Nepal HDI:

144

Source: MoHA, ISDR, UNDP, NDP, ICIMOD

g]kfnsf] ljkb\–g]kfnsf] ljkb\–hf]lvd cj:yfhf]lvd cj:yfg]kfndf x/]s jif{ ljkb\df k/L Ps xhf/eGbf a9L Ps xhf/eGbf a9L dflg;sf] d[To' x'g]

u/]sf] 5 . 1000 death every yearljut #% jif{sf] tYofª\scg';f/ ljkb\sf 36gfaf6 jflif{s Ps nfv #% Ps nfv #%

xhf/ xhf/ dflg; k|efljt x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . 150,000 affected every yeark|fKt tYofª\scg';f/ x/]s jif{ !^ xhf/ kl/jf/ !^ xhf/ kl/jf/ ljkb\sf sf/0f cfˆgf 3/jf;

u'dfP/ lj:yflkt x'g] u/sf 5g\ . 16,000 family displaced every yearg]kfn ljZjsf 198198 dn's dWo] e"sDkLo hfl]vdsf] lx;fan] e"sDkLo hfl]vdsf] lx;fan] 1111 cf cf}+},

kfgLhGo k|sf]k af6 x'g] Ifltsf lx;fan] kfgLhGo k|sf]k af6 x'g] Ifltsf lx;fan] 3030 cf}+ / hnjfo" kl/jt{g k| cf}+ / hnjfo" kl/jt{g k|efjsf lx;fan] efjsf lx;fan] 6 6 :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 eg] ljsf;sf] ;'rsf+sdf clGtd 144144 cf}+ cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 .

ljkb\sf sf/0f jflif{s cf};t 11 ca{ 2020 s/f]8 8080 nfv ?k}o+f a/fa/sf] cfly{s Iflt cfly{s Iflt eO/x]sf] 5 . h; dWo] %# s/f]8 #% nfv a/fa/sf] cfly{s Iflt hn pTkGg k|sf]ksf sf/0fn] dfq x'g] u/]sf] 5 . Worth NRs. Worth NRs. 1,208,000,000 loss every year1,208,000,000 loss every year

;g\ @))* df sf]zL If]q, dWoklZrd / ;'b"/klZrd If]qdf uPsf] af9Laf6 dfq k|ToIf ?kdf @( ca{ !# s/f]8 / ck|ToIf ?kdf %^ ca{ ^) s/f]8 u/L s'n *& ca{ &# s/f]8 a/fa/sf] Iflt ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . In 2008 Koshi Kailali flood, NRs. 29,130,000,000 direct loss is estimated

@)^^ j}zfv b]lv efb| dlxgf ;Dddf dWoklZrd, ;'b"'/klZrd nufot b]zsf ljleGg efudf km}lnPsf] emf8fkvfnf /f]un] dfxfdf/Lsf] ?k lnO{ @@ lhNnfsf #^% hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] ^@ xhf/ * ;o @) AolQm k|ToIf ?kdf k|efljt ePsf lyP .In 2009 Western epidemics 62,000 families of 22 district affected where 365 people loss their life

sf7df08f}+ pkTosfsf] sf7df08f}+ pkTosfsf] e"sDkLo hf]lvde"sDkLo hf]lvd

sf7df08f}+ pkTosfsf] sf7df08f}+ pkTosfsf] e"sDkLo hf]lvde"sDkLo hf]lvd

c;/ kl/df0fd[To' >$),)))3fOt] >(%,)))ejgsf] Iflt >^)%3/af/ laxLg >&)),)))k'nsf] Iflt >%)%af6f]sf] Iflt >!)%vfg]kfgL kfOksf] Iflt >(%%6]lnkmf]g nfOgsf] Iflt >^)

%ljB't nfOgsf] Iflt >$)%

sf7df08f}+ pkTosfsf] e"sDkLo kl/b[Zo

-gAa] ;fnsf] hqf] e"sDk uPdf_

sf7df08f}+ pkTosfsf] e"sDkLo kl/b[Zo

-gAa] ;fnsf] hqf] e"sDk uPdf_

Disaster Risk Disaster Risk Reduction Reduction

The concept and practice concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic effortssystematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of causal factors of disastersdisasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved improved preparedness for adverse eventspreparedness for adverse events.

Disaster Risk Management

The systematic process of systematic process of using administrative using administrative directivesdirectives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the impacts of hazards and the possibility of disasterpossibility of disaster.

/f]syfd, cNkLs/0f / k"j{tof/L

Go"gLs/0f (Reduction)

cNkLs/0f (Mitigation)

• cGtlg{lxt sdhf]/L 36fpg] sfd• ;+/rgfx?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f, alnof] lgdf{0f OToflb

k"j{tof/L -;Ifdtf_• k|sf]ksf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/L cj:yfdf /xg]• ;'/lIft /xg] pkfox?sf] af/]df hfGg], l;Sg], cfktsflng cj:yfsf] nflu ;fdfgx?sf] hf]xf] ul//fVg], p¢f/ tyf /fxt Ifdtf j[l¢ OToflb

cGt;{DaGw ljkb\ hf]lvd—;+s6f;Ggtf—;Ifdtf

ljkb\ hf]lvd ≈k|sf]ksf] ;+efjgf x ;

+s6f;Ggtfk"j{tof/L -;Ifdtf_

x\of]uf] x\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfsfo{;+/rgfljZjJofkL ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf]

nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf ;b:o /fi6«x?n] cg'df]bg u/]sf] ;femf /0fgLlt g} æx\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfÆ (Hyogo Framework for Action) xf] . ;g\ @))% sf] hgj/L !* b]lv @@ tfl/vdf hfkfgsf] sf]a] ;x/df cfof]lht bf]>f] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f ljZj ;Dd]ngdf ljZjsf !^* /fi6«n] ;j{;Ddt ?kdf] x\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfnfO{ cg'df]bg ub}{ cjnDag ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPsf lyP .

•SUMMARY of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015:•Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (Hyogo Framework)•Expected outcome, strategic goals and priorities for action 2005-2015

x\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfsf k|x\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfsf k|d'v k|fyldstfd'v k|fyldstf

x\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfn] kfFrj6f k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ x\of]uf] sfo{;+/rgfsf] d'Vo efu klg dfGg ;lsG5 . k|To]s k|fyldstf cGtu{tsf ;Defljt sfo{x?nfO{ o; ;+/rgfn] lj:t[t ?kdf JofVof u/]sf] 5 .

!= /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstf != /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstf cg';f/ ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf cg';f/ ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf cfwf/df ljkb\ hf]lvd cfwf/df ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{ ;~rfng Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{ ;~rfng ePsf] ;'lgZrt ug]{ .ePsf] ;'lgZrt ug]{ .;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu /fli6«o

9fFrf, ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf sfg'gL vfsf, ;|f]tsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg / ;fd'bflos ;xeflutfnfO{ ;zQm agfpg] .

@= k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd klxrfg, @= k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd klxrfg, d'Nofª\sg / cg'udg ug]{ tyf d'Nofª\sg / cg'udg ug]{ tyf k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ k|k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] .efjsf/L agfpg] .:yfgLo, If]qLo / /fli6«o txsf] hf]lvd klxrfg, d"Nofª\sg / cg'udg ug]{, k"j{r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ / ;Defljt hf]lvdsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .

#= 1fg, vf]h / lzIffsf] pkof]u #= 1fg, vf]h / lzIffsf] pkof]u u/]/ ;a} txdf ;'/IffTds ;+:s[lt / u/]/ ;a} txdf ;'/IffTds ;+:s[lt / k|sf]ksf] ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtf k|sf]ksf] ;fdgf ug]{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .clej[l4 ug]{ .:yfgLo, /fli6«o txdf ;"rgf Joj:yfkg

tyf cfbfg–k|bfg, lzIff tyf tflnd / cg';Gwfg;lxt hgr]tgf clea[l4 u/]/ ;a} txdf ;'/IffTds ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; tyf k|sf]k–;fdgf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .

$= hf]lvdsf cfwf/e"t sf/stTj $= hf]lvdsf cfwf/e"t sf/stTj Go"gLs/0f ug]{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ jftfj/0f tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf cEof; / e"–pkof]u of]hgf tyf cGo k|fljlws pkfo ckgfP/ hf]lvdsf vf; sf/s tTjnfO{ 36fpg] .

%= ;a} txdf k|sf]ksf] k|%= ;a} txdf k|sf]ksf] k|efjsf/L k|ltsf/sf nflu z;St efjsf/L k|ltsf/sf nflu z;St k"j{tof/L ug]{ . k"j{tof/L ug]{ . k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf nflu If]qLo,

/fli6«o tyf :yfgLo :t/df ;DjlGwt k|ljlw, tflnd Pjd\ dfgj tyf ef}lts ;+;fwg ljsf; u/L gLltut, k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut Ifdtf ;zQm agfpg] .

/fli6o cfktsflng sfo{ ;/fli6o cfktsflng sfo{ ;+rfng s]Gb|+rfng s]Gb|

Emergency Operation Emergency Operation Center (EOC)Center (EOC)e"sDk k|lt/f]ws ejg lgdf{0f u/L @$ 306}

v'nf /xg] ;"rgf sIfsf] Joj:yfg]kfnsf] k|fs[lts, ef}uf]lns gfk, gS;f / b"/L ;lxtsf] ljj/0fx? s]Gb|Lo :t/df /fVgljkb\sf 36gfx?sf] ;"rgf ;+sng ug{;a} lgsfo;Fu t'?Gt cfjZos ;dGjo ug{e"sDk k|lt/f]wL sDKo'6/, :of6]nfO{6 kmf]g h:tf cTofjZos / cfw'lgs ;fdfu|Lx? k"j{–tof/L xfntdf /fVgqmdzM k|fGtLo,If]qLo÷lhNnf :t/df klg cfktsfnLg lgoGq0f sIf :yfkgf ul/g] . o;sf nflu Australian ;/sf/ / UNDP sf] ;xof]u k|fKtu[x dGqfnodf o;sf] ;+rfng ug]{ tof/L e};s]sf] .

DRRDRR k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu --HFA HFA Xof]uf] sfo{;+/rgf_ Xof]uf] sfo{;+/rgf_ nfO{ cfcfkm\gf] sfo{s|d nfO{ cfcfkm\gf] sfo{s|d

/ / kl/of]hgfdf s] s;/L cfTd;ft jf d"nk|kl/of]hgfdf s] s;/L cfTd;ft jf d"nk|

jflxs/0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 <jflxs/0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 <k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu -k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu -Xof]uf] sfo{;+/rgf_sf] kl/of]hgf Xof]uf] sfo{;+/rgf_sf] kl/of]hgf

kl/If0f tyf cfTd;ftLs/0fsf nflu kl/If0f tyf cfTd;ftLs/0fsf nflu s]lx ;jfn / k|Zgx?s]lx ;jfn / k|Zgx?

;'zf;g;'zf;g

k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu Xof]uf] sfo{;+/rgf -Xof]uf] sfo{;+/rgf -HFAHFA_ sfo{s|d / _ sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgfdf s'g xb ;Dd k|fyldstfdf kl/of]hgfdf s'g xb ;Dd k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] 5< x]/f}+ t Ûk/]sf] 5< x]/f}+ t Û

sfo{;+/sfo{;+/rgf / 9f+rfrgf / 9f+rf

s] xfd|f] ;d'bfodf k|sf]ksf] j]nfdf s] ug]{ eGg]jf/] gL0f{o nLg;Sg] tof/L tof/L cj:yfsf ;';+ul7t ;+:yf,;ldtL jf ;d"xx? cj:yfsf ;';+ul7t ;+:yf,;ldtL jf ;d"xx? 5g\ <

;xeflutfsf] ;xeflutfsf] clwsf/clwsf/

s] ;+:yf,;ldtL jf ;d"xsf ;b:ox? cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ / /fHon] ;"/Iff / ;+/If0f k|bfg clwsf/ / /fHon] ;"/Iff / ;+/If0f k|bfg ug'{kg]{ bfloTjug'{kg]{ bfloTjjf/] ;r]t 5g\<

ljlQo >f]tljlQo >f]t

s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf] k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, k|efj clNks/0f / k'g/:yf{kgfsf nflu /fHo / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] 5'6\ofpg] /fHo / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] 5'6\ofpg] ljlQo / cGo >f]tx?dflysf] kx'+r ljlQo / cGo >f]tx?dflysf] kx'+r 5 <

dfgj >f]tdfgj >f]t

s] xfd|f ;d'bfosf k|ltlgwLx? k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf k|sf]k sfnLg cj:yfdf k|sf]k ;fdgf tyf kxn s] s;/L ug]{ jf/]df ;'rLt tyf k|lzlIft 5g\<

ljBfno Pj+ ljBfno Pj+ :jf:Yo ;'ljwf:jf:Yo ;'ljwf

x?x?

s] xfd|f ;d'bfodf cjl:yt ljBfno Pj+ ljBfno Pj+ c:ktfnx?df c:ktfnx?df k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sf nflu k"j{tof/L k"j{tof/L of]hgf jgfpg tyf k|sf]k sfnLg cj:yfdf k|sf]k ;fdgf tyf kxn ;fdgf tyf kxn ug{ ;s[o ;ldtLx? ;s[o ;ldtLx? 5g\ <

PrPkPrPkmP !mP !

hf]lvd hf]lvd d"Nof+sg , d"Nof+sg , cg'udg tyf cg'udg tyf k"j{ ;"rgf k"j{ ;"rgf k|0ffnLk|0ffnL

xfd|f] xfd|f] sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgf sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgf If]qsf] If]qsf] ;d'bfodf vt/f / ;d'bfodf vt/f / hf]lvd hf]lvd jf/] ;r]tgf, ;"rgf / 5nkmnsf] k|jf/] ;r]tgf, ;"rgf / 5nkmnsf] k|ultsf] cj:yf s] 5<ultsf] cj:yf s] 5<

k|sf]k k|sf]k hf]lvd hf]lvd

d"Nof+sgd"Nof+sg

s] xfd|f] sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgf If]qdf cj:yLt vt/f jf ;+s6 tyf ;+Defljt hf]lvd sf] cg'udg d"Nof+sg / of]hgf th"{df sf nflu ;d'bfosf ;j} -dlxnf, jfnjfnLsf tyf cGo ;+s6f;Gg ju{_ sf] ;xeflutfdf j}7s jf 5nkmn x'g] ub{5 <

k"j{ ;"rgf k"j{ ;"rgf k|0ffnLk|0ffnL

s] xfd|f] sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgf If]qsf] ;d'bfodf cj:yLt vt/f jf ;+s6 / ;+Defljt hf]lvd jf/] ;r]tgf u/fpg] / k"j{ ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{ k|0ffnLx? :yfkLt 5g\<

PrPkPrPkmP mP

@@

1fg / lzIff1fg / lzIff

xfd|f] xfd|f] sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgf sfo{s|d / kl/of]hgf If]qsf If]qsf ;d'bfo ;d'bfo s'g xb ;Dd k|sf]k s'g xb ;Dd k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, k"j{tof/L of]hgf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, k"j{tof/L of]hgf tyf k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf kxn tyf tyf k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf kxn tyf k|lt/f]w Pj+ ug]{ ljifodf hfgLkmsf/ k|lt/f]w Pj+ ug]{ ljifodf hfgLkmsf/ 5g\<5g\<

;'rgf ;'rgf Joj:yfkg Joj:yfkg tyf cfbfg tyf cfbfg k|bfgk|bfg

:yflgo :t/df /x]sf k|d'v vt/fx?sf] af/]df ;dalGwt ;d'bfodf sltsf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;"rgf ljt/0f tyf ;Dk|]l;t ul/G5 <

cf}krf/Ls cf}krf/Ls lzIfflzIff

:yflgo of]hgfx? k|sf]k k"j{ tof/L tyf ;fdgfsf nflu cf}krfl/s ?kdf ljBfno tyf SofDk;x?df k|lzlIft ul/G5 <

hg r]tgf / hg r]tgf / j'emfO{j'emfO{

K|fsf]k cfO k/]sf] v08df ;+efljt vt/fx? ;fdgf ug{sf nflu s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo ;+u kof{Kt 1fg tyf ;';"lrt cj:yfdf 5g t <

cgf}krf/Ls cgf}krf/Ls lzIfflzIff

K|fsf]ksf] ;+efljt vt/f tyf c;/x?af6 aRgsf nflu s] ;d'bfo ;+u k|ofKt ;"rgf 5g jf cgf}krfl/s lzIff k|fKt u/]sf 5g h;n] ubf{ ;d'bfo k|efjsf/L kxn lng ;sf]; \ .

ljBfno ljBfno ;"/Iff;"/Iff

s] ;d'bfonfO{ yfxf 5 ,xfd|f] ljBfnox? sltsf] ;'/IfLt 5 eg]/ < s] ;d'bfonfO {tL ;j} Jojxfl/s sbdx? Sf] af/]df yfxf 5 ls xfd|f gofF / aGb} u/]sf ljBfno ;+/rfgfx? x/]s lsl;dn] k|sf]k sf] vt/faf6 ;+/lIft / ;';lHht 5g \ <

PrPkPrPkmP mP

##

Jftfj/0f tyf k|Jftfj/0f tyf k|fqm[lts >f]t fqm[lts >f]t

Joj:yfkg Joj:yfkg

Xfd|f] ;d'bfodf JofKt s[lifdf cfwfl/t k/Kk/ut cEof;x? s] Jftfj/0f d}qL cyf{t jftfj/0f hf]ufpg] tkm{ pBt 5g <

Hfnjfo" Hfnjfo" kl/jt{gsf] kl/jt{gsf]

nflu nflu cg's'ngtfcg's'ngtf

s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo eljiodfcfO kg{] df};d tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{g nfO{ cg's'ng ug{ tof/ 5g <

vfB ;"/Iff vfB ;"/Iff cfsl:ds a]nfdf x'g] ;+efljt vfB cefj nfO{ ;fdgf ug{ xfd|f] ;d'bfo;+u k|ofKt vfBfGg 5 t <

;fdflhs ;"/Iff ;fdflhs ;"/Iff

;fv ul/ hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfo tyf ju{ x?sf] nflu k|sf]k k/]sf] a]nf tyf o; kl5 sf;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf] nflu k|Tofe"lt ul/Psf] 5 t < ;fdflhs ;"/Iff ;+hfnx?df logLx?sf] kx"+rsf] l:ytL s:tf] 5 <

ljQLo ;"/Iff ljQLo ;"/Iff ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t art tyf nufgL of]hgfx? tL hf]lvddf /x]sf ju{x?sf] nflu pknAw/ d]n vfg] 5g t <

u/LjL u/LjL Go"lgs/0f Go"lgs/0f

xfd|f\] ;d'bfo vf; ul/ tL hf]lvddf /x]sf ju{ ul/JfL Go"gLs/0fsf nflu sltsf] ;Ifd /x]sf] 5 t<

;du| of]hgf ;du| of]hgf k4lt k4lt

:yflgo :t/df ul/g] ljsf;;+u ;Dalgwt of]hgfx?df tL ;d"bfox?sf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtf nfO{ s;/L ;'lglZrt ug{'x'G5 <

ejg ;+lxtf tyf ejg ;+lxtf tyf dfkb08 dfkb08

K|fsf]k ;fdgfsf ] ;Gbe{df s] xfd|f] ;d’bfo lglb{i6 dfkb)8 cjndagsf nflu nflu tof/ 5g \ <

;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfx?;fj{hlgs ;'ljwfx?sf] ;'/Iff sf] ;'/Iff

;fj{hlgs ;Dklt tyf ;'ljwfx? gLdf{0f tyf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu s] xfd} ;d'bfo ;Ifd tyf tof/ 5g \<

Vft/fsf Vft/fsf cGt/lglxt sf/s cGt/lglxt sf/s tTjx? tTjx?

;+Defljt k|sf]k / hf]lvd clNks/0fsf ;+Defljt k|sf]k / hf]lvd clNks/0fsf nflu ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo cj:yf / nflu ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo cj:yf / e" pkof]u If]qdf ul/Psf] k|ultsf] cj:yf s] e" pkof]u If]qdf ul/Psf] k|ultsf] cj:yf s] 5<5<

PrPkPrPkmP $mP $

cGt/ cGt/ ;;+DjlGwt ;jf+DjlGwt ;jfnx? nx?

s] n}+lus, ;+fl:s[lts tyf s] n}+lus, ;+fl:s[lts tyf eflifs ;jfnx? eflifs ;jfnx? k|sf]k hf]lvd k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, k"j{tof/L tyf k|sf]ksf Go"gLs/0f, k"j{tof/L tyf k|sf]ksf k|efj clNks/0f of]hgf th{"dfsf] k|efj clNks/0f of]hgf th{"dfsf] bf}/fgdf x]l/Psf 5g\<bf}/fgdf x]l/Psf 5g\<

;fd'bflos ;x;fd'bflos ;xeflutf / ;'rgeflutf / ;'rg

f f

s] xfd|f] ;d'bfo n] :yflgo clwsf/L tyf ;Da4 lgsfo;+u ;+rf/ tyf cg'/f]w / u'gf;f] ug{] k|i6 k|0ffnL / kl/kf6L 5 <

;lqmo ;xefl;lqmo ;xeflutf utf

;d'bfo vf;ul/ hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfo sf] :yflgo of]hgfx?df sltsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf x'g] u/]sf] 5 <

lg0f{odf ;xlg0f{odf ;xeflutf eflutf

:yflgo lgsfox?;+u of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf lg0f{o k|lqmofx?df oL hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfox?sf] ;xeflutf s:tf] 5 <

:jo+ ;]jf :jo+ ;]jf s] k|sf]ksf] a]nf ;d'bfo sf ;b:ox? :jo;]jf k|bfg u5{g\ <

n}+lustf n}+lustf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t qm[ofsnfkx?df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ ;d'bfon] ;'lglZt u/]sf] 5 <

;+:qm[lts ;+:qm[lts uDle/tf uDle/tf

-k/Dk/fut -k/Dk/fut 1fg_ 1fg_

K|fsf]ksf] c;/x?nfO{ 36fpgsf] nflu ;d'bfon] rngdf /x]sf ;+:qm[lts cEof; tyf k/Dk/fut 1fgx? nfO{ s;/L pkof]udf Nofpg] u/]sf] 5 <

;+f:qm[lts ;+f:qm[lts ulDe/tf ulDe/tf -Effiff _ -Effiff _

s] ;d'bfon] ToxfF /x]sf cflbjf;L tyf cNk;+Vosx?sf] efiffdf k|sf]k ;DalGwt ;jfnx? 5nkmn ug{] u/]sf 5g\ <

PrPkPrPkmP mP cGocGo

k|sf]k hf]lvd k|sf]k hf]lvd Joj:yfkgdf Joj:yfkgdf

wGojwGojfbfb

PSnf] gLsfon] s]lx ug{ ;St}gPSnf] gLsfon] s]lx ug{ ;St}g

DRR is Everybody’s DRR is Everybody’s businessbusiness Thank youThank you

tkfO{+x?sf] ;xof]u tkfO{+x?sf] ;xof]u cfjZos 5 .cfjZos 5 .

Single Agency is not enough for DRRSingle Agency is not enough for DRR