Introduction to Digital Image...
Transcript of Introduction to Digital Image...
![Page 1: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Presentation to EE1001 Class of the Department of
Electrical Engineering at the University of Minnesota Duluth, October 31,
2018
Dr. Mohammed A. Hasan
Email:[email protected]
Related Courses:
EE 8741: Digital Image Processing
EE 5741: Digital Signal Processing
EE 5742: Pattern Recocnition
EE 8742: Signal Detection And Estimation
EE 5745 Medical ImagingThe materials of this lecture is taken from many sources including Textbooks and websites 1
Introduction to Digital Image
Processing
![Page 2: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, View from the Window at Le Gras, 1826.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_photography
The first photograph in the world
![Page 3: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Textbook
Suggested textbook:
R.C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall’2008
Digital Image Processing by Kenneth R. Castleman 1995
Any other book with a similar title will work too
![Page 4: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Some Related Disciplines
Computer Vision
Computer Graphics
Pattern Recognition
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
![Page 5: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
• Prerequisites
Knowledge of at least two of the following
three areas:
Linear algebra
Elementary probability theory
Signals and systems
Software: MATLAB (Image processing Toolbox)
General Information
![Page 6: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mathematics in Image Processing
Research
Calculus
Linear Algebra
Probability and Statistics
Differential Equations (ODEs and PDEs)
Differential Geometry
Harmonic Analysis (Fourier, wavelets, etc)
![Page 7: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Companies In this Field
IBM
National Instruments
GE Laboratories
Yahoo (Multimedia Searching)
nVidia Graphics
![Page 8: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Digital Image Concepts:
A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or pixels.
Each pixel represents a single color and value. The computer arranges
the pixels to create the illusion of a continuous image, in a manner
similar to that of a television.
Image Resolution: The number of pixels packed into a unit of
measure [eg inch] that determines the quality of the image. This value is
the image resolution. Image resolution most commonly refers to the
number of pixels per inch. This is called “dots per inch,” or dpi. In most
cases, higher resolution [higher dpi] results in better image quality.
Remember, however, that final image quality is limited by the quality of
your image source. While image resolution can always be reduced,
increasing resolution will not improve image quality.
![Page 9: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What is an image?
We can think of an image as a function, f,
from R2 to R:
– f( x, y ) gives the intensity at position ( x, y )
– Realistically, we expect the image only to be
defined over a rectangle, with a finite range:
f: [a,b]x[c,d] [0,1]
A color image is just three functions pasted
together. We can write this as a “vector-
valued” function: ( , )
( , ) ( , )
( , )
r x y
f x y g x y
b x y
![Page 10: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Digital Image Representation
Color Images are described by three image
planes R, G, B. Each Plane is a matrix of
integers 0<f(x,y)<256: Gray Levels
0:darkest
255: Brightest
Each number in the image represent a pixel
39871532
22132515
372669
28161010
39656554
42475421
67965432
43567065
99876532
92438585
67969060
78567099
![Page 11: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Image Representation
col
row
f (row, col)
Before we discuss image acquisition recall that a digital image is composed of M rows and N columns of pixels each storing a value
Pixel values are most often grey levels in the range 0-255(black-white)
Images can be
represented as matrices
Ima
ge
s ta
ke
n fro
m G
on
za
lez &
Wood
s, D
igita
l Im
age
Pro
ce
ssin
g (
20
02
)
![Page 12: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
A Historical Overview of DIP
Newspaper industry used Bartlane cable picture
transmission system to send pictures by submarine
cable between London and New York in 1920s
![Page 13: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Early Improvement
The number of distinct gray levels coded by Bartlane system
was improved from 5 to 15 by the end of 1920s
![Page 14: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
The Born of Digital Computers
What do we mean by Digital Image Processing
– Processing digital images by a digital computer
DIP has been dependent on the development of digital computers and other supporting technologies (e.g., data storage, display and transmission)
![Page 15: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Soar Into Outer Space
The first picture of moon by US spacecraft Ranger 7
on July 31, 1964 at 9:09AM EDT
![Page 16: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
The Born of Computed Tomography
Sir Godfrey N. Housefield and Prof. Allan M. Cormack
shared 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the invention of CT
![Page 17: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Acquisition
– Digital cameras, scanners
– MRI and Ultrasound imaging
– Infrared and microwave imaging
Transmission
– Internet, satellite and wireless communication
Storage
– CD/DVD, Blu-ray
– Falsh memory, Phase-change memory
Display
– Printers, LCD monitor, digital TV
– Portable DVD player, PDAs, cell-phone
The Boom of Digital Images
in the Last 30 Years
![Page 18: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Applications of digital image processing… virtually, everywhere!
• Industry: inspection/sorting; manufacturing (robot vision)
• Environment: strategic surveillance (hydro-dams, forests, forest fires, mine
galleries) by surveillance cameras, autonomous robots
• Medicine: medical imaging (ultrasound, MRI, CT, visible)
• Culture: digital libraries; cultural heritage preservation (storage,
restoration, analysis – indexing)
• Television: broadcasting, video editing, efficient storage
• Education & tourism: multi-modal, intelligent human-computer interfaces,
with emotion recognition components
• Security/authentication (iris recognition, signature verification)
… etc…
![Page 19: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Signature Verification
![Page 20: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Character Recognition
![Page 21: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Image Analysis: Change Detection Visual Inspection
![Page 22: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Image Analysis: Change Detection
![Page 23: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Change Detection in Medical Application
![Page 24: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Biometrics
![Page 25: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Examples: Law Enforcement
Image processing
techniques are used
extensively by law
enforcers
– Number plate
recognition for speed
cameras/automated
toll systems
– Fingerprint recognition
– Enhancement of CCTV
images
Ima
ge
s ta
ke
n fro
m G
on
za
lez &
Wood
s, D
igita
l Im
age
Pro
ce
ssin
g (
20
02
)
![Page 26: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fingerprint Verification /
Identification
![Page 27: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fingerprint Identification
Minutiae Matching
Delaunay Triangulation
![Page 28: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Image Analysis: Image Matching
Antemortem dental X-ray record Postmortem dental X-ray record
![Page 29: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Target Recognition
Department of Defense (Army, Airforce,
Navy)
![Page 30: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Interpretation of aerial photography is a problem domain in both
computer vision and registration.
Interpretation of Aerial Photography
![Page 31: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Autonomous Vehicles
Land, Underwater, Space
![Page 32: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Google Car
32
![Page 33: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Traffic Monitoring
![Page 34: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Face Detection
![Page 35: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Face Recognition
![Page 36: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Face Detection/Recognition
![Page 37: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Facial Expression Recognition
![Page 38: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Human Activity Recognition
![Page 39: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Medical Applications
skin cancer breast cancer
![Page 40: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Morphing
![Page 41: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing:
Image
Acquisition
Image
Restoration
Morphological
Processing
Segmentation
Object
Recognition
Image
Enhancement Representation
& Description
Problem Domain
Colour Image
Processing
Image
Compression
Wavelets &
Multiresolution
processing
Knowledge Base
Outputs of these processes generally are images
Ou
tpu
ts o
f th
ese p
rocesses g
en
era
lly a
re i
mag
e a
ttri
bu
tes
![Page 42: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Image Processing
Image Enhancement
![Page 43: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
a) Image containing substantial haze prior to atmospheric
correction. b) Image after atmospheric correction using ATCOR
(Courtesy Leica Geosystems and DLR, the German Aerospace
Centre).
![Page 44: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
small
large
digital
zooming
1M pixels
4M pixels
Resolution enhancement can be obtained by common image
processing software such as Photoshop or Paint Shop Pro
Image Manipulation (V):
Image Interpolation
![Page 45: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Image Manipulation (X):
Image Inpainting
![Page 46: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Image Inpainting Application:
Restore Old Photos
![Page 47: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
25,680 colors (24 bits) 256 colors (8 bits)
Applications: video cell-phone, gameboy, portable DVD
Image Manipulation (XI):
Color Quantization
![Page 48: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Low Pass Filtering: Document Processing
Sample Text
![Page 49: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Smoothing Text Using Gaussian Filter
![Page 50: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
High-Pass Filter:(Butterworth Type)
H_h(u,v)=1/{1+[D_0^2/(u^2+v^2)]^N}
Low-Pass Filter:(Butterworth Type)
H_l(u,v)=1/{1+(u^2+v^2)/D_0^2}^N
![Page 51: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Image Processing (cont’d)
Image Restoration: image contaminated
with periodic noise
![Page 52: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
salt and pepper (impulse) noise
Image Manipulation
Noise Removal
Noise contamination is often inevitable during the acquisition
additive white Gaussian noise
You will learn how to design image filter in a principled wayy
![Page 53: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Image manipulations include
algebraic, differential, and
Statistical Operations:
Image addition and subtraction,
Image multiplication (e.g.
Convolution)
Power Correction
Edge detection: Gradient,
Laplacian
Median Filters (statistical)
![Page 54: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
g(x) df
dx f (x 1) f (x)
h(x) d2 f
dx2 f (x 1) 2 f (x) f (x 1)
f 2 f 2 f
x22 f
y2
f (x 1, y) f (x, y 1) f (x 1, y) f (x, y 1) 4 f (x, y)
g(x, y) f
dx
2
f
dy
2
![Page 55: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
Upper masks: Roberts filter.
Lower masks: Sobel Filter
![Page 56: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
Edge detection
![Page 57: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Gamma Correction
It is a non linear operation
that stretches and compress
intensities to improve object
visibility in an image.
Mathematical expression:
If gamma <1, mapping
weighted towards brighter
(enhanced) and gamma>1,
weighted towards darker (de
enhanced).
Original mammo Gamma corrected
mammogram
![Page 58: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Contrast Enhancement Using
Histogram Equalization
The Histogram approximates the
probability of occurrence of grey levels in
the given image.
Histogram Equalization means redistribute
the grey levels so that the pixels values in
the new image have uniform distribution.
![Page 59: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
overly-exposed image
Contrast Enhancement
under-exposed image
An image with better contrast if we
modify the histogram of the image
![Page 60: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Un-Equalized Image
![Page 63: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
Equalized Image
![Page 64: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
Human eye
Human Vision System
![Page 65: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
Optical Illusions
In image Perception, we will see why
we need to know about neuroscience
and psychology
![Page 66: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
Human Vision System
Simultaneous contrast
![Page 67: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
Fascinating Optical Illusions
![Page 68: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
![Page 69: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69
![Page 70: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70
![Page 71: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71
Interpretation Ambiguity
Is it seal or donkey?Is it duck or hare?
![Page 72: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72
The Man in the Coffee Beans
The "illusion" is that this is just a picture of coffee beans; but it is not.
Can you find a man's face among the beans?
![Page 73: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73
![Page 74: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74
![Page 75: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
75
![Page 76: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
76
http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/games/illusions/lots_
of_illusions.htm
http://www.psy.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/saishi
n52e.html
https://cs.fit.edu/~dmitra/MedImage/
![Page 77: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
77
![Page 78: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Summary
DIP is very interesting multi-disciplinary
subject that has powerful real life
applications.
Thank you
![Page 79: Introduction to Digital Image Processingsburns/EE1001Fall2018/MohammedHasanImageProcessing.pdfDigital Image Concepts: A Digital Image is composed of an array of picture elements or](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042303/5ece9481f4891a09fb5fa554/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Questions